What does hydrogen gas mean? Medical Definition of hydrogen : a nonmetallic element that is the simplest and lightest of the elements and that is normally a colorless odorless highly flammable diatomic gas —symbol H — see deuterium, tritium. Hydrogen gas is sometimes used directly to create an acid. For example, it is used in the creation of hydrochloric acid: H2 + Cl2 → 2HCl. Hydrogen gas is used in the processing of petroleum products to break down crude oil into fuel oil, gasoline, and such.

1. MUHAMMAD AHMED
MUDAMD92@GMAIL.COM
HYDROGEN GAS

2. INTRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN
o Hydrogen gas was first artificially produced in the early 16th
century by the reaction of acids on metals.
o Hydrogen means “water-former”.
o Hydrogen is the lightest element
on the periodic table.

3. INTRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN
o It is found in the sun( 75%)
and most of the stars are
composed of hydrogen.
o The 90% atmosphere
of Jupiter is compose
of hydrogen.

4. o Hydrogen gas has the atomic
number 2.
o It has 2 electron and 2 proton.
o The molecular mass of hydrogen
gas is 2.0159.
STRUCTURE OF HYDROGEN GAS

5. PREPARATION OF HYDROGEN GAS

6. PREPARATION OF HYDROGEN GAS (CONT’D)
o Action of water on Metals
Na + H2O NaOH + H2 + Energy
(highly Exothermic)
o From Acid
Zn + H2SO4 ZnSO4 + H2

7. PREPARATION OF HYDROGEN GAS (CONT’D)
o From Hydrocarbon
CH4 + 2H2O CO2 + 4H2
o From Electrolysis of water
Hydrogen can be produce by
electrolysis of (Electrolyte) water
but this method is expensive due
to high Cost of electricity.
2 H2O + KOH 2H2 + O2

8. PREPARATION OF HYDROGEN GAS FROM
METHANE
Hydrogen
Gas
Methanation
Shift
ReactionReformationDesulfurizationMethane
CH4
Sulphur
Remove
Form CO &
H2
Form CO2 &
H2
Form CH4 H2

9. PREPARATION OF HYDROGEN GAS FROM
METHANE
Desulfurization
o Sulfur exists in natural gas as hydrogen
sulfide H2S or SO2, that is
extremely corrosive.
o It also impure the product.
o Zeolite bed is use for removing
sulfur containing molecules.

10. PREPARATION OF HYDROGEN GAS FROM
METHANE
Reformation of natural gas
o Occur in reformer
o CH4 + H2O CO + 3H2 ∆H298 =206 kj/mol
o (750-800 C) , (1380-1470 F)
✓Produce syngas (C0+H2)

11. PREPARATION OF HYDROGEN GAS FROM
METHANE
Shift Reaction
o High temp shift (350 C , 662 F)
CO + H2O CO2 + H2 ∆H298 = -41 kj/mol
Catalyst (Fe203 + Cr2O3 + MgO)
o Low temp shift (190-210 C , 374-410 F)
CO + H2O CO2 + H2 ∆H298 = -41 kj/mol
Catalyst (CuO + ZnO + Al2O3 )

12. PREPARATION OF HYDROGEN GAS FROM
METHANE
Methanation
Methanation is a chemical reaction
that converts carbon monoxide
and/or carbon dioxide to methane.
• Nickel(Ni), ruthenium oxide(O2Ru)
CO + 3H2 CH4 + H2O

13. PREPARATION OF HYDROGEN GAS FROM
METHANE
Pressure swing adsorption
Pressure swing adsorption (PSA) is used to
separate ( CO , CO2 , CH4 ) gases from
the mixture of gases under pressure according
to the an adsorbent material.

14. FLOW CHAT OF METHANE PREPARATION

15. FLOW CHAT OF METHANE PREPARATION

16. DETAIL
Desulfurization
Sulfur exists in natural gas as hydrogen sulfide H2S or SO2, that is extremely corrosive.
The gas mixture of natural gas that contain sulfur is passed under pressure through a
vessel containing an adsorbent bed of zeolite that attracts sulfur containing
compound more strongly than methane, part or all of the sulfur containing compound
will stay in the bed, and the gas exiting the vessel.
Reformation of natural gas
The first step of the process involves methane reacting with steam at 750-800 C to
produce a synthesis gas (syngas),a mixture primarily made up of hydrogen gas (H2)
and carbon monoxide (CO).
Shift Reaction
In the second step, know as a water gas shift reaction.

17. DETAIL
• High temp shift (350 C , 662 F)
The carbon monoxide produce in first reaction is reacted with steam over a catalyst to form
hydrogen gas (H2) and carbon dioxide (CO2). The temp of High temp shift is 350 C or 662 F.
The typical composition of commercial High temp shift catalyst has reported as 74.2% Fe203 ,
10.0% Cr2O3 , 0.2% MgO. But only 75-85% of carbon monoxide (CO) is produce hydrogen
gas (H2) , so we use Low temp shift reaction for maximum production of form hydrogen gas
(H2) .
CO + H2O CO2 + H2 ∆H298 = -41 kj/mol
• Low temp shift (190-210 C , 374-410 F)
The remaining 15-25% of carbon monoxide (CO) is produce hydrogen gas (H2) in the presence
of catalyst 32-33% CuO , 53% ZnO , 15-33% Al2O3. The temp of Low temp shift is (190-210
C , 374-410 F). Hence, 99% of carbon monoxide (CO) is produce hydrogen gas (H2). But 1% or
less then 1% of carbon monoxide (CO) or carbon dioxide (CO2) remain in the system.
CO + H2O CO2 + H2 ∆H298 = -41 kj/mol

18. DETAIL
Methanation
Methanation is a chemical reaction that converts carbon monoxide and/or
carbon dioxide to methane. The catalyst for the reaction is Nickel(Ni), ruthenium
oxide(O2Ru), at a temperature of 370-470 C.
CO + 3H2 CH4 + H2O
CO2 + 4H2 CH4 + 2H2O
Pressure swing adsorbtion
Pressure swing adsorption (PSA) is a technology used to separate some gas
species from a mixture of gases under pressure. Specific adsorptive materials
(e.g., zeolites, activated carbon, molecular sieves, etc.) are used as a trap,
preferentially adsorbing the target gas species at high pressure.

19. VIDEO

20. VIDEO
Younas , Hasnat , Rafique , Ali , Ahmed

21. VIDEO

22. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
o At STP , hydrogen gas is a colorless, odorless,
tasteless, non-toxic, nonmetallic.
o Highly combustible diatomic gas.
o Melting temperature (-259.2) degrees Celsius.
o Boiling temperature (-252.76) degrees Celsius.
o At high pressure, snow-like crystals of solid hydrogen form.

23. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
o The lowest density of all gases.
o Hydrogen is 14.5 times lighter than air.
o Hydrogen is insoluble in water, it dissolves well in metals.

24. VIDEO

25. GAS INDUSTRY IN PAKISTAN
• Ghani gases
• Linde gases
• Bp Pakistan Exploration And Production Inc
• United Energy Pakistan Ltd.

26. CONSUMPTION OF HYDROGEN GAS
• Hydrogen gas play a vital rule in the industry of any country.
• Ammonia, petroleum refining and methanol
are the three largest individual markets for
hydrogen in the world.
• Overall global demand for hydrogen gas
is expected to increase by around 5-6%
during the next five years.

27. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
o Combustibility:
Hydrogen is a inflammable and combustible gas. It gives
pale blue flame in air or oxygen to form water.
2 H2 + O2 ⟶ 2 H2O
o Reaction with metals:
It reduces metal oxides to metals, when heated.
CuO + H2 → Cu + H2O

28. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
o Reaction with halogen:
Hydrogen does not react with halogens at ordinary temperature. But at high
temperature in the presence of catalyst, hydrogen react to give their
respective halides.
H2 + F2 ⟶ 2HF
H2 + Cl2 ⟶ 2HCl
H2 + Br2 ⟶ 2HBr
H2 + I2 ⟶ 2Hl

29. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
o Action with carbon monoxide:
Carbon monoxide reacts with hydrogen at about 430 C and 200
atmospheric pressure in the presence of ZnO and Cr2O3 as a catalyst to
give methanol.
CO + 2H2 ⟶ CH3OH

30. USES
❖ Rocket fuel
o NASA is the largest user of
hydrogen as a fuel.
o NASA began using liquid
hydrogen in the 1950s as
a rocket fuel.

31. USES
o Hydrogen fuel cells produce
electricity by combining
hydrogen and oxygen
atoms.
o Small fuel cells can
power laptop computers,
cell phones, and
military applications.
o In 2005 Toyota Mirai is
one of the first hydrogen
Fuel-cell vehicles to be
sold commercially.

32. USES
These buses are a marvel of hydrogen technology, emitting only water rather
than belching out harmful pollutants. Hydrogen Station Opened April 24, 2003.
Only station in the world operating at a conventional gasoline station (has full
commercial license).

33. USES
o Filling balloons and airships.
May 6, 1937, airship caught fire
and was destroyed, there were
35 peoples (13 passengers and
22 crewmen) were killed.
o Make ammonia for agricultural
fertilizer (the Haber process).
N2 + 3 H2 2 NH3

34. USES
o Used as carrier phase in gas
chromatography.
o It is use for the production
of plastics.
o Protective atmosphere for
making flat glass sheets.

35. USES
o A hydrogen bomb is a type of
thermonuclear weapon that uses
hydrogen fusion. Hydrogen bomb
powerful weapon of mass destruction.
o The first hydrogen bomb dropped from
The air exploded with a force estimated
as equal to a minimum of fifteen million
tons of TNT.

36. REFERENCES
ohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen
ohttp://www.rsc.org/periodic-table/element/1/hydrogen
ohttps://www.studyread.com/uses-of-hydrogen
ohttps://azchemistry.com/hydrogen-uses
ohttp://www.igem.org.uk/media/232929/Hydrogen-Report-Complete-web.pdf
ohttp://www.need.org/Files/curriculum/infobook/HydrogenS.pdf
ohttps://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2014/09/f18/fcto_hydrogen_production
_fs_0.pdf
ohttps://www.lenntech.com/periodic/elements/h.htm#ixzz5BFfJS2B2