The document discusses Global Positioning Systems (GPS). It provides information on how GPS works using satellites, GPS receiving devices, and applications of GPS in various industries like transportation, sports, healthcare and business. It also outlines advantages of GPS such as ability to track locations anywhere in the world. Limitations including satellite geometry, multipath errors and reliance on technology are mentioned. The future of GPS is discussed including increased usage, indoor maps, augmented reality and applications like Google Sky Map.

1. Global Positioning Systems
Group 9
ICT 3002 – Human Computer Interaction
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported

2. Group Members
Name Index No
W.A.L.T.C Weliwita 10020721
M.A.T.N Manorathna 10020731
B.J Lakmali 10020756
D.P.P.D Pathirana 10020764
S.L Siriwardana 10020772

3. Contents
 About GPS
 How GPS works
 GPS receiving devices
 Applications of GPS
 Advantages of GPS
 Limitations of GPS
 Future of GPS

4. About GPS
• Also called “NAVSTAR”
• Invented and released by American Department of
Defense (DOD)
• Satellite based navigation system
• Allows to determine exact location, time and velocity
under all weather conditions and anywhere in the
world.

5. How it works
• GPS satellites are placed on the orbit around the
Earth
• Each satellite continually transmits signals.
(messages included the position and the time )
• Signals are received by the GPS receivers
• Receivers calculate its positions by using Navigation
Equations

6. How it works
1 Distance from
satellites needs
to be known
4 Correct for atmospheric
and ionospheric errors
3 Need to know
Satellite position
2 Accurate
(Atomic)
Clocks are
required

7. GPS Structure
• Composed of GPS
satellites orbited above
the earth.
Space
Segment
• Composed of a master
control station
(MCS), an alternate
master control
station, four dedicated
ground antennas and
six dedicated monitor
stations.
Control
segment
• Composed of GPS
Precise Positioning
Service and GPS
Standard Positioning
Service.
User
Segment

8. GPS options for mobile computing
4/6/13
• There are some basic options available when
choosing a GPS receiver for mobile computing
application.
• The option we choose will depend on how we plan to
use GPS in the field.

9. “Snap-on” GPS Receivers
4/6/13
• Designed to attach to the mobile computer and have
a physical connection to the device.
• Power for the GPS receiver is received and GPS
data is transmitted to the device through a serial port
on the mobile computer.

10. Wireless GPS Receivers
4/6/13
These are designed to capture GPS data and
transmit it to a handheld computer wirelessly using a
protocol.

11. Wireless GPS Receivers
4/6/13
 Bluetooth GPS
• One of the unique features of this Bluetooth GPS
receiver is that it can function as both a real-time
GPS receiver and a data logger at the same time.
• This allows the GPS receiver to be used
simultaneously for real-time applications, such as
navigation or location stamping, and logging
applications.

12. Wireless GPS Receivers
4/6/13
 iGPS (Infrared GPS)
• This is a large scale metrology solution that transforms
large production facilities into accurate metrology-
enabled areas.
• Within the facility, an unlimited number of handheld
measurement probes or tracking sensors can operate
concurrently.

13. Serial GPS Receivers
4/6/13
• These receivers feature an external antenna that is
placed on the roof of the vehicle and cabled directly to
the cradle.
• GPS data is available to the handheld when docked in
the cradle.
• Serial GPS receivers provide cost savings when there is
only a need for GPS when the handheld computer is in
the vehicle.

14. Industries which uses GPS
 Land survey
 Marine
 Transportation
 Business industry
 Sports
 Healthcare Industry

15. GPS in sports
 Golf
 Golfers use GPS devices to
 Determine the distances to the hole
 Identify hazards / disturbances to the hole
 Determine distance to front/middle/back of the green
yardages
 Provide score statistics
 Upload and share score statistics to the internet

16. GPS in sports
 Golf GPS device types
 GPS golf watch
This is a easy to use GPS golf watch
provides users with a graphic of the
golf ground.
 Hand-held Golf GPS Device
This is a hand held lightweight device with a
touch screen. This device offers bright and
clear graphics, and a simple interface
accessed through the touch screen.

17. GPS in sports
 Athletes
 Australian company ha made a new GPS device to
trainers and coaches to know their players movements
 It can wear on players shoulder blades
 This device is used in sports such as rugby, football
and hockey
 Uses of the device
 Track players’ positions
 Analyze patterns of movements
 Detect collusions between players

18. GPS in sports
 Cycling
 Earlier days cyclists used GPS devices just to
track their location.
 Now a days there are many uses including
 Share course track information with
teammates
 Analyze statistics regarding max
speed, average speed and lap times.
 Monitor health of rider
 Provides evidences which helps in accidents

19. GPS in Business Industry
 Location based Marketing
 There are many customers who uses smart phones/
tablets to shop online.
 Companies introduced location-based mobile ad
platforms like Geoware
 Use real-time location data (distance from the nearest
retail location ) to deliver specific dynamic messages to
the user
 Mainly mobile campaigns in the grocery, political,
healthcare, lottery and education industries uses
location information

20. GPS in Business Industry
 Location based Marketing

21. Advantages of GPS
4/6/13
• A GPS system in a mobile, car, boat, plane or
haversack make sure that we are never lost
– Easy to navigate as it tells the direction for each turns
we take or we have to take to reach to our destination
• Can keep track of other things
– GPS Tracking shows exactly where your device is so
you can go and recover it.
– Delivery companies are can track where its delivery
trucks are and can track goods at any point of time
– Parents can track their children with GPS tracking as
lots of children have mobile phones

22. Advantages of GPS
4/6/13
• GPS helps for constructional and development
– Use to detect structural problems in buildings and roads
• Supports for emergency relief
– To predict disasters like earthquakes
• Works in all weather - Do not need to worry of the climate
• Costs very low in comparison other navigation systems
and very easy to integrate into other technologies like cell
phone
• GPS has 100% coverage on the planet

23. Advantages of GPS
4/6/13
• Helps to search the nearby places such as
restaurants, hotels and gas stations
• This system is updated frequently by the US
government and therefore is very advance
• Best navigating system in water
• GPS receivers are more durable, have a better
battery life, do not rely on cell towers, typically have
more features, and mapping is always available

24. Limitations of GPS
 Satellite Geometry
 About where the satellites are located relative to each
others.
 Accuracy of the position measurement depends on
where the satellites are located from the perspective of
the GPS receiver.

25. Limitations of GPS
 Multipath
 Cause by GPS signals being reflected form surfaces
near the GPS antenna.
 Can get an accurate measurement by the signal from
GPS satellite travel directly to the GPS antenna.

26. Limitations of GPS
 Propagation Delay and Internal Clock Errors
 due to atmospheric effects can also affect accuracy as
well as internal clock errors.
 GPS receiver is designed to make up for these effects
and will do so quite efficiently.
 In space, radio signals travel at the speed of light, but
they are significantly slower once they enter our
atmosphere.

27. Limitations of GPS
 Aerial damage
 If the aerial or the wire connecting it to the receiver is
damaged you will not get a signal.
 Should consider about
 Carrying at least 1 spare receiver or aerial
 If it is battery powered make sure have a plenty of spare
batteries.

28. Limitations of GPS
 Relying On Technology
 some people may rely on their devise too often.
 Use your sense, your sensibility and your knowledge
contained in the best computer of your brain instead of
the GPS in your car.
 Some people may turn on their navigation systems
even go to a more common places.

29. Limitations of GPS
 Losing Independence And Trust Issues
 This will more effect to a drivers.
 Companies install GPS systems in vehicles no longer
they can use them for their private reasons.
 It may cause to become dissatisfied employees.

30. Limitations of GPS
 GPS info cannot be traced
 Many people don’t use GPS under the false impression
that satellite technology can trace your where about.
 A GPS unit is only a receiver, capturing location
information and it doesn't send a signal out.
 GPS unit will not enable authorities to find you.

31. Future of GPS
Some statistics,
 ABI Research figures predict the number of GPS users
will increase to 370 million by 2015
 57 million new GPS users recorded this year.
 46% of mobile phone users use location based services
 27% of companies worldwide planned to implement
location-based marketing in 2013
 50% of Smartphone shoppers use a GPS/mapping app
to find a retail location

32. Future of GPS
 Indoor maps
 Google has announced location based floor plans
 This helps to track the locations even inside a building
 Users can upload pictures of their floor plans
 Line up the floor plan with satellite images in Google
Maps.
 So other users also can use this floor plans

33. Future of GPS
 Indoor maps

34. Future of GPS
 Augmented reality & GPS
 There are new mobile applications like Junaio and Layar
which provide displaying location details on exact objects
taken from smart phone camera
 Also there is a company called Hover who is augmenting
3-D maps of urban areas

35. Future of GPS
 Augmented Reality & GPS

36. Future of GPS
 Google Sky Map
 Sky map helps to find stars and planets on the night sky
 The app utilizes mobile phone’s GPS and sensors to
show the exact stars in your location
 just open the Sky Map and point it in the direction of the
star
 The app will show you the name of the star you are
looking at

37. Future of GPS
 Google Sky Map

38. References
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Positioning_System.ht
ml
 http://www.gizmowatch.com/entry/gps-sports-innovate-a-
gps-device-for-athletes/
 http://espn.go.com/blog/playbook/tech/post/_/id/2328/golf
-gps-devices-a-comprehensive-guide
 http://bike-gps-review.toptenreviews.com/five-reasons-
cyclists-need-a-bike-gps.html
 http://www.digby.com/mobile-statistics/
 http://www.raizlabs.com/blog/2008/03/03/augmented-
reality-gps/
 www.linkspoint.com/docs/GPS_Choices_WP.pdf

39. References
• http://vmt-gmbh.de/igps-industrie-messung.html?&L=1
• http://science.opposingviews.com/advantages-gps-
17559.html
• http://www.mobiledevicemanager.com/device-
tracking/advantages-gps-tracking/
• http://www.articlesbase.com/gps-articles/8-advantages-
of-a-gps-system-215835.html
• http://www.emory.edu/BUSINESS/et/552fall2000/gps/limit
ations.htm
• http://www.cbc.ca/news/technology/story/2011/05/10/f-
gps-technology.html
• http://www.locatacorp.com/applications-of-gps/limitations-
of-gps/