The transmission system in a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) coordinates power flow between the internal combustion engine, electric motor, and wheels. It uses a transmission control unit and complex electronics to switch between power sources based on driving conditions to optimize efficiency. HEVs can recover energy through regenerative braking and typically use a continuously variable transmission to smoothly distribute power. Future advancements may include more electric motors, advanced batteries, and optimized control systems to improve HEV performance and efficiency.
HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLES
1. INTRODUCTION
A hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) has two types of energy storage units, electricity and fuel.
Electricity means that a battery (sometimes assisted by ultracaps) is used to store the energy, and that an electromotor (from now on called motor) will be used as traction motor.
Fuel means that a tank is required, and that an Internal Combustion Engine (ICE, from now on called engine) is used to generate mechanical power, or that a fuel cell will be used to convert fuel to electrical energy. In the latter case, traction will be performed by the electromotor only. In the first case, the vehicle will have both an engine and a motor.
Depending on the drive train structure (how motor and engine are connected), we can distinguish between parallel, series or combined HEVs.
Depending on the share of the electromotor to the traction power, we can distinguish between mild or micro hybrid (start-stop systems), power assist hybrid, full hybrid and plug-in hybrid.
Depending on the nature of the non-electric energy source, we can distinguish between combustion (ICE), fuel cell, hydraulic or pneumatic power, and human power. In the first case, the ICE is a spark ignition engines (gasoline) or compression ignition direct injection (diesel) engine. In the first two cases, the energy conversion unit may be powered by gasoline, methanol, compressed natural gas, hydrogen, or other alternative fuels.
Motors are the "work horses" of Hybrid Electric Vehicle drive systems. The electric traction motor drives the wheels of the vehicle. Unlike a traditional vehicle, where the engine must "ramp up" before full torque can be provided, an electric motor provides full torque at low speeds. The motor also has low noise and high efficiency. Other characteristics include excellent "off the line" acceleration, good drive control, good fault tolerance and flexibility in relation to voltage fluctuations.
The front-running motor technologies for HEV applications include PMSM (permanent magnet synchronous motor), BLDC (brushless DC motor), SRM (switched reluctance motor) and AC induction motor.
A main advantage of an electromotor is the possibility to function as generator. In all HEV systems, mechanical braking energy is regenerated.
The maximum operational braking torque is less than the maximum traction torque; there is always a mechanical braking system integrated in a car.
The battery pack in a HEV has a much higher voltage than the SIL automotive 12 Volts battery, in order to reduce the currents and the I2R losses.
Accessories such as power steering and air conditioning are powered by electric motors instead of being attached to the combustion engine. This allows efficiency gains as the accessories can run at a constant speed or can be switched off, regardless of how fast the combustion engine is running. Especially in long haul trucks, electrical power steering saves a lot of energy.
HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLES
1. INTRODUCTION
A hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) has two types of energy storage units, electricity and fuel.
Electricity means that a battery (sometimes assisted by ultracaps) is used to store the energy, and that an electromotor (from now on called motor) will be used as traction motor.
Fuel means that a tank is required, and that an Internal Combustion Engine (ICE, from now on called engine) is used to generate mechanical power, or that a fuel cell will be used to convert fuel to electrical energy. In the latter case, traction will be performed by the electromotor only. In the first case, the vehicle will have both an engine and a motor.
Depending on the drive train structure (how motor and engine are connected), we can distinguish between parallel, series or combined HEVs.
Depending on the share of the electromotor to the traction power, we can distinguish between mild or micro hybrid (start-stop systems), power assist hybrid, full hybrid and plug-in hybrid.
Depending on the nature of the non-electric energy source, we can distinguish between combustion (ICE), fuel cell, hydraulic or pneumatic power, and human power. In the first case, the ICE is a spark ignition engines (gasoline) or compression ignition direct injection (diesel) engine. In the first two cases, the energy conversion unit may be powered by gasoline, methanol, compressed natural gas, hydrogen, or other alternative fuels.
Motors are the "work horses" of Hybrid Electric Vehicle drive systems. The electric traction motor drives the wheels of the vehicle. Unlike a traditional vehicle, where the engine must "ramp up" before full torque can be provided, an electric motor provides full torque at low speeds. The motor also has low noise and high efficiency. Other characteristics include excellent "off the line" acceleration, good drive control, good fault tolerance and flexibility in relation to voltage fluctuations.
The front-running motor technologies for HEV applications include PMSM (permanent magnet synchronous motor), BLDC (brushless DC motor), SRM (switched reluctance motor) and AC induction motor.
A main advantage of an electromotor is the possibility to function as generator. In all HEV systems, mechanical braking energy is regenerated.
The maximum operational braking torque is less than the maximum traction torque; there is always a mechanical braking system integrated in a car.
The battery pack in a HEV has a much higher voltage than the SIL automotive 12 Volts battery, in order to reduce the currents and the I2R losses.
Accessories such as power steering and air conditioning are powered by electric motors instead of being attached to the combustion engine. This allows efficiency gains as the accessories can run at a constant speed or can be switched off, regardless of how fast the combustion engine is running. Especially in long haul trucks, electrical power steering saves a lot of energy.
A brief Seminar Presentation on the Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) Powertrain Components, Architecture and Modes of Hybridisation. Also includes the Classification of HEV on the basis of Energy Flow.
types of the hybrid vehicle are discussed, series, parallel, complex, series-parallel, micro-hybrid, mild hybrid, full hybrid, and complex hybrid is discussed
A detailed presentation about hybrid car and its motor drives.It helps you to understand more about HEV in detail.And also it contains all parts of HEV.
A brief Seminar Presentation on the Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) Powertrain Components, Architecture and Modes of Hybridisation. Also includes the Classification of HEV on the basis of Energy Flow.
types of the hybrid vehicle are discussed, series, parallel, complex, series-parallel, micro-hybrid, mild hybrid, full hybrid, and complex hybrid is discussed
A detailed presentation about hybrid car and its motor drives.It helps you to understand more about HEV in detail.And also it contains all parts of HEV.
A Case Study on Hybrid Electric Vehicles.pdfbagulibibidh
A Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) is a modern combination of an internal combustion
engine (ICE) and an electric propulsion system (hybrid drivetrain). The electric
powertrain is used in an HEV to achieve better fuel economy than a conventional
vehicle for better performance. HEVs can be classified according to powertrain,
hybridization, and Energy Management Systems (EMS). Modern HEVs use energy-
efficiency technologies such as regenerative braking that converts the vehicles kinetic
energy into electric energy that is stored in battery or supercapacitors. The battery is
connected to an ECU (Electronic Control Unit) and a BMS (Battery Management
System). To maintain the cooling of the engine and BMS it is connected to a coolant.
In this case study we are going to study about the following things in an HEV :-
1. Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) subsystems
2. Toyota Prius Powertrain
3. Transmission system in HEV
4. Use of Brushless DC Motor (BLDC) and Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor
(PMSM)
5. The steering system
6. Braking system in HEV with regeneration
7. Suspension system with construction, working, type and necessity
An electric vehicle (EV) is a mode of transport which is powered by electricity. Unlike conventional vehicles that use a gasoline (petrol) or diesel-powered engine, electric cars and trucks use an electric motor powered by electricity from batteries or a fuel cell. A key advantage of EVs over other forms of transport is that they hold the potential to significantly reduce pollution by having zero exhaust emissions.
UNIT-V-ELECTRIC AND HYBRID VEHICLES.pptxprakash0712
Electric Vehicles: History of electric vehicles - components of electric vehicle - layout & working of electric vehicles – comparison with internal combustion engine - advantages and disadvantages of EV.
Hybrid Vehicles: Components of hybrid vehicles – layout & working principle of hybrid vehicles - comparison with electric vehicles - advantages and disadvantages of hybrid vehicles.
UNIT-V-ELECTRIC AND HYBRID VEHICLES.pptxShanmathyAR2
ELECTRIC AND HYBRID VEHICLES
Electric Vehicles: History of electric vehicles - components of electric vehicle – layout & working of electric vehicles – comparison with internal combustion engine - advantages and disadvantages of EV.
Hybrid Vehicles: Components of hybrid vehicles – layout & working principle of hybrid vehicles - comparison with electric vehicles - advantages and disadvantages of hybrid vehicles.
Electric Vehicles: History of electric vehicles - components of electric vehicle – layout & working of electric vehicles – comparison with internal combustion engine - advantages and disadvantages of EV.
Hybrid Vehicles: Components of hybrid vehicles – layout & working principle of hybrid vehicles - comparison with electric vehicles - advantages and disadvantages of hybrid vehicles.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Top 10 Oil and Gas Projects in Saudi Arabia 2024.pdf
Hybrid Electric Vehicles.pptx
1. TRANSMISSION SYSTEM OF HEV
Presented By :
1. Bhavesh Borse
2. Satinder Singh
3. Tanveer Batra
4. Alan Abraham
5. Manish Das
6. Rupesh Bua
2. A Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) is a type of vehicle that
combines two or more power sources, usually an internal
combustion engine and an electric motor, to power the
vehicle.
HEVs use a complex system of electronics and controls
to switch between the different power sources, depending
on the driving conditions, to optimize fuel efficiency and
reduce emissions.
What is an HEV
3. HEVs can also use regenerative braking to recover
energy that would otherwise be lost during braking, which
helps to recharge the battery and improve overall
efficiency.
4. Components Of HEV
1.Internal Combustion Engine (ICE).
2.Electric Motor.
3.Battery Pack.
4.Transmission.
5.Power Control Unit (PCU).
6.Regenerative Braking System.
7.Auxiliary Battery.
8.Fuel Tank.
9.Control System.
5. The transmission system in a Hybrid Electric Vehicle
(HEV) works by coordinating the power flow between the
internal combustion engine, electric motor, and wheels to
deliver power to the vehicle's drivetrain.
The transmission system can operate in different modes,
depending on the driving conditions, to optimize fuel
efficiency and performance.
Working of the Transmission
System In HEV
6. The system is controlled by a Transmission Control Unit
(TCU) that uses data from sensors to determine the
optimal power distribution between the engine and electric
motor.
7. Transmission Control Unit (TCU): This is the electronic control unit that
coordinates the power output of the engine and electric motor.
Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT): HEVs typically use a CVT instead
of a traditional automatic or manual transmission. The CVT allows for a
smoother and more efficient power delivery, as the gear ratio can be
continuously adjusted to match the driving conditions.
Power Split Device (PSD): This is a specialized device that splits the power
output from the engine and electric motor to drive the wheels.
Components Of Transmission in HEV
8. Electric Motor Generator (MG): The electric motor generator is a
component of the transmission system that can act as both a motor
and generator.
Gear Selector: The gear selector allows the driver to select
different driving modes, such as electric-only, hybrid, or sport.
12. 1. Parallel hybrid: In this configuration, both the electric
motor and the combustion engine are connected to the
transmission and can drive the wheels.
2. Series hybrid: In a series hybrid, the electric motor is
the primary power source, and the combustion engine
acts as a generator to charge the battery or provide
additional power when needed.
Types of Hybrid Electric Vehicles.
13. • Power-split hybrid: This type of HEV uses a combination
of the parallel and series configurations. The electric
motor and the combustion engine are both connected to
the transmission and can work together or separately to
drive the wheels, depending on the driving conditions.
14. • More Electric Motors: Future HEVs may incorporate more electric motors to
improve performance and efficiency. This could include dual motor systems
with one motor for each axle, or even quad motor systems with one motor
per wheel.
• More Advanced Batteries: The development of more advanced and efficient
batteries, such as solid-state batteries, could increase the range and
performance of HEVs.
• More Advanced Power Electronics: Improved power electronics, such as
silicon carbide (SiC) and gallium nitride (GaN) components, could increase
the efficiency of the transmission system and reduce losses.
Future of Hybrid Electric Vehicles.
15. • Continuously Variable Transmissions: Continuously variable
transmissions (CVTs) are already commonly used in HEVs, but future
advancements could make them even more efficient and versatile.
• Use of Synthetic Fuels: Synthetic fuels, such as hydrogen or synthetic
methane, could be used in conjunction with HEV transmission systems to
further reduce emissions and improve efficiency.
• Advanced Control Systems: Advanced control systems, such as machine
learning and artificial intelligence, could be used to optimize the power
distribution between the engine and electric motor, as well as other vehicle
systems, to further improve performance and efficiency.
