Abstract
With the advancement of technology and modern science, people are expecting information about the location of any object for
tracking purposes. GPS is a system which has been implemented and is accessible without any restriction. Having the facility of
GPS, we need a GPS device to calculate the location from the information taken from GPS. This paper presents a study on
Location Based Services and is directed on locating and tracking of Android devices. In this implementation I am using Global
Positioning System (GPS) and Web Services, and android smart phone device since Android devices have a built-in feature of
GPS service. Some latest demanding tools and technology used for this implementation are Java, AVD, WAMP etc.
Keywords: Location Based Services; Global Positioning System (GPS); location; path
An android based advisor system for efficient vehicle driving directionseSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Intelligent Bus Tracking System Using AndroidAM Publications
Intelligent bus tracking system using android is an application that tracks a bus and collects the distance to each station. Tracking system involves the installation of an electronic device in a bus, with an installed Android App on any smart phone to enable a user to track the bus location. There are two applications one for server and other for the client. The user can get flexibility of planning travel using the app, to decide on which bus to take or when to catch the bus. The waiting time of the user can be reduced. By using this application user get the information about buses, bus numbers, bus route, bus arrival and bus delay timing information etc [1]. It provides information about which bus coming to the stop. By the presently existing system we are dealing with three terminals, a device on bus, a device at bus stop and a device on the master bus stand so as to keep the track on the all city busses. By employing this tracking system the arrival of the bus is detected near the bus stop and also can be seen on the PC at the master bus stop. GSM modem can also transmit the bus information to the registered mobile numbers. Hence, we can control the bus traffic and can detect the arrival of particular bus at the bus stop.
A developed GPS trajectories data management system for predicting tourists' POITELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
One of the areas that have challenges in the use of internet of things (IoT) is the field of tourism and travel. The issue here is how to employ this technology to serve the tourism and managing the produced data. This work is focus on the use of tourists' trajectories that are collected from global positioning system (GPS) mobile sensors as a source of information. The aim of work is to predict preferred tourism places for tourists by tracking tourists' behavior to extract the tourism places that have been visited by such tourists. Density based clustering algorithm is mainly used to extract stay points and point of interest (POI). By projecting GPS location (for user and places) on the Google map, the type and name of places favored by the tourists are determined. K nearest neighbor (KNN) algorithm with haversine distance has been adopted to find the nearest places for tourists. The evaluation of the obtained results shows superior and satisfactory performance that can reach the objective behind this work.
Comparative study of user experience on mobile pedestrian navigation between ...IJECEIAES
Fast-paced mobile technology development has permitted augmented reality experiences to be delivered on mobile pedestrian navigation context. The fact that the more prevalent of this technology commonly will substituting the digital map visualization to present the geo-location information is still debatable. This paper comprises a report on a field study comparing about user experience when interacting with different modes of mobile electronic assistance in the context of pedestrian navigation interfaces which utilize location-based augmented reality (AR) and two-dimensional digital map to visualize the points of interest (POIs) location in the vicinity of the user. The study was conducted with two subsequent experiments in the Zhongli District, Taoyuan City, Taiwan. The study involved 10 participants aged between 22 and 28 years with different experiences in using smartphones and navigation systems. Navigation performance was measured based on a usability approach on pragmatic quality and hedonic quality like effectiveness (success rate of task completion), efficiency (task completion time) and satisfaction in real outdoor conditions. The evaluation findings have been cross-checked with the user’s personal comments. We aim at eliciting knowledge about user requirements related to mobile pedestrian interfaces and evaluating user experience from pragmatic and hedonic viewpoints. Results show that in the context of pedestrian navigation, digital map interfaces lead to significantly better navigation performance in pragmatic attributes in comparison to AR interfaces. Nevertheless, the study also reveals that location-based AR is more valued by participants in hedonic qualities and overall performance.
A Survey of Privacy-Preserving Algorithms for Finding meeting point in Mobile...IJERA Editor
Location privacy in Location Based Services (LBS) is the capability to protect the connection between user’s identity, uncertainty sources, servers and database, thereby restraining an impending attacker from conveniently linking users of LBS to convinced locations. Smart Phones have become most important gadget for maintaining the daily activities, highly interconnected urban population is also increasingly dependent on these gadgets to regulate and schedule their daily lives. These applications often depend on current location of user or a class of user. Use of Smart Mapping technology is also increasing in large area; this system provides an easy attainable online platform that can be used for accessing many services. This survey paper projects the privacy-preserving algorithm to find the most favorable meeting location for a class of users. GSM calculates the location of all users.
“Bus Tracking Application” is an application for Smart phones that works on Android Operating system.
This application uses the GPS function.
This application at a specific pickup point will send the current location of the bus to students when they request.
This app generate predictions of bus arrivals at stops along the route.
This application uses a variety of technologies to track the locations of buses in real time.
An android based advisor system for efficient vehicle driving directionseSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Intelligent Bus Tracking System Using AndroidAM Publications
Intelligent bus tracking system using android is an application that tracks a bus and collects the distance to each station. Tracking system involves the installation of an electronic device in a bus, with an installed Android App on any smart phone to enable a user to track the bus location. There are two applications one for server and other for the client. The user can get flexibility of planning travel using the app, to decide on which bus to take or when to catch the bus. The waiting time of the user can be reduced. By using this application user get the information about buses, bus numbers, bus route, bus arrival and bus delay timing information etc [1]. It provides information about which bus coming to the stop. By the presently existing system we are dealing with three terminals, a device on bus, a device at bus stop and a device on the master bus stand so as to keep the track on the all city busses. By employing this tracking system the arrival of the bus is detected near the bus stop and also can be seen on the PC at the master bus stop. GSM modem can also transmit the bus information to the registered mobile numbers. Hence, we can control the bus traffic and can detect the arrival of particular bus at the bus stop.
A developed GPS trajectories data management system for predicting tourists' POITELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
One of the areas that have challenges in the use of internet of things (IoT) is the field of tourism and travel. The issue here is how to employ this technology to serve the tourism and managing the produced data. This work is focus on the use of tourists' trajectories that are collected from global positioning system (GPS) mobile sensors as a source of information. The aim of work is to predict preferred tourism places for tourists by tracking tourists' behavior to extract the tourism places that have been visited by such tourists. Density based clustering algorithm is mainly used to extract stay points and point of interest (POI). By projecting GPS location (for user and places) on the Google map, the type and name of places favored by the tourists are determined. K nearest neighbor (KNN) algorithm with haversine distance has been adopted to find the nearest places for tourists. The evaluation of the obtained results shows superior and satisfactory performance that can reach the objective behind this work.
Comparative study of user experience on mobile pedestrian navigation between ...IJECEIAES
Fast-paced mobile technology development has permitted augmented reality experiences to be delivered on mobile pedestrian navigation context. The fact that the more prevalent of this technology commonly will substituting the digital map visualization to present the geo-location information is still debatable. This paper comprises a report on a field study comparing about user experience when interacting with different modes of mobile electronic assistance in the context of pedestrian navigation interfaces which utilize location-based augmented reality (AR) and two-dimensional digital map to visualize the points of interest (POIs) location in the vicinity of the user. The study was conducted with two subsequent experiments in the Zhongli District, Taoyuan City, Taiwan. The study involved 10 participants aged between 22 and 28 years with different experiences in using smartphones and navigation systems. Navigation performance was measured based on a usability approach on pragmatic quality and hedonic quality like effectiveness (success rate of task completion), efficiency (task completion time) and satisfaction in real outdoor conditions. The evaluation findings have been cross-checked with the user’s personal comments. We aim at eliciting knowledge about user requirements related to mobile pedestrian interfaces and evaluating user experience from pragmatic and hedonic viewpoints. Results show that in the context of pedestrian navigation, digital map interfaces lead to significantly better navigation performance in pragmatic attributes in comparison to AR interfaces. Nevertheless, the study also reveals that location-based AR is more valued by participants in hedonic qualities and overall performance.
A Survey of Privacy-Preserving Algorithms for Finding meeting point in Mobile...IJERA Editor
Location privacy in Location Based Services (LBS) is the capability to protect the connection between user’s identity, uncertainty sources, servers and database, thereby restraining an impending attacker from conveniently linking users of LBS to convinced locations. Smart Phones have become most important gadget for maintaining the daily activities, highly interconnected urban population is also increasingly dependent on these gadgets to regulate and schedule their daily lives. These applications often depend on current location of user or a class of user. Use of Smart Mapping technology is also increasing in large area; this system provides an easy attainable online platform that can be used for accessing many services. This survey paper projects the privacy-preserving algorithm to find the most favorable meeting location for a class of users. GSM calculates the location of all users.
“Bus Tracking Application” is an application for Smart phones that works on Android Operating system.
This application uses the GPS function.
This application at a specific pickup point will send the current location of the bus to students when they request.
This app generate predictions of bus arrivals at stops along the route.
This application uses a variety of technologies to track the locations of buses in real time.
Vertical Fragmentation of Location Information to Enable Location Privacy in ...ijasa
The aim of the development of Pervasive computing was to simplify our lives by integrating
communication technologies into real life. Location aware computing which is evolved from pervasive
computing performs services which are dependent on the location of the user or his communication
device. The advancements in this area have led to major revolutions in various application areas,
especially mass advertisements. It has long been evident that privacy of personal information, in this
case location of the user, is rather a touchy subject with most people. This paper explores the Location
Privacy issue in location aware computing. Vertical fragmentation of the stored location information of
users has been proposed as an effective solution for this issue.
“Bus Tracking Application” is an application for Smart phones that works on Android Operating system. This application uses the GPS function. This application at a specific pickup point will send the current location of the bus to students when they request. This app generate predictions of bus arrivals at stops along the route. This application uses a variety of technologies to track the locations of buses in real time
How to generate a location-independent, scalable, passive income with Amazon...Theodor Berghausen
Do you want to run your own business?
Tired of exchanging your precious time for money?
Sick of the 9-5, corporate rat race thing?
Do you want to earn money, while sleeping or sipping cocktails at the beach?
Do you want to run a business, while being completely location-independent. able to travel the world or just work from your home office?
Do you want to face the challenge to earn a passive income 100 Euro per day until the end of this year?
It's hard work and a long and winding road - but we'll guide you through.
On this meetup you get a deeper insight into the Amazon FBA business model.
You will learn what the current hype about selling physical products on Amazon is all about, and get an overview how this business model works.
You will learn about
- why Amazon FBA is an appealing business model to generate
a location-independent, scalable and passive income
- the requirements to start as a seller on Amazon
- the right mindset to be successful
- pros and cons compared to other e-commerce platforms and
other online business models
- how to research and find the right product and the right
niche
- how to contact and negotiate with suppliers
- how to set up an optimized product listing that converts
- how to get product reviews for social proof
- how to create your own private label brand
- how to set up a strategy to sell outside of Amazon
- an outlook into the future of Amazon FBA: Is the hype over or
just about to begin?
more events on www.meetup.com/codino and www.codino.co
Vertical Fragmentation of Location Information to Enable Location Privacy in ...ijasa
The aim of the development of Pervasive computing was to simplify our lives by integrating
communication technologies into real life. Location aware computing which is evolved from pervasive
computing performs services which are dependent on the location of the user or his communication
device. The advancements in this area have led to major revolutions in various application areas,
especially mass advertisements. It has long been evident that privacy of personal information, in this
case location of the user, is rather a touchy subject with most people. This paper explores the Location
Privacy issue in location aware computing. Vertical fragmentation of the stored location information of
users has been proposed as an effective solution for this issue.
“Bus Tracking Application” is an application for Smart phones that works on Android Operating system. This application uses the GPS function. This application at a specific pickup point will send the current location of the bus to students when they request. This app generate predictions of bus arrivals at stops along the route. This application uses a variety of technologies to track the locations of buses in real time
How to generate a location-independent, scalable, passive income with Amazon...Theodor Berghausen
Do you want to run your own business?
Tired of exchanging your precious time for money?
Sick of the 9-5, corporate rat race thing?
Do you want to earn money, while sleeping or sipping cocktails at the beach?
Do you want to run a business, while being completely location-independent. able to travel the world or just work from your home office?
Do you want to face the challenge to earn a passive income 100 Euro per day until the end of this year?
It's hard work and a long and winding road - but we'll guide you through.
On this meetup you get a deeper insight into the Amazon FBA business model.
You will learn what the current hype about selling physical products on Amazon is all about, and get an overview how this business model works.
You will learn about
- why Amazon FBA is an appealing business model to generate
a location-independent, scalable and passive income
- the requirements to start as a seller on Amazon
- the right mindset to be successful
- pros and cons compared to other e-commerce platforms and
other online business models
- how to research and find the right product and the right
niche
- how to contact and negotiate with suppliers
- how to set up an optimized product listing that converts
- how to get product reviews for social proof
- how to create your own private label brand
- how to set up a strategy to sell outside of Amazon
- an outlook into the future of Amazon FBA: Is the hype over or
just about to begin?
more events on www.meetup.com/codino and www.codino.co
Abstract In today’s world time management is a big task. There could be the possibility that we may forget to do some important and urgent jobs which could results in a negative way for us. Also we have a trend of using smart phones supporting different tools and applications which could make our life simple. Today devices and phones run on many different types of operating systems such as IOS, Android etc. The proposed study is based on android based devices such as smart phones and tablets running on the Android operating system, since Android is designed to be an open source OS it gives a wide opportunity to any developer to develop and try different applications on such devices. In the proposed system we will discuss about the application which provides the service of automatic profile changing based on the user’s location from one to other (e.g. from normal to work mode or vice versa). It uses internet connection and GPS services to learn about the user’s current location and accordingly it updates the profile. Keywords—LBS, anroid OS, profile, GPS.
Implementation of Recommendation on Location Based Servicesijtsrd
Today mobile is very useful thing. It is a need of everybody. In every Era “Location†is a strong component of “Mobility†Location based services LBS are services offered using mobile phone by taking mobile's geographical location. The proposed system is providing location based services and offers with respect to user interest. Vendors are allowed to post and edit an advertisement for users. The system contains various modules such as advertising , Tourist place, Parking place etc. It also provides user's feedback, ranking based suggestion in secured manner. The purpose of this system is to notify the user based on their preferences and their interest in the particular area and notify them using android application. This will lead to lower advertising costs and expenditures also save the time of user for finding the located area of ads with help of GPS. Sagar B. Gite | Harshada A. Gavali | Ajinkya S. Dhongade | Jyotsna G. Gavatade ""Implementation of Recommendation on Location Based Services"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23900.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/23900/implementation-of-recommendation-on-location-based-services/sagar-b-gite
Mobile Device Application to locate an Interest Point using Google MapsEditor IJCATR
Location-based service is a service mechanism that generates geographical location information. This service will certainly
give much benefit as there are many people who would like to find public facilities quickly and easily. The needs to know the
existence of public facilities quickly and easily is of great demands in the society. Based on the above problems, it is necessary to
develop an application that can get any access to the geographical location in mobile phones. Information from this application is
expected to help searching for such public facilities. This Searching for interest point information was read using the Location API in
Xcode IOS 4.2. The resulting information was displayed on the application of the iPhone. From the test results, the information of the
position was influenced by the availability of the information service provider, carrier signal strength, and mobile phone capabilities.
A survey on hiding user privacy in location based services through clusteringeSAT Journals
Abstract Smartphone’s are being more and more popular as the technology being evolve. The Smartphone’s are capable of providing the location aware services like GPS. They share all the location information with the central location server. When user submit any query then these query also carries some personal information of the user. This query and information is then submitted to the LGS server. At the LBS server this information is not much confidential. Someone can use this information to make user panic. To overcome this we are proposing the new collaborative approach to hide user’s personal data from the LBS server. Our approach does not lead to make changes in the architecture of the LBS server. And we are also not going to use the third party server. Here we are going to use the other user’s device to search other users query so that other user can be get hide from the LBS server. Keywords: Mobile networks, location-based services, location privacy, Bayesian inference attacks, epidemic models
Geo location based augmented reality applicationeSAT Journals
Abstract As the inception of mobile app development began, various applications of Augmented Reality that was once only restricted under the avenue of personal computers extended its domain to mobile applications and currently is used in the wide fields of gaming, education, navigation and so on. The exceptional data processing abilities which is possessed by smartphones in concert with its various services such as Global Positioning System (GPS), wireless networks, and compass have authorized Augmented Reality to find a very fruitful proposition in the wide spectrum of navigation based apps. The objective of the proposed work is to structure and design Geo based Augmented Reality application using GART toolkit. The paper initiates with explaining the various components used in a Geo AR app, exploring and explaining the various structure and features of the app and providing a spotlight on the deficiencies and future scope of the targeted developed app [1]. Keywords: Augmented Reality, Global Positioning System, Wireless Network, GART, Geo AR app
Design and Implementation for Trucks Tracking System Using GPS Based on Seman...ijtsrd
This paper proposed design and implementation of trucks tracking system using GPS based on semantic web for vehicle tracking in real time. In-vehicle unit and a tracking server is used. The information is transmitted to tracking server using GSM/GPRS modem on GSM network by using SMS or using direct TCP/IP connection with tracking server through GPRS. The received SMS contain longitude and latitude that are used to locate the vehicle on the Google maps. Tracking server also has GSM/GPRS modem that receives vehicle location information via GSM network and stores this information in database. It has been explored that most of the GPS based tracking systems are user friendly, cost effective, reliable and can be easily validated through different experiments and simulations which means that tracking system will send notifications periodically to the main station about the current position of the vehicle . Moreover those tracking notifications (GPS) will be stored in the database for future revising or generating required reports.. The tracking system will be better for cars, trucks, trailers, railways, containers and boats that can be traced using GPS vehicle tracking. Yasser Ahmed Nada"Design and Implementation for Trucks Tracking System Using GPS Based on Semantic Web" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-4 , June 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd169.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/169/design-and-implementation-for-trucks-tracking-system-using-gps-based-on-semantic-web/yasser-ahmed-nada
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Location Provider with Privacy Using Localized Server and GPS Editor IJCATR
Maps are an essential part of any handheld device and use constantly used for navigation and other resources by application for providing location based data which can be used for customized examination outcomes, however these data are conservatively stowed on a L.B.S Server which are susceptible to attacks and misuse as these data’s are not usually have any significant security so these data’s can be sold or misused by some other parties. We try to eliminate the problem as well as provided added functionality to the conventional maps by providing a customizable map which has the added functionality of offline use mode in addition to the online mode
Android Phone has power to access or fetch data from remote location and provide various facilities to the user. Hence android applications have more and more demand because of its user friendly nature and its power of computation. Many tourist are having problem to search proper tourist places due to communication overhead or less facility of tourist guide. It is impractical to search each and every tourist place at every location. So in order to provide feasible as well as user friendly solution for this problem we develop an android application which will automatically recognize famous and nearby places and send notification to android phone. This application also provides weather recommendation feature which notifies the tourist about weather conditions of the destination before visiting it. All places are properly categorized and also with review or rating. The application also provides facility of vehicle mark to reach your vehicle after site visit. We are using Triangulation method with LBS as well as GPS to track the location of user. And as per his location, relevant list of tourist places will be send in the form of pop up notification.
Similar to Android application to locate and track mobile phones(aaltm) an implementation of location-based services (20)
Mechanical properties of hybrid fiber reinforced concrete for pavementseSAT Journals
Abstract
The effect of addition of mono fibers and hybrid fibers on the mechanical properties of concrete mixture is studied in the present
investigation. Steel fibers of 1% and polypropylene fibers 0.036% were added individually to the concrete mixture as mono fibers and
then they were added together to form a hybrid fiber reinforced concrete. Mechanical properties such as compressive, split tensile and
flexural strength were determined. The results show that hybrid fibers improve the compressive strength marginally as compared to
mono fibers. Whereas, hybridization improves split tensile strength and flexural strength noticeably.
Keywords:-Hybridization, mono fibers, steel fiber, polypropylene fiber, Improvement in mechanical properties.
Material management in construction – a case studyeSAT Journals
Abstract
The objective of the present study is to understand about all the problems occurring in the company because of improper application
of material management. In construction project operation, often there is a project cost variance in terms of the material, equipments,
manpower, subcontractor, overhead cost, and general condition. Material is the main component in construction projects. Therefore,
if the material management is not properly managed it will create a project cost variance. Project cost can be controlled by taking
corrective actions towards the cost variance. Therefore a methodology is used to diagnose and evaluate the procurement process
involved in material management and launch a continuous improvement was developed and applied. A thorough study was carried
out along with study of cases, surveys and interviews to professionals involved in this area. As a result, a methodology for diagnosis
and improvement was proposed and tested in selected projects. The results obtained show that the main problem of procurement is
related to schedule delays and lack of specified quality for the project. To prevent this situation it is often necessary to dedicate
important resources like money, personnel, time, etc. To monitor and control the process. A great potential for improvement was
detected if state of the art technologies such as, electronic mail, electronic data interchange (EDI), and analysis were applied to the
procurement process. These helped to eliminate the root causes for many types of problems that were detected.
Managing drought short term strategies in semi arid regions a case studyeSAT Journals
Abstract
Drought management needs multidisciplinary action. Interdisciplinary efforts among the experts in various fields of the droughts
prone areas are helpful to achieve tangible and permanent solution for this recurring problem. The Gulbarga district having the total
area around 16, 240 sq.km, and accounts 8.45 per cent of the Karnataka state area. The district has been situated with latitude 17º 19'
60" North and longitude of 76 º 49' 60" east. The district is situated entirely on the Deccan plateau positioned at a height of 300 to
750 m above MSL. Sub-tropical, semi-arid type is one among the drought prone districts of Karnataka State. The drought
management is very important for a district like Gulbarga. In this paper various short term strategies are discussed to mitigate the
drought condition in the district.
Keywords: Drought, South-West monsoon, Semi-Arid, Rainfall, Strategies etc.
Life cycle cost analysis of overlay for an urban road in bangaloreeSAT Journals
Abstract
Pavements are subjected to severe condition of stresses and weathering effects from the day they are constructed and opened to traffic
mainly due to its fatigue behavior and environmental effects. Therefore, pavement rehabilitation is one of the most important
components of entire road systems. This paper highlights the design of concrete pavement with added mono fibers like polypropylene,
steel and hybrid fibres for a widened portion of existing concrete pavement and various overlay alternatives for an existing
bituminous pavement in an urban road in Bangalore. Along with this, Life cycle cost analyses at these sections are done by Net
Present Value (NPV) method to identify the most feasible option. The results show that though the initial cost of construction of
concrete overlay is high, over a period of time it prove to be better than the bituminous overlay considering the whole life cycle cost.
The economic analysis also indicates that, out of the three fibre options, hybrid reinforced concrete would be economical without
compromising the performance of the pavement.
Keywords: - Fatigue, Life cycle cost analysis, Net Present Value method, Overlay, Rehabilitation
Laboratory studies of dense bituminous mixes ii with reclaimed asphalt materialseSAT Journals
Abstract
The issue of growing demand on our nation’s roadways over that past couple of decades, decreasing budgetary funds, and the need to
provide a safe, efficient, and cost effective roadway system has led to a dramatic increase in the need to rehabilitate our existing
pavements and the issue of building sustainable road infrastructure in India. With these emergency of the mentioned needs and this
are today’s burning issue and has become the purpose of the study.
In the present study, the samples of existing bituminous layer materials were collected from NH-48(Devahalli to Hassan) site.The
mixtures were designed by Marshall Method as per Asphalt institute (MS-II) at 20% and 30% Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP).
RAP material was blended with virgin aggregate such that all specimens tested for the, Dense Bituminous Macadam-II (DBM-II)
gradation as per Ministry of Roads, Transport, and Highways (MoRT&H) and cost analysis were carried out to know the economics.
Laboratory results and analysis showed the use of recycled materials showed significant variability in Marshall Stability, and the
variability increased with the increase in RAP content. The saving can be realized from utilization of recycled materials as per the
methodology, the reduction in the total cost is 19%, 30%, comparing with the virgin mixes.
Keywords: Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement, Marshall Stability, MS-II, Dense Bituminous Macadam-II
Laboratory investigation of expansive soil stabilized with natural inorganic ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Soil stabilization has proven to be one of the oldest techniques to improve the soil properties. Literature review conducted revealed
that uses of natural inorganic stabilizers are found to be one of the best options for soil stabilization. In this regard an attempt has
been made to evaluate the influence of RBI-81 stabilizer on properties of black cotton soil through laboratory investigations. Black
cotton soil with varying percentages of RBI-81 viz., 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5 percent were studied for moisture density relationships
and strength behaviour of soils. Also the effect of curing period was evaluated as literature review clearly emphasized the strength
gain of soils stabilized with RBI-81 over a period of time. The results obtained shows that the unconfined compressive strength of
specimens treated with RBI-81 increased approximately by 250% for a curing period of 28 days as compared to virgin soil. Further
the CBR value improved approximately by 400%. The studies indicated an increasing trend for soil strength behaviour with
increasing percentage of RBI-81 suggesting its potential applications in soil stabilization.
Influence of reinforcement on the behavior of hollow concrete block masonry p...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Reinforced masonry was developed to exploit the strength potential of masonry and to solve its lack of tensile strength. Experimental
and analytical studies have been carried out to investigate the effect of reinforcement on the behavior of hollow concrete block
masonry prisms under compression and to predict ultimate failure compressive strength. In the numerical program, three dimensional
non-linear finite elements (FE) model based on the micro-modeling approach is developed for both unreinforced and reinforced
masonry prisms using ANSYS (14.5). The proposed FE model uses multi-linear stress-strain relationships to model the non-linear
behavior of hollow concrete block, mortar, and grout. Willam-Warnke’s five parameter failure theory has been adopted to model the
failure of masonry materials. The comparison of the numerical and experimental results indicates that the FE models can successfully
capture the highly nonlinear behavior of the physical specimens and accurately predict their strength and failure mechanisms.
Keywords: Structural masonry, Hollow concrete block prism, grout, Compression failure, Finite element method,
Numerical modeling.
Influence of compaction energy on soil stabilized with chemical stabilizereSAT Journals
Abstract
Increase in traffic along with heavier magnitude of wheel loads cause rapid deterioration in pavements. There is a need to improve
density, strength of soil subgrade and other pavement layers. In this study an attempt is made to improve the properties of locally
available loamy soil using twin approaches viz., i) increasing the compaction of soil and ii) treating the soil with chemical stabilizer.
Laboratory studies are carried out on both untreated and treated soil samples compacted by different compaction efforts. Studies
show that increase in compaction effort results in increase in density of soil. However in soil treated with chemical stabilizer, rate of
increase in density is not significant. The soil treated with chemical stabilizer exhibits improvement in both strength and performance
properties.
Keywords: compaction, density, subgradestabilization, resilient modulus
Geographical information system (gis) for water resources managementeSAT Journals
Abstract
Water resources projects are inherited with overlapping and at times conflicting objectives. These projects are often of varied sizes
ranging from major projects with command areas of millions of hectares to very small projects implemented at the local level. Thus,
in all these projects there is seldom proper coordination which is essential for ensuring collective sustainability.
Integrated watershed development and management is the accepted answer but in turn requires a comprehensive framework that can
enable planning process involving all the stakeholders at different levels and scales is compulsory. Such a unified hydrological
framework is essential to evaluate the cause and effect of all the proposed actions within the drainage basins.
The present paper describes a hydrological framework developed in the form of a Hydrologic Information System (HIS) which is
intended to meet the specific information needs of the various line departments of a typical State connected with water related aspects.
The HIS consist of a hydrologic information database coupled with tools for collating primary and secondary data and tools for
analyzing and visualizing the data and information. The HIS also incorporates hydrological model base for indirect assessment of
various entities of water balance in space and time. The framework would be maintained and updated to reflect fully the most
accurate ground truth data and the infrastructure requirements for planning and management.
Keywords: Hydrological Information System (HIS); WebGIS; Data Model; Web Mapping Services
Forest type mapping of bidar forest division, karnataka using geoinformatics ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
The study demonstrate the potentiality of satellite remote sensing technique for the generation of baseline information on forest types
including tree plantation details in Bidar forest division, Karnataka covering an area of 5814.60Sq.Kms. The Total Area of Bidar
forest division is 5814Sq.Kms analysis of the satellite data in the study area reveals that about 84% of the total area is Covered by
crop land, 1.778% of the area is covered by dry deciduous forest, 1.38 % of mixed plantation, which is very threatening to the
environmental stability of the forest, future plantation site has been mapped. With the use of latest Geo-informatics technology proper
and exact condition of the trees can be observed and necessary precautions can be taken for future plantation works in an appropriate
manner
Keywords:-RS, GIS, GPS, Forest Type, Tree Plantation
Factors influencing compressive strength of geopolymer concreteeSAT Journals
Abstract
To study effects of several factors on the properties of fly ash based geopolymer concrete on the compressive strength and also the
cost comparison with the normal concrete. The test variables were molarities of sodium hydroxide(NaOH) 8M,14M and 16M, ratio of
NaOH to sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) 1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5, alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio 0.35 and 0.40 and replacement of water in
Na2SiO3 solution by 10%, 20% and 30% were used in the present study. The test results indicated that the highest compressive
strength 54 MPa was observed for 16M of NaOH, ratio of NaOH to Na2SiO3 2.5 and alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio of 0.35. Lowest
compressive strength of 27 MPa was observed for 8M of NaOH, ratio of NaOH to Na2SiO3 is 1 and alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio of
0.40. Alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio of 0.35, water replacement of 10% and 30% for 8 and 16 molarity of NaOH and has resulted in
compressive strength of 36 MPa and 20 MPa respectively. Superplasticiser dosage of 2 % by weight of fly ash has given higher
strength in all cases.
Keywords: compressive strength, alkaline liquid, fly ash
Experimental investigation on circular hollow steel columns in filled with li...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Composite Circular hollow Steel tubes with and without GFRP infill for three different grades of Light weight concrete are tested for
ultimate load capacity and axial shortening , under Cyclic loading. Steel tubes are compared for different lengths, cross sections and
thickness. Specimens were tested separately after adopting Taguchi’s L9 (Latin Squares) Orthogonal array in order to save the initial
experimental cost on number of specimens and experimental duration. Analysis was carried out using ANN (Artificial Neural
Network) technique with the assistance of Mini Tab- a statistical soft tool. Comparison for predicted, experimental & ANN output is
obtained from linear regression plots. From this research study, it can be concluded that *Cross sectional area of steel tube has most
significant effect on ultimate load carrying capacity, *as length of steel tube increased- load carrying capacity decreased & *ANN
modeling predicted acceptable results. Thus ANN tool can be utilized for predicting ultimate load carrying capacity for composite
columns.
Keywords: Light weight concrete, GFRP, Artificial Neural Network, Linear Regression, Back propagation, orthogonal
Array, Latin Squares
Experimental behavior of circular hsscfrc filled steel tubular columns under ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
This paper presents an outlook on experimental behavior and a comparison with predicted formula on the behaviour of circular
concentrically loaded self-consolidating fibre reinforced concrete filled steel tube columns (HSSCFRC). Forty-five specimens were
tested. The main parameters varied in the tests are: (1) percentage of fiber (2) tube diameter or width to wall thickness ratio (D/t
from 15 to 25) (3) L/d ratio from 2.97 to 7.04 the results from these predictions were compared with the experimental data. The
experimental results) were also validated in this study.
Keywords: Self-compacting concrete; Concrete-filled steel tube; axial load behavior; Ultimate capacity.
Evaluation of punching shear in flat slabseSAT Journals
Abstract
Flat-slab construction has been widely used in construction today because of many advantages that it offers. The basic philosophy in
the design of flat slab is to consider only gravity forces; this method ignores the effect of punching shear due to unbalanced moments
at the slab column junction which is critical. An attempt has been made to generate generalized design sheets which accounts both
punching shear due to gravity loads and unbalanced moments for cases (a) interior column; (b) edge column (bending perpendicular
to shorter edge); (c) edge column (bending parallel to shorter edge); (d) corner column. These design sheets are prepared as per
codal provisions of IS 456-2000. These design sheets will be helpful in calculating the shear reinforcement to be provided at the
critical section which is ignored in many design offices. Apart from its usefulness in evaluating punching shear and the necessary
shear reinforcement, the design sheets developed will enable the designer to fix the depth of flat slab during the initial phase of the
design.
Keywords: Flat slabs, punching shear, unbalanced moment.
Evaluation of performance of intake tower dam for recent earthquake in indiaeSAT Journals
Abstract
Intake towers are typically tall, hollow, reinforced concrete structures and form entrance to reservoir outlet works. A parametric
study on dynamic behavior of circular cylindrical towers can be carried out to study the effect of depth of submergence, wall thickness
and slenderness ratio, and also effect on tower considering dynamic analysis for time history function of different soil condition and
by Goyal and Chopra accounting interaction effects of added hydrodynamic mass of surrounding and inside water in intake tower of
dam
Key words: Hydrodynamic mass, Depth of submergence, Reservoir, Time history analysis,
Evaluation of operational efficiency of urban road network using travel time ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Efficiency of the road network system is analyzed by travel time reliability measures. The study overlooks on an important measure of
travel time reliability and prioritizing Tiruchirappalli road network. Traffic volume and travel time were collected using license plate
matching method. Travel time measures were estimated from average travel time and 95th travel time. Effect of non-motorized vehicle
on efficiency of road system was evaluated. Relation between buffer time index and traffic volume was created. Travel time model has
been developed and travel time measure was validated. Then service quality of road sections in network were graded based on
travel time reliability measures.
Keywords: Buffer Time Index (BTI); Average Travel Time (ATT); Travel Time Reliability (TTR); Buffer Time (BT).
Estimation of surface runoff in nallur amanikere watershed using scs cn methodeSAT Journals
Abstract
The development of watershed aims at productive utilization of all the available natural resources in the entire area extending from
ridge line to stream outlet. The per capita availability of land for cultivation has been decreasing over the years. Therefore, water and
the related land resources must be developed, utilized and managed in an integrated and comprehensive manner. Remote sensing and
GIS techniques are being increasingly used for planning, management and development of natural resources. The study area, Nallur
Amanikere watershed geographically lies between 110 38’ and 110 52’ N latitude and 760 30’ and 760 50’ E longitude with an area of
415.68 Sq. km. The thematic layers such as land use/land cover and soil maps were derived from remotely sensed data and overlayed
through ArcGIS software to assign the curve number on polygon wise. The daily rainfall data of six rain gauge stations in and around
the watershed (2001-2011) was used to estimate the daily runoff from the watershed using Soil Conservation Service - Curve Number
(SCS-CN) method. The runoff estimated from the SCS-CN model was then used to know the variation of runoff potential with different
land use/land cover and with different soil conditions.
Keywords: Watershed, Nallur watershed, Surface runoff, Rainfall-Runoff, SCS-CN, Remote Sensing, GIS.
Estimation of morphometric parameters and runoff using rs & gis techniqueseSAT Journals
Abstract
Land and water are the two vital natural resources, the optimal management of these resources with minimum adverse environmental
impact are essential not only for sustainable development but also for human survival. Satellite remote sensing with geographic
information system has a pragmatic approach to map and generate spatial input layers of predicting response behavior and yield of
watershed. Hence, in the present study an attempt has been made to understand the hydrological process of the catchment at the
watershed level by drawing the inferences from moprhometric analysis and runoff. The study area chosen for the present study is
Yagachi catchment situated in Chickamaglur and Hassan district lies geographically at a longitude 75⁰52’08.77”E and
13⁰10’50.77”N latitude. It covers an area of 559.493 Sq.km. Morphometric analysis is carried out to estimate morphometric
parameters at Micro-watershed to understand the hydrological response of the catchment at the Micro-watershed level. Daily runoff
is estimated using USDA SCS curve number model for a period of 10 years from 2001 to 2010. The rainfall runoff relationship of the
study shows there is a positive correlation.
Keywords: morphometric analysis, runoff, remote sensing and GIS, SCS - method
-
Effect of variation of plastic hinge length on the results of non linear anal...eSAT Journals
Abstract The nonlinear Static procedure also well known as pushover analysis is method where in monotonically increasing loads are applied to the structure till the structure is unable to resist any further load. It is a popular tool for seismic performance evaluation of existing and new structures. In literature lot of research has been carried out on conventional pushover analysis and after knowing deficiency efforts have been made to improve it. But actual test results to verify the analytically obtained pushover results are rarely available. It has been found that some amount of variation is always expected to exist in seismic demand prediction of pushover analysis. Initial study is carried out by considering user defined hinge properties and default hinge length. Attempt is being made to assess the variation of pushover analysis results by considering user defined hinge properties and various hinge length formulations available in literature and results compared with experimentally obtained results based on test carried out on a G+2 storied RCC framed structure. For the present study two geometric models viz bare frame and rigid frame model is considered and it is found that the results of pushover analysis are very sensitive to geometric model and hinge length adopted. Keywords: Pushover analysis, Base shear, Displacement, hinge length, moment curvature analysis
Effect of use of recycled materials on indirect tensile strength of asphalt c...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Depletion of natural resources and aggregate quarries for the road construction is a serious problem to procure materials. Hence
recycling or reuse of material is beneficial. On emphasizing development in sustainable construction in the present era, recycling of
asphalt pavements is one of the effective and proven rehabilitation processes. For the laboratory investigations reclaimed asphalt
pavement (RAP) from NH-4 and crumb rubber modified binder (CRMB-55) was used. Foundry waste was used as a replacement to
conventional filler. Laboratory tests were conducted on asphalt concrete mixes with 30, 40, 50, and 60 percent replacement with RAP.
These test results were compared with conventional mixes and asphalt concrete mixes with complete binder extracted RAP
aggregates. Mix design was carried out by Marshall Method. The Marshall Tests indicated highest stability values for asphalt
concrete (AC) mixes with 60% RAP. The optimum binder content (OBC) decreased with increased in RAP in AC mixes. The Indirect
Tensile Strength (ITS) for AC mixes with RAP also was found to be higher when compared to conventional AC mixes at 300C.
Keywords: Reclaimed asphalt pavement, Foundry waste, Recycling, Marshall Stability, Indirect tensile strength.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Gen AI Study Jams _ For the GDSC Leads in India.pdf
Android application to locate and track mobile phones(aaltm) an implementation of location-based services
1. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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Volume: 04 Issue: 05 | May-2015, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 387
ANDROID APPLICATION TO LOCATE AND TRACK MOBILE
PHONES(AALTM)- AN IMPLEMENTATION OF LOCATION-BASED
SERVICES
Lovely June Sanglyne1
1
MCA Student, Department of Computer Science & Engineering and Information Technology, School of Technology-
Assam Don Bosco University, Assam, India
Abstract
With the advancement of technology and modern science, people are expecting information about the location of any object for
tracking purposes. GPS is a system which has been implemented and is accessible without any restriction. Having the facility of
GPS, we need a GPS device to calculate the location from the information taken from GPS. This paper presents a study on
Location Based Services and is directed on locating and tracking of Android devices. In this implementation I am using Global
Positioning System (GPS) and Web Services, and android smart phone device since Android devices have a built-in feature of
GPS service. Some latest demanding tools and technology used for this implementation are Java, AVD, WAMP etc.
Keywords: Location Based Services; Global Positioning System (GPS); location; path
--------------------------------------------------------------------***----------------------------------------------------------------------
1. INTRODUCTION
A Location-Based Service (LBS) provides information and
service of the geographical position of the mobile device
.This can be done through the mobile network and utilizing
the ability to make use of that information .In order to
determine the location of user's mobile device in a LBS
application , positioning technologies or a positioning
component such as satellite positioning, cellular network
positioning, WLAN stations or radio beacons is required.
Hence most of the current LBS services do not require users
to input location manually, such as providing street name or
zip code.
Service providers are also required since they offer different
kinds of LBS services to users and are responsible for
processing service requests and responds back by sending
request results. Servers can calculate locations or position,
search for a path or route travelled, or search specific
information regarding user‟s position. Usually all the
information requested by users are not store and maintain
by the Service providers, geographic data are collect and
stored by content provider. Informations such as Location-
based and other related data are also collect and store by the
content provider. Service servers will requests and process
these data and then returned to users.
Some examples of location based services [2] are:
To determine the nearest business or service, such
as an Bank ,Restaurants, Hotels, etc
Receiving alerts or notifications, such as
notification of Sale in Shopping Malls or news of
Traffic Jam in nearby area.
Searching friends or tracking the location of the
stolen phone or lost phone.
Fig 1 LBS components and Service Process
2. ARCHITECTURE OF LOCATION BASED
SERVICES
The architecture of LBS can be generalized as shown below:
Fig 2 Architecture of the Location Based Services
2. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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Volume: 04 Issue: 05 | May-2015, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 388
The architecture of LBS consists of five components:
1) LBS Application: This represents some application
such This consists of Smartphone component,
which has a number of sensors, and potentially a
server component that includes application-specific
data (such as location-tagged information).
2) LBS Middleware: The Core LBS Features such as
Location Tracking, GIS Provider and Location
Collection Services are accessible through a
consistent interface provided by the LBS
Middleware to the LBS applications.
3) Location Tracking: This component stores the
location trace of individual users and contains the
data that allows a user‟s route to be determined and
potentially predicted.
4) GIS (Geographic Information System) Provider:
This component provides geospatial functionality
for many LBSs such as map information, map
visualization and directory services. Google Maps
with its API can be considered a GIS provider.
5) For many LBSs ,the geospatial functionality such
as map information, map visualization and
directory services are being provided by the GIS
provider. Google Maps with its API can be
considered a GIS provider.
6) Location Collection Service: To get a latitude and
longitude for a specific user,the Location
Collection Service is use. The Location Collection
Service component is accessible via the LBS
Middleware (such as mobile network triangulation
via a service provider) or directly (e.g., via GPS
receiver in the Smartphone) depending on the
technology.
3. ELEMENTS OF LOCATION-BASED
SERVICES MENTS OF LOCATION-BASED
SERVICES
Location-based services is used to describe the different
technologies used to find a device current location. Android
provides access to the above components to facilitate the
implementation of LBS services through the help of the four
main LBS elements.
The different technologies used to find a device current
location can be described by using a Location-based
service(s). The four main LBS elements facilitates the
implementation of LBS services components (mentioned in
section A) which is accessible through Android .
This section explains the four main LBS elements:
1) Location Manager: This element provides access to
the location-based services. The following are some
of the application of the location Manager :
Obtain the current Location
Track movement .
Detect movement into and out of a specified
area.
Find available Location Providers.
2) Location Providers: These represent different
technology which are used to determine the
device‟s current location or location-finding and
provides periodic reports on the geographical
location. It also determines the physical location,
that is, handle GIS. , Location Provider component
of Android application facilitates the determination
of the available provider(s) and the selection of
appropriate one among these available provider(s).
The static variables defined in the Location
Manager class can be accessed directly by GPS
provider and Network provider.GPS and network
providers are two different ways to get Android
device location (latitude and longitude). Both have
their own advantages and we may have to use both
synchronous.
GPS gives the exact location of where we are
standing .However in indoor situations GPS
may not provide the location quickly .
Network location provider use mobile
connectivity provider and will give the nearest
tower location.
If the GPS is not enabled passive provider
return coarse fixes.
3) Geocoding: Geocoding can be done in two
different ways. That is, reverse geocoding can
forward geocoding. Conversion of geographical
coordinates (longitude, latitude) into street address
can be done using reverse geocoding whereas
conversion of street address into geographical
coordinates can be done using reverse geocoding.
Reverse geocoding uses getLatitude() and
getLongitude () to get the geographical coordinates.
4) Google-Map: Android provides a number of
objects to handle maps in LBS system like
MapView which displays the map.
4. OBJECTIVES
The objective of the Real Time Location Tracking system is
to serve people a more effective location based tracking
facility.
In real life, this system is helpful in situations such as the
managing a group of people going for a trip or a tour
whereby the management is little tough because it is quite
impossible to restrict the movement of all participants. This
system can help the management team to track their
previous location and where they are now.
5. FUNCTIONS OF THE SYSYTEM
The Location-based tracking system using GPS and Web
services via Android devices consists of two sections:
5.1 Smartphone User Function
The client has the ability to acquired his/her location and
record his/her footprints on a website that is monitored by
the administrator on the server side.
3. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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Volume: 04 Issue: 05 | May-2015, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 389
The following are the facilities for each user.
Registration.
Acquire his/her location.
His/her location will be automatically record on a website.
5.2 Administrator Function
The administrator function has the facility on his PC to “sit
and observe” the location of multiple users. The
administrator has the ability to track the location the user
had visited, and view the path displayed on the Google Map.
That is, monitoring the recorded footprints of each user
individually on a computer screen. The application provides
the administrator with the most recent location update.
Unnecessary records can also be removed by the
administrator.
The following are the facilities for an admin
Login/Logout.
Delete or remove user(s) records whenever
necessary.
Can access the user(s) location.
Can access the user travelling path.
6. REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS
Table 1: Software Requirements
Developer End Deployment End
Java Development
Kit(JDK)
IDE: Eclipse Android OS: Gingerbread &
Above
Android SDK 4.2.2 Virtual Android(Emulator)
MYSQL Database Google Play Service API
Table 2: Hardware Requirements
System Tablet
Processor: P IV or higher. Android based tablet/
Smartphone
RAM 512 MB free space.
Hard disk: 2.0 GB free hard
drive space.
Standard Keyboard
Monitor
7. SYSYTEM DESIGN
7.1 Modular Design
The whole system is divided into two parts, the user and the
admin section. The following are the modular designs for
these parts of the system .
Fig. 3.(a) Modular Design for user
Fig.3.(b) Modular Design for Admin
7.2 Use Case Diagram
There are two components that helps understand the use
case diagram. Those are,
Actor: represents a user using the system. An actor
in the use case diagram specifies a role played by
a user or any other system that interacts with the
subject.
Use-case: represents the set of acts that a user
might perform while using the system. They are
used to describe characteristic or properties of an
entity.
Fig.4.Symbol of Actor and use-case
Fig.5(a). Use case Diagram for a user.
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Fig.5(b). Use case Diagram for a Admin.
7.3 Data Flow Diagram
Fig.6(a). Level-0 Data Flow Diagram.
Fig.6(b). Level-1 Data Flow Diagram.
7.4 State Diagram Design
Fig.7. State Diagram
8. IMPLEMENTATION AND RESULTS
The application has been tested in different android devices.
The data is accessing and sending to the web server upon the
availability of Internet connection. This application works
even if the GPS setting is off, but internet connection should
be available. These are happening on background without
any notification to the user.
8.1 Snapshots for the Client (Smartphone User
Function)
Fig.8(a). User Registration.
Admin
include
include
Login
Delete Users
<- - - - >
Find User‟s
Path Get Path
<- - - - >
Get User‟s
locationFind User‟s
Location
5. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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The client can register by providing a Username when the
application is run for the first time. The next time the user
wants to run the application, this interface(Figure 8(a)) will
not be visible anymore since it is running in the background.
Fig.8(b). Getting location by the user.
Figure 8(b) displays the current location of the user. It
includes the geographical locations (Latitude and
Longitude) and street address.
8.2 Snapshots for the Server (Administrative
Function)
Fig.9 (a). Login Page for the Administrator.
In Figure 9(a) we can see the login page or the home page
for the admin which is at the server side. The admin has the
authority to login and view or delete user(s) location‟s
details when required. The user(s) location stored in the
database will be displayed on the Google map.
Fig.9(b).Record of a user.
Figure 9(b) and 9(c) displays all records available in the
database. The information includes the serial number and
the current location of the user such as Latitude, Longitude.
Each record has a unique Id number. In Figure 9(b) only one
record of a user is being displayed since there is only user
being monitor by the admin. If there is more than one record
then all the records with unique ID will be displayed as
shown in Figure 9(c).
Fig.9(c).Records of multiple users .
One of the administrative function is to delete record(s).For
example,as shown in figure 9(d), there are five records of
users with unique UserID . The admin can delete the record
of a particular user by clicking on the „Delete‟ as shown in
the rightmost label. Figure 9(e) shows the remaining records
after deleting one record.
6. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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Volume: 04 Issue: 05 | May-2015, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 392
Fig.9(d).Deleting record.
Fig.9(e.)After deleting one record.
Another administrative function is to access the location of
each user and their travelled path. The admin can click on
the provided link (see Figure 9(f))to view the user
location(s) on the map.As shown in figure 9(g),the location
visited by the user is shown in the map by a marker point,
for each location. The travelled path is shown by a line
joining the markers in the map. The exact location visited by
the user according to the date and time is shown in the table
below the map. This location will change and update
accordingly when the user changed the location or moved
from one place to another.
Fig.9(f). Clicking the „view on map‟ to access Location of a
user in a Google Map.
Fig.9(g).Accessing user locations and paths in a Google
Map .
7. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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Volume: 04 Issue: 05 | May-2015, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 393
Fig.9(h). Displaying Location details for each user in a
Google Map .
REFERENCES
[1]. K.Virrantaus,J. Markkula, A.Garmash, V.Terziyan,
J.Veijalainen, A.Katanosov, and H.Tirri, Developing
gissupported location-based services. In Web Information
Systems Engineering (2001), IEEE,pp. 66_75.
[2]. http://developer.android.com/tools/devices/index.html
[3]. http://www8.garmin.com/aboutGPS/
[4]. http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/ibm/library/i-lbs