This document summarizes a research paper on developing an Android application using autonomous GPS to provide location-based services. The key points are:
1) It proposes an Android app that uses autonomous GPS (rather than cellular networks) to track a user's location in real-time. Autonomous GPS can find location faster and with lower cost compared to existing location-based systems.
2) The app is designed to find and tag services and people with their locations. It will display locations on a map using the Android location API and Google Maps API.
3) Autonomous GPS determines location directly from GPS satellites without needing wireless data, resulting in faster location fixes, lower cost, and less battery usage compared to assisted
IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of computer engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in computer technology. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of computer engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in computer technology. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Road traffic jam becomes a serious issue for highly crowded metropolitan cities. India is that the
second most populated country within the world and may be a fast growing economy. it's facing terrible road
congestion within the cities. consistent with Times of India about 30 percent of deaths are caused thanks to delayed
ambulance to succeed in at hospital. In proposed system we try to scale back the delay for the ambulance. To
smoothen the ambulance movement, we come up with “Auto Traffic Management System”. We try to supply the
green signals for ambulance by switching the signals. We are getting to use the technologies like RFIDs. Whenever
signal detects the ambulance almost signal, then signal switches to green. As this technique is fully automated, it
recognize the ambulance and control traffic signals. this technique controls traffic signal and saves the time in
emergency period. Also we've automated camera which can help in monitoring the traffic jam . Thus it act as a
life saver project.
Abstract In today’s world time management is a big task. There could be the possibility that we may forget to do some important and urgent jobs which could results in a negative way for us. Also we have a trend of using smart phones supporting different tools and applications which could make our life simple. Today devices and phones run on many different types of operating systems such as IOS, Android etc. The proposed study is based on android based devices such as smart phones and tablets running on the Android operating system, since Android is designed to be an open source OS it gives a wide opportunity to any developer to develop and try different applications on such devices. In the proposed system we will discuss about the application which provides the service of automatic profile changing based on the user’s location from one to other (e.g. from normal to work mode or vice versa). It uses internet connection and GPS services to learn about the user’s current location and accordingly it updates the profile. Keywords—LBS, anroid OS, profile, GPS.
Social App - Concept - Women Safety - (India)
Like the idea - buy a book for me?
http://www.amazon.in/registry/wishlist/288G2K0JZQOD6
http://flipkart.com/wishlist/b3naam
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
Sybian Technologies Pvt Ltd
Final Year Projects & Real Time live Projects
JAVA(All Domains)
DOTNET(All Domains)
ANDROID
EMBEDDED
VLSI
MATLAB
Project Support
Abstract, Diagrams, Review Details, Relevant Materials, Presentation,
Supporting Documents, Software E-Books,
Software Development Standards & Procedure
E-Book, Theory Classes, Lab Working Programs, Project Design & Implementation
24/7 lab session
Final Year Projects For BE,ME,B.Sc,M.Sc,B.Tech,BCA,MCA
PROJECT DOMAIN:
Cloud Computing
Networking
Network Security
PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED SYSTEM
Data Mining
Mobile Computing
Service Computing
Software Engineering
Image Processing
Bio Medical / Medical Imaging
Contact Details:
Sybian Technologies Pvt Ltd,
No,33/10 Meenakshi Sundaram Building,
Sivaji Street,
(Near T.nagar Bus Terminus)
T.Nagar,
Chennai-600 017
Ph:044 42070551
Mobile No:9790877889,9003254624,7708845605
Mail Id:sybianprojects@gmail.com,sunbeamvijay@yahoo.com
Sybian Technologies Pvt Ltd
Final Year Projects & Real Time live Projects
JAVA(All Domains)
DOTNET(All Domains)
ANDROID
EMBEDDED
VLSI
MATLAB
Project Support
Abstract, Diagrams, Review Details, Relevant Materials, Presentation,
Supporting Documents, Software E-Books,
Software Development Standards & Procedure
E-Book, Theory Classes, Lab Working Programs, Project Design & Implementation
24/7 lab session
Final Year Projects For BE,ME,B.Sc,M.Sc,B.Tech,BCA,MCA
PROJECT DOMAIN:
Cloud Computing
Networking
Network Security
PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED SYSTEM
Data Mining
Mobile Computing
Service Computing
Software Engineering
Image Processing
Bio Medical / Medical Imaging
Contact Details:
Sybian Technologies Pvt Ltd,
No,33/10 Meenakshi Sundaram Building,
Sivaji Street,
(Near T.nagar Bus Terminus)
T.Nagar,
Chennai-600 017
Ph:044 42070551
Mobile No:9790877889,9003254624,7708845605
Mail Id:sybianprojects@gmail.com,sunbeamvijay@yahoo.com
Road traffic jam becomes a serious issue for highly crowded metropolitan cities. India is that the
second most populated country within the world and may be a fast growing economy. it's facing terrible road
congestion within the cities. consistent with Times of India about 30 percent of deaths are caused thanks to delayed
ambulance to succeed in at hospital. In proposed system we try to scale back the delay for the ambulance. To
smoothen the ambulance movement, we come up with “Auto Traffic Management System”. We try to supply the
green signals for ambulance by switching the signals. We are getting to use the technologies like RFIDs. Whenever
signal detects the ambulance almost signal, then signal switches to green. As this technique is fully automated, it
recognize the ambulance and control traffic signals. this technique controls traffic signal and saves the time in
emergency period. Also we've automated camera which can help in monitoring the traffic jam . Thus it act as a
life saver project.
Abstract In today’s world time management is a big task. There could be the possibility that we may forget to do some important and urgent jobs which could results in a negative way for us. Also we have a trend of using smart phones supporting different tools and applications which could make our life simple. Today devices and phones run on many different types of operating systems such as IOS, Android etc. The proposed study is based on android based devices such as smart phones and tablets running on the Android operating system, since Android is designed to be an open source OS it gives a wide opportunity to any developer to develop and try different applications on such devices. In the proposed system we will discuss about the application which provides the service of automatic profile changing based on the user’s location from one to other (e.g. from normal to work mode or vice versa). It uses internet connection and GPS services to learn about the user’s current location and accordingly it updates the profile. Keywords—LBS, anroid OS, profile, GPS.
Social App - Concept - Women Safety - (India)
Like the idea - buy a book for me?
http://www.amazon.in/registry/wishlist/288G2K0JZQOD6
http://flipkart.com/wishlist/b3naam
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
Sybian Technologies Pvt Ltd
Final Year Projects & Real Time live Projects
JAVA(All Domains)
DOTNET(All Domains)
ANDROID
EMBEDDED
VLSI
MATLAB
Project Support
Abstract, Diagrams, Review Details, Relevant Materials, Presentation,
Supporting Documents, Software E-Books,
Software Development Standards & Procedure
E-Book, Theory Classes, Lab Working Programs, Project Design & Implementation
24/7 lab session
Final Year Projects For BE,ME,B.Sc,M.Sc,B.Tech,BCA,MCA
PROJECT DOMAIN:
Cloud Computing
Networking
Network Security
PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED SYSTEM
Data Mining
Mobile Computing
Service Computing
Software Engineering
Image Processing
Bio Medical / Medical Imaging
Contact Details:
Sybian Technologies Pvt Ltd,
No,33/10 Meenakshi Sundaram Building,
Sivaji Street,
(Near T.nagar Bus Terminus)
T.Nagar,
Chennai-600 017
Ph:044 42070551
Mobile No:9790877889,9003254624,7708845605
Mail Id:sybianprojects@gmail.com,sunbeamvijay@yahoo.com
Sybian Technologies Pvt Ltd
Final Year Projects & Real Time live Projects
JAVA(All Domains)
DOTNET(All Domains)
ANDROID
EMBEDDED
VLSI
MATLAB
Project Support
Abstract, Diagrams, Review Details, Relevant Materials, Presentation,
Supporting Documents, Software E-Books,
Software Development Standards & Procedure
E-Book, Theory Classes, Lab Working Programs, Project Design & Implementation
24/7 lab session
Final Year Projects For BE,ME,B.Sc,M.Sc,B.Tech,BCA,MCA
PROJECT DOMAIN:
Cloud Computing
Networking
Network Security
PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED SYSTEM
Data Mining
Mobile Computing
Service Computing
Software Engineering
Image Processing
Bio Medical / Medical Imaging
Contact Details:
Sybian Technologies Pvt Ltd,
No,33/10 Meenakshi Sundaram Building,
Sivaji Street,
(Near T.nagar Bus Terminus)
T.Nagar,
Chennai-600 017
Ph:044 42070551
Mobile No:9790877889,9003254624,7708845605
Mail Id:sybianprojects@gmail.com,sunbeamvijay@yahoo.com
This presentation is about GPS... what is it?why GPS? , how it works? and the applications of GPS. By Mostafa Hussien
facebook profile: http://www.facebook.com/mstfahsin
Twitter @MSTFAHSIN
Tumblr mostafahussien.tumblr.com
Geo location based augmented reality applicationeSAT Journals
Abstract As the inception of mobile app development began, various applications of Augmented Reality that was once only restricted under the avenue of personal computers extended its domain to mobile applications and currently is used in the wide fields of gaming, education, navigation and so on. The exceptional data processing abilities which is possessed by smartphones in concert with its various services such as Global Positioning System (GPS), wireless networks, and compass have authorized Augmented Reality to find a very fruitful proposition in the wide spectrum of navigation based apps. The objective of the proposed work is to structure and design Geo based Augmented Reality application using GART toolkit. The paper initiates with explaining the various components used in a Geo AR app, exploring and explaining the various structure and features of the app and providing a spotlight on the deficiencies and future scope of the targeted developed app [1]. Keywords: Augmented Reality, Global Positioning System, Wireless Network, GART, Geo AR app
Implementation of Recommendation on Location Based Servicesijtsrd
Today mobile is very useful thing. It is a need of everybody. In every Era “Location†is a strong component of “Mobility†Location based services LBS are services offered using mobile phone by taking mobile's geographical location. The proposed system is providing location based services and offers with respect to user interest. Vendors are allowed to post and edit an advertisement for users. The system contains various modules such as advertising , Tourist place, Parking place etc. It also provides user's feedback, ranking based suggestion in secured manner. The purpose of this system is to notify the user based on their preferences and their interest in the particular area and notify them using android application. This will lead to lower advertising costs and expenditures also save the time of user for finding the located area of ads with help of GPS. Sagar B. Gite | Harshada A. Gavali | Ajinkya S. Dhongade | Jyotsna G. Gavatade ""Implementation of Recommendation on Location Based Services"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23900.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/23900/implementation-of-recommendation-on-location-based-services/sagar-b-gite
Android application to locate and track mobile phones(aaltm) an implementati...eSAT Journals
Abstract
With the advancement of technology and modern science, people are expecting information about the location of any object for
tracking purposes. GPS is a system which has been implemented and is accessible without any restriction. Having the facility of
GPS, we need a GPS device to calculate the location from the information taken from GPS. This paper presents a study on
Location Based Services and is directed on locating and tracking of Android devices. In this implementation I am using Global
Positioning System (GPS) and Web Services, and android smart phone device since Android devices have a built-in feature of
GPS service. Some latest demanding tools and technology used for this implementation are Java, AVD, WAMP etc.
Keywords: Location Based Services; Global Positioning System (GPS); location; path
The goal of this project is to provide a location-based alarm system through which users can broadcast their last known
position in emergency situations. The system will be able to send an SMS or an e-mail containing the user’s location coordinates
to the already registered mobile numbers using GCM service. The location information is obtained using GPS
technology and real-time location is shown on the receiver’s application using Google Maps API. In situations where GPS is
not available, the system tracks location using LBS technology
.Keywords: GPS,GCM,LBS Android.
A GPS tracking system is a common way of getting real-time vehicle location data. GPS technology is often employed in modern car tracking systems, however other forms of autonomous vehicle location technologies can also be used. A GPS tracking system comprised of hardware, open-source software, a web server, and an easy-to-manage user interface via a web server with Google Map was presented. The goal of this project is to develop and build a hand-held wireless GPS tracking device that can be tracked remotely via the Internet. There are three parts to this research. A mobile device with GPS and a wireless Internet connection is the first component. Our hardware project, which contains an LCD, GPS, GSM, Arduino Uno, and sensor linked to service, is the second portion.
Traffic Detection System is an Android application that aims at determining the behavior of traffic in a particular location. It calculates the speed of the vehicle and the level of congestion or the amount of traffic is determined on the basis of the values of sensors. If any such obstruct found, then the driver is provided an option to send messages regarding high traffic to his/her friends. After a distinct number of repeated low speed and breaks, the location of the vehicle (latitude and longitude) send to a pre-specified contact (selected in case of traffic congestion) through an SMS. This application uses the features of the Global positioning system. The Latitude, as well as the longitude of the location where traffic jams are formed, is sent to the friends of the user. The Goggle map of the location also sends to the friends. It uses the SMS Manager a functionality of Android. The friends receiving the messages will thereby avoid taking the congested route and hence the level of traffic on the congested road will decrease, and the friends will reach the destination in comparatively less time.
Traffic Detection System is an Android application that aims at determining the behavior of traffic in a particular location. It calculates the speed of the vehicle and the level of congestion or the amount of traffic is determined on the basis of the values of sensors. If any such obstruct found, then the driver is provided an option to send messages regarding high traffic to his/her friends. After a distinct number of repeated low speed and breaks, the location of the vehicle (latitude and longitude) send to a pre-specified contact (selected in case of traffic congestion) through an SMS. This application uses the features of the Global positioning system. The Latitude, as well as the longitude of the location where traffic jams are formed, is sent to the friends of the user. The Goggle map of the location also sends to the friends. It uses the SMS Manager a functionality of Android. The friends receiving the messages will thereby avoid taking the congested route and hence the level of traffic on the congested road will decrease, and the friends will reach the destination in comparatively less time.
A NOVEL AND COST EFFECTIVE APPROACH TO PUBLIC VEHICLE TRACKING SYSTEMijujournal
There are lots of efforts being made by public transport corporations to improve public vehicle occupancy
by requesting the public to use public transport over other modes of transportation. It can be noted that if
the passenger knows with high confidence that the bus is going to come, he/she will definitely wait rather
than opting for other modes of transport. Efficient information can therefore help the users to choose faster
and more easier connections which saves their time. Trends in wireless technology like Global System for
Mobile communication (GSM) and Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) have resulted in easier and
faster communication. This paper presents a vehicle tracking system by integrating both of the above
mentioned technologies. The central server uses geographic information system (GIS) to track vehicles to
display the position information on the electronic map. This paper suggests a new cost-effective way for
tracking a vehicle in public transport domain and compares proposed technique to some of the methods
advised previously for tracking public vehicles.
Location-based Services (LBSs) are IT services for providing information that has been created, compiled, selected, or filtered taking into consideration the current locations of the users or those of other persons or mobile objects.
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacks
Iaetsd location-based services using autonomous gps
1. Location-Based Services Using Autonomous GPS
R. Jegadeeswari
Department of Computer Science and Engineering,
M.E. Scholar, Anna University,
Sree Sowdambika College of Engineering,
Aruppukottai, TamilNadu, India.
ragavi.jeri@gmail.com
S. Parameswaran
Department of Computer Science and Engineering,
Assistant Professor, Anna University,
Sree Sowdambika College of Engineering,
Aruppikottai, TamilNadu, India.
eswar232000@gmail.com
Abstract—In a mobile era, people need to know about
everything at any place and any time. To achieve this need,
Location Based Services (LBS) can be the solution for their
search. Normally, LBS are achieved with the help of signals
of the service provider of that particular mobile. But it is not
appropriate if there is poor/no availability of signal strength.
Therefore it might be less efficient or even completely useless
in some circumstances. Most of the existed LBS consume
more battery power, long time to make connection to the
server and cost. To overcome this problem, the proposed
Android App developed with the Autonomous GPS to track
the location of a user with the help of the device’s location
services. The incentive of this App is, “To aid with the
precise information of current location of a person in real
time”. This Android APP is designed to find and tag the
services and people where they are located with the concept
of Autonomous GPS. These autonomous GPS find the user
location from the mobile’s device and it is in-built with smart
phones. It works faster with reduced cost compared to the
existing system.
Keywords— Android operating system, LBS, Autonomous
GPS, Google Map.
I. INTRODUCTION
1.1 ANDROID
Android is an open source, mobile operating system
(OS) based on the Linux kernel, developed by the Open
Handset Alliance, led by Google, and other companies.
The latest version of Android is 4.4 KitKat. Mobile
applications can be build using Android and iOS.
An Android app is a software application running on
the Android platform. Because the Android platform is
built for mobile devices, a typical Android app is designed
for a Smartphone or a tablet PC running on the Android
OS. Android apps are available in the Google Play Store
(formerly known as the Android Market), Amazon
AppStore, and 1Mobile market and on various Android
App-focused sites.
ANDROID BENEFITS AND LIMITATIONS
Benefits of an Android are scheduled as:
• Open source
• Android scales to all devices
• Time for a change
• Third party development is encouraged.
Android has following limitations:
• Not hold by any huge corporation yet except HTC
• Not support a few applications similar to Firefox
• Several restrictions exist in blue tooth
1.2 LBS
A Location based services (LBS) is an information
and entertainment services, available with mobile devices
through the mobile network and utilizing the ability to
make use of geographical position of the mobile device.
LBS services can be used in a mixture of contexts, such
as health, work, personal life, etc. It comprises parcel
tracking and vehicle tracking services. LBS have two
foremost actions, that is:
1. Finding the location of user
2. Utilizing this information to offer as a service.
Location based Services can be classified into 3
categories:
A) Public Safety/Emergency Services
B) Consumer Services
Some cases of location based Services are:
To determine the nearest business or service,
such as an Bank or Hotels
Getting alerts, such as notification of Sale in
Shopping Mall or news of Traffic Jam nearby
Receiving the location of the stolen phone.
LOCATION-BASED SERVICES –
APPLICATIONS
In order to provide more useful, attractive and engaging
social networks, apps and services location-components
have been added to new innovative projects. I have
catalogued some of the applications of LBS in the
following way:
Marketing
Emergency
Information Services
Navigation
Location Based Social Media
Mobile Location-Based Gaming
Sports
Billing
Geo-tagging
Tracking
Augmented Reality
The remainder of this paper is organized as follows.
The background and related work of Autonomous GPS
Proceedings of International Conference on Advancements in Engineering and Technology
ISBN NO : 978 - 1502893314
www.iaetsd.in
International Association of Engineering and Technology for Skill Development
1
2. and other techniques are discussed in Section II. The
methodology of LBS components is presented in Section
III. Android application: working with use of GPS,
Google Maps API is explained in Section IV and the idea
of proposed system is evaluated in Section V. Section VI
concludes this paper. Future scope of this application is
conferred in Section VII.
II. BACKGROUND AND RELATED WORK
2.1 Autonomous GPS
The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a
space- based satellite steering system that includes 24
satellites placed network into orbit by the U.S.
Department of Defense. On Earth, GPS receivers take this
signal information from many satellites and utilize
triangulation to determine the user’s precise location.
Cellular networks are being used to “fill in gaps” in
transmission signals.
Today, there are three different transmission modes
being used in community corrections to carry the
deliverance of accurate, reliable signals to GPS tracking
receivers and overcome geographical or atmospheric
challenges. These modes include:
Receiving signals via the GPS satellite network
only (Autonomous GPS);
A combination of GPS satellite data with support
from a cellular network (Assisted GPS);
A method that measures signals from nearby
cellular towers and reports the time/distance
readings back to the locating towers (Advanced
Forward Link Trilateration) to determine an
approximate location of the GPS receiver.
In the proposed system, we use autonomous GPS for
tracking the user’s location from the mobile device. It
offers location and time information in all weather
conditions, anywhere on or near the Earth where there is
an unobstructed line of sight to four or more GPS
satellites.
On the ground, any GPS receiver contains a
computer that "triangulates" its own position by
receiving bearings from at least three satellites. The
result is provided in the form of a geographic position -
longitude and latitude - to, for most receivers, w i t h i n
a n a c c u r a c y of 1 0 t o 1 0 0 meters. Software
applications can then use those coordinates to give
driving or walking directions.
A. GPS Accuracy & Precision
One of the key points and advantages of GPS is its
accuracy. Levels of GPS accuracy are extremely high,
even for civilian use GPS units. It is also worth defining
the difference between accuracy and precision.
GPS accuracy: The accuracy refers to the
degree of closeness the indicated readings are to
the actual position.
GPS precision: Is the degree to which the
readings can be made. The smaller the circle of
unknown the higher the precision.
Figure.2.1: GPS Accuracy and Precision
The accuracy expected to be obtained using a GPS
receiver will vary according to the overall system used.
While accuracy level actually achieved will depend upon
many factors, typical estimations of the level of GPS
accuracy can be given.
GPS system
Expected GPS accuracy
(meters)
GPS with S/A activated ±100
GPS without S/A activated ±15
GPS with WAAS ±3
Differential GPS ±5
B. Levels of Accuracy
The following graph shows the accuracy levels of all
currently available systems. The vertical axis is the
expected accuracy or error level, shown both in
centimeters and meters. The horizontal axis is the distance
along the earth's surface between the reference station and
the remote user. If there is no reference station, the line is
drawn all the way to 10,000 km, all over the earth.
The accuracy obtained in this way depends mainly on the:
Quality of the reference receiver
Proceedings of International Conference on Advancements in Engineering and Technology
ISBN NO : 978 - 1502893314
www.iaetsd.in
International Association of Engineering and Technology for Skill Development
2
3. Quality of the user's receiver
Update rate and data latency (communications
bandwidth)
Distance from reference to user
Multipath at the reference receiver
Multipath at the user's site
Recently, the smart phones (Android, Black berry and
iPhone) come furnished with A-GPS technology which
provides the spatial coordinates of the user location with
the combination of Global Positioning System (GPS)
satellites data with support from cellular network and it
works indoor and outdoor, responds faster, and uses less
battery power.
2.2 Assisted-GPS
Assisted GPS, also known as A-GPS or AGPS is a
system that improves the startup performance, or time-to-
first-fix (TTFF), of a GPS satellite-based positioning
system. In AGPS, the Network Operator deploys an
AGPS server. These AGPS servers download the orbital
information from the satellite and store it in the database.
An AGPS capable device can connect to these servers and
download this information using Mobile Network radio
bearers such as GSM, CDMA, WCDMA, and LTE or
even using other wireless radio bearers such as Wi-Fi.
Generally, the data rate of these bearers is high; hence
downloading orbital information takes less time.
Figure.2.2: Architecture of A-GPS System
It deals signal and wireless network problems by using
assistance from other services. Such a technology in our
smart phones can aid in different ways like tracking
current location, getting turn-by-turn direction
instructions, route tracking, etc.
2.3 The Difference Between Autonomous GPS and
Assisted- GPS
The major difference between both systems is speed
and cost. A-GPS devices determine location coordinates
faster because they have better connectivity with cell sites
than directly with satellites whereas GPS devices may
take several minutes to determine their location because it
takes longer to establish connectivity with 4 satellites.
AGPS system costs money to use A-GPS devices on
an ongoing basis because they use mobile network
resources. GPS devices communicate directly with
satellites for free. There is no cost of operation once the
device is paid for.
Figure.2.3: Difference between Standard GPS and
AGPS
GPS is real-time solution provider whereas AGPS is not.
The network usage is required every time we move out of
the service area. It is useful only for locating a particular
place in small area. There is no privacy in GPS and A-
GPS since the Assistance server knows the location of the
device. There needs to be communication over the
wireless for processing of GPS information so this could
be expensive.
III. LBS COMPONENTS
Most of Location Based Services need several
components. I have suggested the model of “5+1”
components of LBS – five technological and 1 human
related:
1. Positioning systems – allow geographically
localizing the mobile device both outdoor and
indoor using: satellite-based systems, Cell-ID,
RFID, Bluetooth, WiMax, and Wireless LANs.
2. Communication Network – the wireless
network that allows for transfer of data between
user (thought mobile device) and server (service
provider). Nowadays it is in most cases wireless
internet (e.g. GPRS, 3G, and 4G).
3. Service and Application Provider – the LBS
provider, including the software (e.g. GIS) and
other distributed services and components that
are used to resolve the query and provide the
tailored response to the user.
4. Data and Content Provider – service providers
will usually not store and maintain all the
information, which can be requested by users.
Therefore geographic base data and location
information data will be usually requested from
the maintaining authority or business and
industry partners.
Proceedings of International Conference on Advancements in Engineering and Technology
ISBN NO : 978 - 1502893314
www.iaetsd.in
International Association of Engineering and Technology for Skill Development
3
4. Figure.3.1: Components of LBS
5. Mobile Devices – any portable device that has
capabilities to utilize stated above components of
LBS, for example: mobile phones (including
smart phones), tablets, palmtops, personal
navigation devices, laptops etc.
6. User – operator of the mobile device and the
person that is utilizing potential of modern
mobile device and infrastructures in order to get
value added information or entertainment.
Figure.3.2: LBS Components and Service Process
Figure-3.2 shows the connections between these
components, and the process of a LBS service. First,
user sends a service request using the application
running on mobile device (Step 1). The service request,
with user's current location information received from the
positioning component (in this example, GPS data), is
sent to service server via the mobile communication
network (Step 2). The service server requests geographic
database and other associated database to gain needed
information (Step 3, 4). At last, the requested
information is sent back to user's mobile phone via
mobile communication network paragraphs must be
indented.
3.1 METHODOLOGY
Two methodologies used to implement LBS-
• To process location data in a server and to
promote the generated response to the clients.
• To find location data for a mobile device-based
application that can use it directly.
To discover the position of the mobile, LBS must use
positioning methods in real time. The accuracy of the
methodology depends on the approach used. Locations
can be represented in spatial terms or as text descriptions.
A spatial location can be represented in the used
latitude-longitude-altitude coordinate system. Latitude is
defined as 0-90 degrees north or south of the equator and
longitude as 0-180 degrees east or west of the prime
meridian, that passes through the Greenwich, England.
Altitude is represented in meters above sea level.
A text description is usually defined as a street
location, including city, pin code.
The location of the device can be retrieved by,
i) Mobile Phone Service Provider Network-
The current cell ID is used to locate the Base Transceiver
Station (BTS) that the mobile phone is interacting with
and the location of that BTS. It is the most basic and
cheapest method for this purpose.
A GSM cell may be anywhere from 2 to 20 kilometers in
diameter. Other approaches used along with cell ID can
achieve location granularity within 150 meters.
ii) Satellites
The Global Positioning System (GPS) uses 24 satellites
orbiting the earth. It finds the user position by calculating
differences in the times the signals, from different
satellites. GPS are in-built with the smart phones.
Assisted-GPS (A-GPS) is the new technology for smart
phones that integrates the mobile network with the GPS to
give a better accuracy of 5 to 10 meters. This fixes the
position within seconds, has better coverage and
consumes less battery power and requires fewer satellites.
IV. ANDROID APPLICATION: WORKING WITH USE
OF GPS, GOOGLE MAPS API
It is the biggest and most important part of the
entire application. It uses Android SDK API to manage
the GPS Sensor, Google Maps API to show the Map
powered by Google Maps, to display the markers about
events on the Map.
Knowing where the user is allows your application to
be smarter and deliver better information to the user.
When developing a location-aware application for
Android, you can utilize GPS and Android's Network
Location Provider to acquire the user location. Although
GPS is most accurate, it only works outdoors; it quickly
consumes battery power, and doesn't return the location as
quickly as users want. Android's Network Location
Provider determines user location using cell tower and
Wi-Fi signals, providing location information in a way
that works indoors and outdoors, responds faster, and uses
less battery power. To obtain the user location in your
Proceedings of International Conference on Advancements in Engineering and Technology
ISBN NO : 978 - 1502893314
www.iaetsd.in
International Association of Engineering and Technology for Skill Development
4
5. application, you can use both GPS and the Network
Location Provider, or just one.
Challenges in Determining User Location
There are several reasons why a location reading
(regardless of the source) can contain errors and be
inaccurate. Some sources of error in the user location
include:
Multitude of location sources - GPS, Cell-ID,
and Wi-Fi can each provide a clue to user’s location.
Determining which to use and trust is a matter of trade-
offs in accuracy, speed, and battery-efficiency.
User movement - Because the user location
changes, you must account for movement by re-estimating
user location every so often.
Varying accuracy - Location estimates coming
from each location source are not consistent in their
accuracy. A location obtained 10 seconds ago from one
source might be more accurate than the newest location
from another or same source.
4.1 ANDROID LOCATION API
Android also provide an API to access the Google maps.
So with the help of the Google maps and the location
APIs the application can show required places to the user
on the map.
4.2 GOOGLE PLACES API
On 10 May, 2011, at the Google I/O developer
Conference in San Francisco, Google announced the
opening up and general availability of the Google Places
API.
The Google Places API is a service that returns data
about Places — defined within this Web Service as,
spatial locations, or preferred points of interest — using
HTTP requests. Place response specifies locations as
latitude/longitude coordinates.
The four types of requests are available with the
Google Places API- There are 4 fundamental Place
services available:
o Place Searches - It returns an array of nearby
Places based on a location defined by the user.
o Place Details - It returns more specific data
about a user defined Place.
o Place Check-ins - Check-ins is used to gauge a
Place's popularity; frequent check-ins will boost
a Place's priority in application's Place Search
responses.
o Place Reports - It allows the users to add new
locations to the Place service, and to delete
Places that the application has added to the
database.
V. PROPOSED SYSTEM
Proposal of an integrated android application is
based on location information.
5.1 IMPLEMENTATION OF PROPOSED SYSTEM
In the proposed system, we are going to track the
location of a user with the help of the device’s location
services. This does not require a user to have a sim card to
be mandatory (as we are not tracking based on the signal).
The user can easily tag his/her location with the help of
WIFI (if available). The user (admin) can then view the
current location of particular person with their posted
comments and time this information must be available in
android mobile device and also in user personalized
format.
PROCESS OF PROPOSED APP
Users are requested to login in the app. This is
only for security purpose. Two or more user details (user
name, password) will be stored in the database. User logs
in to the app. If the user is unauthorized or the username
and password is incorrect, then the alert message will be
displayed.
The app open with main page that will have a text
box (to type something), and a “tag” button. When the user
taps the button, his current location will be gathered with
the help of his mobile device’s location services. If the
mobile’s location services had not been enabled, the app
will show an alert message saying “Please Enable Location
Services”. If enabled, his current location will be stored in
the database with his name. The users can logout of the
application. Figure 5.1 shows this scenario.
Figure.5.1: User Scenario
When the admin wants to know the current
location of User, then the admin logs in, his main page will
contain a “map” button. On tapping the button, Google
maps will be generated with the help of Google maps API.
The map will contain the User’s tags with his comments (if
any). The following figure 5.2 shows this scenario.
Proceedings of International Conference on Advancements in Engineering and Technology
ISBN NO : 978 - 1502893314
www.iaetsd.in
International Association of Engineering and Technology for Skill Development
5
6. Figure.5.2: Admin Scenario
This application is mainly focused to design for
marketing field. For example, sales executives or sales
representatives tag their location at each point; it will be
viewed by their sales manager, if he wants to monitor
their team members or sales executives.
VI. CONCLUSION
Android System provides the opportunity to determine the
current geographical location and to build location-aware
applications, without focusing on the details of the
underlying location technology. To obtain the user
location, we can use one of:
GPS Provider
Android’s Network Location Provider
(availability of cell tower and Wi-Fi access
points)
or both of them. Every provider has its cons and pros, and
can be used depending on the circumstances at each
situation. The use of Location Services is, in order to get
the current location, by choosing the best provider at each
time.
In this paper, we developed the LBS for people
with ease of their communication usage through Android
mobile. Once you learn about the location-related APIs
and capabilities that the Android platform provides, you
can use them to create the next great location aware
application. If all the information must be available on a
mobile device with the user customized format, then it’s
helpful to manage their valuable time effectively and
efficiently.
VII. FUTURE SCOPE
Yet now we can manage limited number of users
identity which is visualization of user location, this will be
overcome by means of fetching separate server for
gathering user’s information by launching this, we can
break the limitation which was occurred in previous task.
So my future research will be able to implement the any
number user’s identity. And this any number of users
information will also be grouped according to the nature
of role they performing; it should be achieved by using
filtering mechanism.
REFERENCES
[1] Amit Kushwaha, Vineet Kushwaha, ”Location
Based Services using Android Mobile Operating
System”, IJAET, Vol. 1,Issue 1,pp.14-20, Mar.
2011.
[2] Prof. Seema Vanjire, Unmesh Kanchan, Ganesh
Shitole, Pradnyesh Patil,”Location Based
Services on Smart Phone through the Android
Application”, IJARCCE, Vol. 3, Issue 1, Jan.
2014.
[3] Manav Singhal, Anupam Shukla,
”Implementation of Location Based Services in
Android using GPS and Web services”, IJCSI,
Vol. 9, Issue 1, No 2, Jan. 2012
[4] Bhupinder S. Mongia Vijay K. Madisetti, Fellow,
IEEE, “Reliable Real-Time Applications on
Android OS”, submitted for publication-June 18,
2010.
[5] [Online]:http://www.smashingmagazine.com/201
3/11/22/four-ways-to-build-a-mobile-app-part1-
native-ios/
[6] [Online]:http://www.sencha.com/products/touch
[7] [Online]:file:///F:/gps/Autonomous GPS,
Assisted GPS or AFLT What and Why-BI
BlogBIBlog.htm
[8] [Online]:file:///F:/gps/GPS Accuracy, Errors &
Precision Radio-Electronics.Com.htm
[9] [Online]:file:///F:/gps/GPS Accuracy Levels.htm
[10][Online]:http://geoawesomeness.com/knowledge
-base/location-based-services/location-based-
services-components/
Proceedings of International Conference on Advancements in Engineering and Technology
ISBN NO : 978 - 1502893314
www.iaetsd.in
International Association of Engineering and Technology for Skill Development
6