The document investigates the effect of sodium alginate and calcium chloride concentration on forming alginate beads. Various concentrations of sodium alginate (1%, 2%, 3%) and calcium chloride (1%, 2%, 3%) were used to form beads. 3% sodium alginate added to 2% calcium chloride produced the strongest, biggest beads. This combination will be used to immobilize the catalyst MnO2 in alginate beads so that it can be reused instead of being discarded after reaction with H2O2.

1. Effect of concentration of sodium alginate and calcium chloride in making alginate beads
Sodium alginate reacts with calcium chloride to form calcium alginate
These beads can be used to immobilise enzymes so it can be recycle/reuse
Encapsulation of drugs/enzymes can be done using alginate beads.
1, 2, 3% (w/v) sodium alginate and 1, 2, 3% (w/v) calcium chloride investigated.
Sodium alginate + calcium chloride
forming alginate beads.
Procedure:
Weigh 1g of sodium alginate (SA) in 100ml water - 1% SA.
2% and 3% SA was prepared using above step.
Weigh 1g calcium chloride (CC) in 100ml water – 1% CC.
2% and 3% CC was prepared using above step.
Pipette 1ml 1% SA and drop it into CC.
Alginate beads were investigated for their shape/strength/uniformity
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1, 2, 3% (w/v) calcium chloride
1% and 2% (w/v) sodium alginate
1% and 2% (w/v) SA with blue dye 1% SA + 1% CC 2% SA + 2% CC 3% SA + 2% CC
Pipette tip used to form the beads

2. % SA %CC Observation
1 1 Small/weak
2 2 Small/weak
3 3 Big/strong
4 3 Big/strong
3% SA added to 2% CC seems
to be the best
Effect of concentration of sodium alginate and calcium chloride in making alginate beads
1% SA + 1% CC 2% SA + 2% CC 3% SA + 2% CC
Procedure:
Weigh 1g of sodium alginate (SA) in 100ml water - 1% SA.
2% and 3% SA was prepared using above step.
Weigh 1g calcium chloride (CC) in 100ml water – 1% CC.
2% and 3% CC was prepared using above step.
Pipette 1ml 1% SA and drop it into 1% CC solution.
Alginate beads were investigated for their shape/strength/uniformity
3% SA and 2%CC will be used to immobilized catalyst MnO2 as the catalyst can be reused/recycle
instead of throwing it away after rxn with H2O2
MnO2 filtered after reacting with H2O2 Filtered MnO2. Will try to encapsulate MnO2 into alginate beads

3. 3% SA added to 2% CC seems
to be the best
Effect of concentration of sodium alginate and calcium chloride in making alginate beads
1% SA + 1% CC 2% SA + 2% CC 3% SA + 2% CC
3% SA and 2%CC will be used to immobilized catalyst MnO2 as the catalyst can be reused/recycle
instead of throwing it away after rxn with H2O2
MnO2 filtered after reacting with H2O2
Filtered MnO2. Will try to encapsulate MnO2 into alginate beads
1% SA + 1% CC with MnO2 2% SA + 2% CC with MnO2
3% SA + 2% CC with MnO2