Introduction
Oxidation
What are antioxidants?
Antioxidants
Source of Antioxidants
Antioxidants produced by Plants
Major Antioxidant compounds in Plants
Fruits and Vegetables with highest Antioxidant content
Conclusion
Introduction
Oxidation
What are antioxidants?
Antioxidants
Source of Antioxidants
Antioxidants produced by Plants
Major Antioxidant compounds in Plants
Fruits and Vegetables with highest Antioxidant content
Conclusion
Oxygen is an essential and fundamental term for life. Cells use oxygen to
produce energy for normal cell activities, Free radicals are normal
consequence of ATP production in the mitochondria. These by-products
are in general reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen
species (RNS). These two species are referred collectively as ROS/RNS.
The phrases "free radicals" and "reactive oxygen species" (ROS) are
frequently used interchangeably although this is not always correct. The
physiological state of increased steady-state ROS level along with certain
physiological effects has been called oxidative stress. These species play
a dual role. As benefit compounds at low or moderate levels. And as toxic
compounds at high concentrations by generation of oxidative stress .The
delicate balance between their two antagonistic effects is clearly an
important aspect of life [1-5]. Free radicals are, by definition, species
which contain an odd number of electrons. They may be positively
charged, negatively charged, or neutral and all three types are important
free radicals and antioxidants , effect of free radicals , phases , free radicals in cancer, diabeties and neurodegenerative disease including pathology of each disease.
Oxidative stress reflects an imbalance between the systemic manifestation of reactive oxygen species and a biological system's ability to readily detoxify the reactive intermediates or to repair the resulting damage. Disturbances in the normal redox state of cells can cause toxic effects through the production of peroxides and free radicals that damage all components of the cell, including proteins, lipids, and DNA. Oxidative stress from oxidative metabolism causes base damage, as well as strand breaks in DNA. Base damage is mostly indirect and caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated, e.g. O2− (superoxide radical), OH (hydroxyl radical) and H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide).Further, some reactive oxidative species act as cellular messengers in redox signaling. Thus, oxidative stress can cause disruptions in normal mechanisms of cellular signaling. Dr Harshavardhan Patwal , Chemically, oxidative stress is associated with increased production of oxidizing species or a significant decrease in the effectiveness of antioxidant defenses, such as glutathione.The effects of oxidative stress depend upon the size of these changes, with a cell being able to overcome small perturbations and regain its original state. However, more severe oxidative stress can cause cell death and even moderate oxidation can trigger apoptosis, while more intense stresses may cause necrosis.
Production of reactive oxygen species is a particularly destructive aspect of oxidative* stress. Such species include free radicals and peroxides. Some of the less reactive of these species (such as superoxide) can be converted by oxidoreduction reactions with transition metals or other redox cycling compounds (including quinones) into more aggressive radical species that can cause extensive cellular damage.Most long-term effects are caused by damage to DNA
Oxygen is an essential and fundamental term for life. Cells use oxygen to
produce energy for normal cell activities, Free radicals are normal
consequence of ATP production in the mitochondria. These by-products
are in general reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen
species (RNS). These two species are referred collectively as ROS/RNS.
The phrases "free radicals" and "reactive oxygen species" (ROS) are
frequently used interchangeably although this is not always correct. The
physiological state of increased steady-state ROS level along with certain
physiological effects has been called oxidative stress. These species play
a dual role. As benefit compounds at low or moderate levels. And as toxic
compounds at high concentrations by generation of oxidative stress .The
delicate balance between their two antagonistic effects is clearly an
important aspect of life [1-5]. Free radicals are, by definition, species
which contain an odd number of electrons. They may be positively
charged, negatively charged, or neutral and all three types are important
free radicals and antioxidants , effect of free radicals , phases , free radicals in cancer, diabeties and neurodegenerative disease including pathology of each disease.
Oxidative stress reflects an imbalance between the systemic manifestation of reactive oxygen species and a biological system's ability to readily detoxify the reactive intermediates or to repair the resulting damage. Disturbances in the normal redox state of cells can cause toxic effects through the production of peroxides and free radicals that damage all components of the cell, including proteins, lipids, and DNA. Oxidative stress from oxidative metabolism causes base damage, as well as strand breaks in DNA. Base damage is mostly indirect and caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated, e.g. O2− (superoxide radical), OH (hydroxyl radical) and H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide).Further, some reactive oxidative species act as cellular messengers in redox signaling. Thus, oxidative stress can cause disruptions in normal mechanisms of cellular signaling. Dr Harshavardhan Patwal , Chemically, oxidative stress is associated with increased production of oxidizing species or a significant decrease in the effectiveness of antioxidant defenses, such as glutathione.The effects of oxidative stress depend upon the size of these changes, with a cell being able to overcome small perturbations and regain its original state. However, more severe oxidative stress can cause cell death and even moderate oxidation can trigger apoptosis, while more intense stresses may cause necrosis.
Production of reactive oxygen species is a particularly destructive aspect of oxidative* stress. Such species include free radicals and peroxides. Some of the less reactive of these species (such as superoxide) can be converted by oxidoreduction reactions with transition metals or other redox cycling compounds (including quinones) into more aggressive radical species that can cause extensive cellular damage.Most long-term effects are caused by damage to DNA
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Smart Delivery Technology from Illumenates - By iOXSook Yen Wong
Illumenates’ team of experts and scientists are dedicated to incorporating knowledge from the latest scientific findings and clinical studies into our products by using the finest skincare cosmetic ingredients and high quality dietary supplements. Our products are further enhanced with our proprietary Smart Delivery System, where active ingredients are molecularly bonded to the building blocks of life. These building blocks are natural occurring lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, enzymes and coenzymes.
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role of free radicals in human diseases. Inside the human cells, there is an effective antioxidant defence system to counter damaging actions of reactive oxygen species. ... Direct damage to structural proteins and DNA inside the cells may result in loss of cell architecture and lack of its ability to restore.
Hydrogen-Infused Water: The fountain of YouthAdam Gardener
More than 600 scientific papers have been published, including more than 40 human studies, demonstrating the therapeutic benefits of molecular hydrogen for every organ system of the body, and over 150 experimental models of human disease.
Free radicals in human diseases and the roleMohammed Sakr
Free radicals reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species are generated by our body by various endogenous systems, exposure to different physiochemical conditions or pathological states. A balance between free radicals and antioxidants is necessary for proper physiological function. If free radicals overwhelm the body's ability to regulate them, a condition known as oxidative stress ensues. Free radicals thus adversely alter lipids, proteins, and DNA and trigger a number of human diseases. Free radicals are a main cause of cardiovascular diseases, cancer, aging and immune defense disorders. Foods like berries and carrot protect us against free radicals.
Antioxidants are molecules capable of reducing the causes or effects of oxidative stress. Oxidative stress can be caused by environmental factors, disease, infection, inflammation, aging (ROS production). The body produces some endogenous antioxidants, but dietary antioxidants may provide additional line of defense. Flavonoids & other polyphenolics, Vitamins C & E, and Carotenoids are the most common dietary antioxidants. Many herbs and botanicals also contain antioxidants.
Any molecule containing one or more unpaired electrons. These unpaired electrons readily form free radical molecules which are chemically reactive and highly unstable.
hydrogen water generator information氢化水Hannas Chen
New Technology Hydrogen water Generator (from japan)
Hydrogen water is a strong antioxidant with high reduction potential to neutralize and prevent the harmful oxidative effects of free radicals. It also has micro-clustered water structure for superior hydration.
A brief introduction about Pharmacology of free radicals, generation of free radicals, Antioxidants, Free radicals causing disorders such as cancer diabetes, neuro degenerative disorders such as Parkisonism's Disease
Similar to Hydrogen Stick English Mode of Action (20)
Telco Churn Rate Analysis - AEDA Capstone Sook Yen Wong
Working with a team of tech-savvy data scientists, business analysts and IT engineers to develop a Capstone project presentation with Python, SQL, Data Storytelling and Tableau within 2 days! We managed to crack the code with data and provide ideas and solutions to better improve the churn rate for Telco!
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An impressive offer letter gives a new hire confidence to work and boost up their productivity unconsciously.
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Induction day at work is a common practice in larger MNC companies and has always help to decrease staff turn-over and attrition rate over time. Consider using an impressive offer letter that gives the candidate an irresistible offer for joining you, not your competitors!
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
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Hydrogen Stick English Mode of Action
1. As the cellular powerhouse, mitochondria is responsible for the respiration of
the body
Food + O2-->> energy + CO2 + H2O
One thing overlook during the process of metabolism is the production of free
radicals
Free radicals are chemically unstable molecules produced in the body as the
result of natural human physiological processes as well as from the environment.
They may be the result of diet, stress, smoking, alcohol, exercise, inflammation,
drugs or exposure to sunlight and air pollutants.
At early age, free radicals produced are being removed by the body natural
detoxification mechanism.
At relatively small amount, free radicals are useful as they are responsible in cell
death and cell renewal.
High amount of chemically unstable free radicals will react with other molecules
n organs in the body, disrupting their normal regular functions.
Free radicals are usually being removed from the bodily system by 3 key
enzymes: Glutathione peroxidase, Catalase and superoxide dismutase.
These enzymes break down the group of free radicals called active oxygen into
water for excretion.
Over years, the production of these enzymes decreases due to the effect of ageing
and would not be able to cope with the production of high level of antioxidants.
On the other hand, in order to break down Reactive Oxygen Species produced in
the body, active hydrogen species is required as the raw material.
Active hydrogen has been found for numerous functions within the body.
Hydrogen is a strong reductant, the enemy of oxidant especially the Reactive
Oxygen Species
Hydrogen atom (also known as active hydrogen) is one of the strongest
antioxidant in the body that can disarm free radicals produced in the body by
accepting unstable electrons from the free radicals.
The different types of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) produced during the
metabolic process can react with the active hydrogen and form water that
eventually can be excreted by the body in the form of Urine
Equations involved are :
2. (1) When oxygen ( O2 ) breathed in through the lungs oxidizes food taken by
mouth, it is reduced by the food and produces active oxygen O2- ( superoxide
anion radical).
(2) O2- is further reduced by hydrogen atom H ( active hydrogen radical ),
producing active oxygen H2O2 ( hydrogen peroxide ).
(3) H2O2 is further reduced, producing active oxygen HO・( hydroxyl radical
)and hydroxide anion ( HO- ).
(4) HO・ is reduced by hydrogen atom, producing water ( H2O )
(5) HO- is also reduced by proton ( H+ ), producing water.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
O2
O2H2O2
HO・
HO-
+
+
+
+
+
eH・
eH・
H+
+
H+
→
→
→
→
→
O2H2O2
HO・ +
H2O
H2O
HO-
As you can see in the equations, H atoms that are produced by our Magic Shake
can magically turn the ROS species into water.
How Magic Shake produces Hydrogen Rich Water
1) Electrolysis process converts the water molecule H20 into H2 and O2
molecules that are dissolved in water.
2) Using a proprietary process, we managed to store the H2 molecules dissolved
for a minimum period of 72 hours before the H2 gas escape into the air.
2) Drinking the Hydrogen rich water can allows the penetration of H2 molecules
into the body cells that can eventually remove ROS as per the biochemical
process illustrated above.
Benefits of Hydrogen water
1. Improvement of blood glucose and HbAIC levels in diabetes mellitus.
2. Improvement of peripheral circulation in diabetic gangrene.
3. Improvement of uric acid levels in gout.
4. Improvement of liver function in hepatic disease, cirrhosis of liver, hepatitis.
5. Improvement of gastroduodenal ulcers and prevention of recurrences.
6. Improvement of cholesterol level; hypertension, angina, myocardial infarction.
7. Improvement of hypersensitive disorders; atopic dermatitis, asthma, urticaria.
8. Improvement of autoimmune disorders; rheumatism, collagen disease, SLE.
9. Improvement of so called specific diseases; Behcet’ syndrome, Crohn disease,
ulcerative colitis, Kawasaki’s disease.
3. 10. Improvement of malignant tumors of liver; hepatoma, metastatic tumors.
11. Improvement of general malaise, chronic constipation & diarrhea as well as
persistent diarrhea occurred after gastric resection.
12. Improvement of dehydration in infants with vomiting and diarrhea caused by
viral
infection
13. Improvement of hyperbilirubinemia in newborns
14. Experiences of pregnant women who took reduced water during their
pregnancy; almost no emesis, smooth delivery, slight jaundice, enough lactation,
smooth and satisfactory growth of newborns…..