Hydraulic geometry describes how a river's characteristics change with discharge both at a single cross section (at-a-station) and longitudinally along the channel (downstream). Key characteristics measured include depth, width, velocity, suspended sediment load, and slope. These parameters can be expressed as power functions of discharge and often follow similar patterns between rivers despite different settings. Hydraulic geometry was introduced by Leopold and Maddock to quantify these variations in channel geometry with flow.
Fluvial Morphology handbook for students.
Contents are: definition, scope, importance of Fluvial Morphology, sediment load, channel pattern and process, role sediment to build delta, Reynolds number, Froude Number, channel pattern of Tista and Jamuna River, causes and consequences of flood, benefit of flood, flood and floodplain, hydraulic geometry, water resource management (in Bangladesh), hydrograph, origin and development of river, tributary and distributary and many more.
Fluvial Morphology handbook for students.
Contents are: definition, scope, importance of Fluvial Morphology, sediment load, channel pattern and process, role sediment to build delta, Reynolds number, Froude Number, channel pattern of Tista and Jamuna River, causes and consequences of flood, benefit of flood, flood and floodplain, hydraulic geometry, water resource management (in Bangladesh), hydrograph, origin and development of river, tributary and distributary and many more.
Drainage pattern & morphometric analyses of drainage basinsUjjavalPatel16
Drainage Pattern & Morphometric analyses of drainage basins.
In geomorphology, the patterns formed by the streams, rivers, and lakes in a particular drainage basin. Also known as drainage systems or river systems.
According to the configuration of the channels, drainage systems can fall into one of several categories known as drainage patterns. Drainage patterns depend on the topography & geology of the land.
Drainage basins: The total land surface drained by a system of stream leading to the same outflow.
Drainage system: The stream, tributaries, and other bodies of water by which a region is called drained.
Drainage divide: The boundary between adjacent drainage basins.
An area of land drained by a river and its tributaries.
It is also called the Catchment area.
Any precipitation which falls into the basin is collected and drains into the main river or its tributaries by runoff, throughflow or groundwater flow.
Its boundary marked by a ridge of high land called watershed.
Drainage basins have one main stream and many tributaries.
Each tributaries of main stream forms sub-drainage basin.
Groundwater models are simplified representation of large and real hydrogeologic systems like river basins or watersheds. GWM is attempted to analyse the mechanisms which control the occurrence and movement of groundwater and to evaluate the policies, actions and designs which may affect the systems. These models are less complex prototypes of complex hydrogeologic systems developed using spatially varying aquifer parameters, hydrologic properties, geologic boundary conditions and positions of withdrawal wells or recharging structures. These are designed to compute how pumping or recharge might affect the local or regional groundwater levels.
The Presentation gives the overview of the process necessary for accomplishing the task for the preparation of Ground water movements and identification carried out by Rajiv gandhi national drinking water mission project.
How streams are classified? The most popular measurable terms classifying the flowing water body into "the stream order" are discussed in this presentation. .
Drainage pattern & morphometric analyses of drainage basinsUjjavalPatel16
Drainage Pattern & Morphometric analyses of drainage basins.
In geomorphology, the patterns formed by the streams, rivers, and lakes in a particular drainage basin. Also known as drainage systems or river systems.
According to the configuration of the channels, drainage systems can fall into one of several categories known as drainage patterns. Drainage patterns depend on the topography & geology of the land.
Drainage basins: The total land surface drained by a system of stream leading to the same outflow.
Drainage system: The stream, tributaries, and other bodies of water by which a region is called drained.
Drainage divide: The boundary between adjacent drainage basins.
An area of land drained by a river and its tributaries.
It is also called the Catchment area.
Any precipitation which falls into the basin is collected and drains into the main river or its tributaries by runoff, throughflow or groundwater flow.
Its boundary marked by a ridge of high land called watershed.
Drainage basins have one main stream and many tributaries.
Each tributaries of main stream forms sub-drainage basin.
Groundwater models are simplified representation of large and real hydrogeologic systems like river basins or watersheds. GWM is attempted to analyse the mechanisms which control the occurrence and movement of groundwater and to evaluate the policies, actions and designs which may affect the systems. These models are less complex prototypes of complex hydrogeologic systems developed using spatially varying aquifer parameters, hydrologic properties, geologic boundary conditions and positions of withdrawal wells or recharging structures. These are designed to compute how pumping or recharge might affect the local or regional groundwater levels.
The Presentation gives the overview of the process necessary for accomplishing the task for the preparation of Ground water movements and identification carried out by Rajiv gandhi national drinking water mission project.
How streams are classified? The most popular measurable terms classifying the flowing water body into "the stream order" are discussed in this presentation. .
C2VSim Workshop 5 - C2VSim Surface Water RepresentationCharlie Brush
The California Central Valley Groundwater-Surface Water Simulation Model (C2VSim) simulates the monthly response of the Central Valley’s groundwater and surface water flow system to historical stresses, and can also be used to simulate the response to projected future stresses. C2VSim contains monthly historical stream inflows, surface water diversions, precipitation, land use and crop acreages from October 1921 through September 2009. The model dynamically calculates crop water demands, allocates contributions from precipitation, soil moisture and surface water diversions, and calculates the groundwater pumpage required to meet the remaining demand.
Physiography of India- northern Mountains -Himalayas -Divisions of HimalayasLalit Thakare
Physiography of India- northern Mountains -Himalayas
THE NORTHERN MOUNTAINS ; Origin of Himalayas – Plate tectonics
Highest peaks of each range, Importance of Himalayas
Importance of Himalayas
Geological History of Himalayas
Physiographic divisions of Himalayas
Trans – Himalayan ranges
Greater Himalayas
Shiwalik / Outer Himalayas
Longitudinal divisions of Himalayas
Significance of Himalayas
Location, extent, Historical background of India, Lalit Thakare
Location, extent, Historical background of India,
Boundaries of India - Natural
Boundaries of India - neighbours
India’s Relationship with her Neighbors
India and China:China is India's largest trading partner.
Historical background of India
India today
GEO-POLITICAL IMPORTANCE OF INDIAN OCEAN
Chap 2 tropical geomorphology deep weathering in tropics - part 2Lalit Thakare
tropical geomorphology deep weathering in tropics
Tropical Regolith: Formation
the pH of Soil solution/groundwater:
Weathering and pH
Weathering and water table
Salt Weathering
Weathering and rock alteration
Regional Differences in Deep Weathered Profiles
Tropical Geomorphology -weathering in Tropics - part 1- Chap 2Lalit Thakare
Tropical Geomorphology -weathering in Tropics
Deep weathering Profiles in Tropics
Factors Affecting Deep Weathering in Tropics
Laterites
solubility and mobility of the minerals in tropics
1. DEFINITIONS OF OCEANOGRAPHY:-
2. Branches of oceanography
3. Nature of Oceanography
4. A Geographical approach into Oceanography
5. Importance of Oceanography
6. Contribution of oceanographers
7. DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN OCEANOGRAPHY
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
2. Hydraulic Geometry of a river
• At-a-Station geometry
• Downstream geometry
2SPC LMT22-07-2020
• Introduced by Luna Leopold and Maddock (1953).
• Hydraulic geometry deals with variation in channel characteristics
in relation to variations in discharge.
• Two sets of variations take place:
• variations at a particular cross section (at-a-station) and
• variations along the length of the stream (downstream variations).
3. • Hydraulic geometry describes the manner in which geometric parameters
changes with the discharge (Q in cfs-cubic feet per second).
• hydraulic characteristics of stream channels —
• d=depth(mean water depth),
• w=width(water-surface width),
• v=Velocity (mean velocity through the cross section),
• L=suspended load (usually concentration or transport, or both, of
suspended sediment),
• downstream slope, and
• channel friction.
are measured quantitatively and vary with discharge as simple power
functions at a given river cross section.
SPC LMT 322-07-2020
6. Some observations while studying H.G.
• b+f+m = 1 and a*c*k = 1 is not applicable to
bed-rock channels.
• At-a-station : Q (discharge) obtained at
various levels is different during at-a-station.
Water levels (WL- 1,2,3,4) show difference in
discharge at every level.
• Downstream: Q probably remains constant,
but w, velocity of water and depth varies
from D1 to D2 to D3 to D4.
22-07-2020 SPC LMT 6
At-a-station
Downstream
7. Relation between Q ,w ,v ,d, L.
• These relationships at a given channel cross section and downstream when plotted on graphs
are greatly similar even for river systems very different in physiographic setting. The
relationships are described by the term "hydraulic geometry‘.
22-07-2020 SPC LMT 7
Higher ‘ b’ value (width)=
indicates river must be from desert / glacial areas;
huge deposition of sand and silt.
Higher ‘ f’ value (depth)=
rivers from humid areas; heavy rains;
huge deposition of silt and clay; high SSL(suspended sediment
load).
Higher ‘ m’ value (velocity)= Rejuvenated rivers
Presence of gorges and knickpoints
8. Change in Q, w, v, d,
and L with respect to
the stream reaches.
22-07-2020 SPC LMT 8
