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Form 3 PMR Science Chapter 3 Excretory System
The kidneys filter waste from the blood and regulate water and electrolyte balance. They remove urea, uric acid, and creatinine. The kidneys are supplied by blood from the renal arteries and drain into the ureters. They filter minerals, sugars, amino acids and waste from the blood and reabsorb useful substances while excreting waste like urea in the urine. Kidney failure requires dialysis or transplant to filter the blood.
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Form 3 PMR Science Chapter 3 Excretory System
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- 2. Chemical Processes inthe Use up Body Oxygen Glucose Amino Acids Water Nutrients Water, Produce Mineral salts, Carbon dioxide Urea, Water Carbon Dioxide, Urea Heat Heat Toxic Chemicals
- 3. Excretory Organs in Human Urinary System Lungs Skin Why waste products must be excreted out of the body??? Liver
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- 8. Location of theKidney
- 9. Kidney Function • Detoxifyblood • Increase calcium absorption o calcitriol • Stimulate RBC production o erythropoietin • Regulate blood pressure and electrolyte balance o renin
- 10. Structure of theUrinary System • Two Kidneys • Two Ureters • Bladder • Urethra
- 11. The Blood Supplyto the Kidney
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- 16. Filtration system inthe Kidney Filtration Mineral salts Sugar Amino Acids Waste-Urea Reabsorption All Sugar All amino acids Mineral Salts Water
- 17. Function of theKidney • Filter blood in order to remove cellular waste products from the body. • Maintain chemical composition, pH and water level • At any given time, 20 % of blood is in the kidneys. Humans can function with one kidney. • If one ceases to work, the other increases in size to handle the workload.
- 18. Cellular waste • urea o (a nitrogenous waste produced in the liver from the breakdown of protein. It is the main component of urine) • uric acid o (usually produced from breakdown of DNA or RNA) • creatinine o (waste product of muscle action).
- 19. Composition of Chemicals in the Body Substance Blood in Kidney Urine renal artery tubules (filter system) Glucose 2.0 2.0 0 Mineral salts 10.0 10.0 17.0 Amino acids 0.9 0.9 0 Protein 88.0 0 0 Urea 0.5 20.0 20.0 RBC & WBC 47% 0% 0
- 20. Kidney failure • Urinary Tract Infection • Kidney Stone • Kidney Infection • Diabetic Nephropathy • Hypertension • Glomerulonephritis • HIV nephropathy
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- 22. Treatment of KidneyFailure -Dialysis- • ½ of patients with kidney disease eventually require dialysis • Diffuse harmful waste out of body • Control BP • Keep safe level of chemicals in body • If dialysis cannot work, the patient has to undergo kidney transplant
- 23. Hemodialysis • 3-4 timesa week • Takes 2-4 hours • Machine filters blood and returns it to body
- 24. Peritoneal Dialysis • Abdominallining filters blood • 3 types o Continuous ambulatory o Continuous cyclical o Intermittent