This document summarizes a study on the antimicrobial properties of Murraya koenigii leaves. Phytochemical analysis of the methanolic extract of the leaves revealed the presence of tannins, phenols, flavonoids, terpenoids, quinones, steroids, carbohydrates, proteins and amino acids. Antibacterial analysis showed the extract inhibited the growth of 3 gram-positive bacteria, with Staphylococcus being the most susceptible. The extract did not inhibit the 2 gram-negative bacteria or 3 fungal strains tested. The study demonstrates antimicrobial activity of M. koenigii leaves, supporting its traditional uses.
coumarin; umbelliferone and its biosynthesis and isolation.
terpenoide; cucurbitacine and its biosynthesis and isolation purification and characterization
Antimicrobial activity of herbal productionkarimbscdu
The use of plants in treatment of burns, dermatophytes and infectious diseases is common in traditional medicine. The development of new antimicrobial agents against resistant pathogens is increasing interest. Therefore, the methanolic extracts from different parts of four medicinal plants used locally in folk medicine were evaluated for antimicrobial activity. It was found that most plant extracts studied had antibacterial and antifungal activities. The methanolic extract of leaf of the plant Azadiracta indica, Acacia nilotica and Witania somnifera showed significant antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Escherchia coli, stphaylocuccus aureus and pseudomonas fluorescence. Azadiracta indica and A.tinolica showed significant antifungal activity against A. flavus, Ziziphus mauritiana. The rhizome extract of curcuma longa showed significant activity against all tested bacteria and showed higher anti fungal activity against Fusarium verticillioides
Phytochemical screening and in vitro antioxidant activity of extracts of jasm...SriramNagarajan16
Objectives
The aims of this research were to carry out the preliminary phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity
of different extracts of J. sessiliflorum. The different anti-oxidant methods carried out were DPPH
scavenging method, NBT dye reduction method and nitric oxide scavenging method
Methods
Extracts were prepared by reflux method using different polarity solvents. The extracts were evap orated
using rotary evaporator. Antioxidant activities using DPPH, NBT dye reduction method and nitric oxide
scavenging methods and the correlation of their IC50 values with standards were carried out.
Results
The ethanolic herbs extract of J. sessiliflorum had the lowest IC50 values in all the anti-oxidant methods.
Moreover, the ethanolic extracts showed the presence greatest amount of phytochemical constituents. The
IC50 values were correlated with the IC50 values of standards in all the anti- oxidant activity determination
methods.
Conclusions
The results of the present study indicate that the extracts of J.sessiliflorum exhibited strong antioxidant
activity and thus it is a good source of antioxidant.
coumarin; umbelliferone and its biosynthesis and isolation.
terpenoide; cucurbitacine and its biosynthesis and isolation purification and characterization
Antimicrobial activity of herbal productionkarimbscdu
The use of plants in treatment of burns, dermatophytes and infectious diseases is common in traditional medicine. The development of new antimicrobial agents against resistant pathogens is increasing interest. Therefore, the methanolic extracts from different parts of four medicinal plants used locally in folk medicine were evaluated for antimicrobial activity. It was found that most plant extracts studied had antibacterial and antifungal activities. The methanolic extract of leaf of the plant Azadiracta indica, Acacia nilotica and Witania somnifera showed significant antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Escherchia coli, stphaylocuccus aureus and pseudomonas fluorescence. Azadiracta indica and A.tinolica showed significant antifungal activity against A. flavus, Ziziphus mauritiana. The rhizome extract of curcuma longa showed significant activity against all tested bacteria and showed higher anti fungal activity against Fusarium verticillioides
Phytochemical screening and in vitro antioxidant activity of extracts of jasm...SriramNagarajan16
Objectives
The aims of this research were to carry out the preliminary phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity
of different extracts of J. sessiliflorum. The different anti-oxidant methods carried out were DPPH
scavenging method, NBT dye reduction method and nitric oxide scavenging method
Methods
Extracts were prepared by reflux method using different polarity solvents. The extracts were evap orated
using rotary evaporator. Antioxidant activities using DPPH, NBT dye reduction method and nitric oxide
scavenging methods and the correlation of their IC50 values with standards were carried out.
Results
The ethanolic herbs extract of J. sessiliflorum had the lowest IC50 values in all the anti-oxidant methods.
Moreover, the ethanolic extracts showed the presence greatest amount of phytochemical constituents. The
IC50 values were correlated with the IC50 values of standards in all the anti- oxidant activity determination
methods.
Conclusions
The results of the present study indicate that the extracts of J.sessiliflorum exhibited strong antioxidant
activity and thus it is a good source of antioxidant.
Tinospora Cordifolia the magical Herb (Giloy)Vedant Patel
Advanced Herbal drug technology,A Presentation on
Extraction, isolation and standardization of Phytochemicals in Crude extract of Tinospora Cordifolia (Giloy, gulvel,giloe, Amrita,garo).It Shows presence of flavonoids and Alkaloids which shows Anti-cancer,Anti-oxidants, Anti-viral, Anti-inflammatory and Anti-allergic activity by boosting host immune system. it also involves different test for identification of Alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins,tanins, glycoside.
Extraction of Secondary Metabolites from Roots of Acanthus Ilicifolius L and ...inventionjournals
The root extracts of Acanthus ilicifolius L finds a prominent place in folk medicine. In this study, we
extracted alkaloid, flavonoid, tannin and total phenols in benzene, ethyl acetate, acetone, methanol and
ethanol, their antibacterial activity and antioxidant activity was evaluated. The antioxidant activity is executed
by FRAP assay and agar well diffusion method is done to study the antibacterial activity against Enterobacter
aerogenes, Enterobacter cloacae, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus
pyogenes. The antibacterial activity of all the extracts was compared with standard antibiotic gentamicin.
The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration [MIC] was determined by serial dilution method. Alkaloids are rich in
acetone and Flavonoids are high in methanol extracts. The acetone extract showed higher antioxidant activity,
while benzene extract was identified to contain lower antioxidant activity. The extent of inhibition by the root
extracts diverge between the solvents used, among them ethanol extracts exhibited higher level of inhibition
against the gram positive test cultures compared to gram negative test cultures employed. Whereas, the acetone
extracts efficacy is more on gram negative test cultures than the gram positive cultures. The MIC was found to
be between 1mg/100µl to 5mg/100µl. This study gives the source for purification and characterization of
bioactive principles that possess antioxidant and antibacterial action from the root of Acanthus ilicifolius.
INVESTIGATION OF PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING, ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY AND ANTIOXI...Roshani Darji
Investigation of fresh vegetables and effects of vegetables extracts and to make it more effective than commercial
antiobiotics by using Zingiber offinale (ginger) extract with vegetables against Bacterial strains.
Determination of Chemical Groups and Investigation of Anthelmintic, Cytotoxic...Syed Masudur Rahman Dewan
The present study was conducted for the characterization of possible chemical groups,
evaluation of anthelmintic, cytotoxic and antibacterial activities of crude methanolic extract
of leaves of Cinnamomum tamala. The study revealed the presence of alkaloids, reducing
sugar, tannin, amino acids, glycosides and steroid in the crude extract. The extract showed
very potent anthelmintic activity while compared with the standard albendazole. To
investigate the cytotoxic activity, brine shrimp lethality bioassay was conducted, and the
extract showed significant activity while compared with the standard vincristine sulphate
(LC50 value 1.007 and 0.839μg/ml respectively). To evaluate the antibacterial activity, disc
diffusion method was followed, and the extract showed activity against Bacillus subtilis,
Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, and Vibrio cholera, and resistant to Escherichia coli
and Salmonella typhi.
PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF VARIOUS SOLVENT EXTRAC...IJSIT Editor
The leaves of the plant Annonareticulata were collected and extracted using different ranges of polar
organic solvents like low (Ethyl acetate), medium (Butanol) and high (Methanol). Qualitative analysis and
antimicrobial activity was investigated. The phytochemical screening of the leaf extract revealed that the
presence of alkaloids, tannins, steroids, terpenoids and coumarins. The Ethyl acetate and Methanol extracts
showed better antibacterial activity, the significant inhibitory effect against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas
putida and Lactobacillus acidophilus, and thus displayed highest inhibitory zone of 19.5mm, 19mm and 19mm
when compared to Butanol. FT-IR spectroscopic analysis of the Ethyl acetate, Butanol and Methanol extract of
A.reticulata revealed the presence of -CH, -OH, CH-OH and –NH2 bond stretching. The clinical isolates were
collected from patients suffered from different microbial infections. The antibacterial and antifungal activity
was determined by using leaf extracts.
This is an Engg Biotechnology project based on medicinal plant i.e singapore cherry or jamaican cherry tree (scientific name Muntingia calabure ), we did in 2013 in GMIT college Davangere, karanataka, India. i have complete project detail what we did..,
Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry 2 unit 3.pptxPranita Sunar
Isolation, Identification and Analysis of Phytoconstituents:
Terpenoids: Menthol, Citral, Artemisin Glycosides: Glycyrrhetinic acid & Rutin
Terpenes or terpenoids are a secondary metabolite compounds, majority of which are found in plant species and few are obtained from other sources such as fungi, algae and sponges. These are volatile substances which is also responsible for fragrance of some flowers and plants. Terpenoids are the polymers of isoprene units (C5H8)n. Hence, they are also known as Isoprenoids.
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PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND ANTI-MICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF MURRAYA KOIENGII LEAF EXTRACT
1. HIMA HARIDASAN
Dept. Of Microbiology,
St. Mary’s college,
Thrissur- 680020,
University of Calicut
E-mail: himaharidasan93@gmail.com
2. Family : Rutaceae
Native to India.
Leaves - Indian diet to improve
appetite and digestion.
Deciduous to semi-evergreen
aromatic tree
3. TRADITIONAL USES
Analgesic - pain-killing
Febrifuge - reduce fever
Stomachic - improves
appetite and digestion
Carminative - relieves
flatulence
Treatment of dysentery
& skin eruptions
PROPERTIES
Anti-oxidative –
inhibits oxidation damages
Cytotoxic – cell-toxic
Antimicrobial
Anti-ulcer
Positive inotropic - modifies
the force or speed of muscle
contraction
Cholesterol reducing
activities
4. 1)Preliminary phytochemical analysis
2)Antimicrobial analysis
MATERIALS AND METHODS
1)PLANT MATERIAL
2)PREPARATION OF EXTRACT
a) The powdered leaves (30g) - methanol extraction
b) Filteration - whatman filter paper
c) Filtrate – evaporation (65ºc)
d) Organic semisolid mass was dried
5. The bacterial cultures: –
o Gram positive -
Staphylococcus and Bacillus
o Gram negative - Escherichia
coli, Pseudomonas, Proteus
and Klebsiella (obtained from
Poly clinic, Thrissur).
o Were grown and maintained in
nutrient broth medium at 37ºc.
The fungal cultures :-
o Aspergillus flavus, Alternaria
and Pencillium ( isolated by
air sampling in Microbiology
laboratory, St.Mary’s college,
Thrissur).
o Were maintained on
sabourauds dextrose agar
(SDA) slants.
6. 1.Detection of Tannins
By Ferric chloride test –
extract + distilled water
(5mg) (5ml)
mixture
neutral 5%
feCl3 soln
added
blue green color
(presence of tanin)
2.Detection of Phenols
By Lead acetate test –
extract + distilled water
(5mg) (5ml)
10% Pb acetate
soln (3ml) added
bulky white precipitates
(presence of phenols)
7. 3. Detection of flavanoids
The chloroform extract of the
solution
Treated with
NH4OH soln
Yellow fluorescence
(presence of flavanoids)
4. Detection of Terpenoids
Chloroform (2ml) + conc.
H2SO4
added carefully to
0.5ml of extract
red brown color at the
interface
(presence of terpenoid)
8. 5. Detection of Quinone
Conc. H2SO4 (1ml)
added to
plant extract (1ml)
Red colour
(presence of Quinones)
6. Detection of steroids and
phytosteroids
Plant exract + chloroform
(0.5 ml) (0.5 ml)
added few drops of
conc. H2SO4
brown ring / bluish- brown
ring
(steroids) (phytosteroids)
9. 7. Detection of carbohydrate
Molisch’s test –
Molisch’s reagent + extract solution
(2 drops) (1 ml)
mixed well
Inclined the tube
Added conc. H2SO4(1ml) along the
sides of the tube
Reddish violet ring at the junction of
two liquids
(presence of carbohydrate)
8. Detection of Proteins
The extract + distilled water
(10ml)
filtered through
Whattmann No.1 filter paper
filtrate
Used to tests for proteins and
aminoacids
10. 8.a) Biuret test –
Filtrate + 2% CUSO4 soln
(aliquot) (a drop)
added
95% ethanol(1ml)
added
excess of potassium
hydroxide pellets
The pink color in ethanol layer
(presence of proteins)
8.b) Detection of aminoacids
Ninhydrin test –
Ninhydrin solution + Filtrate
(2 drops) (2 ml)
Purple colour
(presence of amino acids)
11. 9. Detection of phytosterols
Libermann-Burchard’s test –
Extract +dry chloroform
Dissolved in a dry test tube
Acetic anhydride (several drops) was added
Conc.H2SO4 (2 drops) was added
Mixed carefully
After the reaction finished
Cholesterol conc. was measured using spectrophotometry
12. Method : Well diffusion Assay
Procedure :-
Swabbing
Short incubation
Wells cutting
100μg, 200μg, 300μg and 400μg of 0.5g leaf extract
prepared in 1000ml of methanol – loaded.
Centre well- 100μl methanol, control.
Incubation
Zone of inhibition diameter - recorded.
13. 1)PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING
SL.NO. PHYTOCHEMICALS OBSERVATION INFERENCE
1 Tanin blue green color Present
2 Phenol bulky white
precipitate
Present
3 Flavanoid yellow fluorescence Present
4 Terpenoids red brown colour at
the interface
Present
5 Quinone red colour Present
14. SL.NO PHYTOCHEMICALS OBSERVATION INFERENCE
6 Steroid &
phytosteroid
brown and bluish
brown ring
Present
7 Carbohydrate reddish violet ring Present
8 Protein pink colour Present
9 Amino acid purple colour Present
10 Phytosterols No deep green colour Absent
Phytochemical compounds in the methanolic extract of Murraya koiengii leaves
15. Sl.
No.
TEST
MICROORGANISM
ZONE OF
INHIBITION
1 Staphylococcus Present
2 Bacillus Present
3 Proteus Present
4 Escherichia coli Absent
5 Pseudomonas Present
6 Klebsiella Absent
ZONE OF INHIBITION (mm) FOR DIFFERENT QUANTITY OF
EXTRACT
100μg 200 μg 300 μg 400 μg
20mm 25 mm 33 mm 40 mm
_ 14mm 16mm 21mm
_ 14mm 25mm 34mm
_ _ _ _
_ 20mm 25mm 30mm
_ _ _ _
Antibacterial efficiency of methanolic extracts of Murraya koiengii leaves.
16. Staphylococcus species
inhibited by methanolic
extracts of Murraya
koiengii leaves.
The three Gram positive
bacteria showed
sensitivity against the
methanolic extract
Staphylococcus sp.,
emerged as the most
susceptible.
Among the fungal strains,
none of the tested ones
showed considerable
inhibition by the
methanolic extract.
17. So, Murraya koenigii is a common remedy among the
various ayurvedic practitioners for treatment of
diversity of ailments.
So, it is used in foods.
Hippocrates, the father of medicine proclaimed
“Let food be thy medicine and medicine be thy food”.
