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Humanistic therapies
- 1. Humanistic Therapies • Humanistictherapies focus on self-development, growth and responsibilities. They seek to help individuals recognise their strengths, creativity and choice in the 'here and now’ • The humanistic approach in psychology developed as a rebellion against what some psychologists saw as limitations of the behaviorist and psychodynamic psychology. The humanistic approach is thus often called the “third force” in psychology after psychoanalysis and behaviorism (Maslow, 1968).
- 2. Features of HumanisticTheories • For Carl Rogers (1902–1987), the self is a central concept for personality • self signals a key feature of all humanistic theories, which is an emphasis on the drive toward self-actualization • Self-actualization is a constant striving to realize one’s inherent potential • The striving toward self-fulfillment is a constructive, guiding force that moves each person toward generally positive behaviors and enhancement of the self.
- 3. • The drivefor self-actualization at times comes into conflict with the need for approval from the self and others eg: when a child misbehaves, parents should emphasize that it is the behavior they disapprove of, not the child • As an adult, you need to give to and receive unconditional positive regard from those to whom you are close. Most important, you need to feel unconditional positive self-regard, or acceptance of yourself, in spite of the weaknesses you might be trying to change
- 4. Maslow’s Hierarchy ofBasic Needs Self-actualization Needs Esteem Needs Love & Belonging Needs Safety Needs Biological Needs
- 5. • In addition,humanistictheories have been described as being holistic, dispositional and phenomenological • Holistic :-Humanistic theories are holistic because they explain people’s separate acts in terms of their entire personalities; people are not seen as the sum of discrete traits that each influence behavior in different ways • Dispositional :-Humanistic theories are dispositional because they focus on the innate qualities within a person that exert a major influence over the direction behavior will take
- 6. • Phenomenological :-Humanistictheories are phenomenological because they emphasize an individual’s frame of reference and subjective view of reality—not the objective perspective of an observer or of a therapist
- 7. Unconditional positive regard •We need this to accept all parts of our personality. • With this we know we are loved & valued for being who we are. • Parents can do this, by it clear that their love is not contingent on the child’s behavior (even when such behavior is abhored).
- 8. • Humanistic theoristsemphasized each individual’s drive toward self-actualization. This group recognized, however, that people’s progress toward this goal is determined, in part, by realities of their environments. We turn now to theories that directly examine how individuals’ behaviors are shaped by their environments.
- 9. Goal of HumanisticTherapy • the goal of a humanistic therapy was to help the individual achieve the joy of self-realization and promote the inherent constructive forces in human nature that support a striving for self-fulfillment • Believe in Free Will – Humanist do not believe that human being are pushed and pulled by mechanical forces, either of stimuli and reinforcements (behaviorism) or of unconscious instinctual impulses (psychoanalysis). • Emphasize the uniqueness of each individual • Believe that humans strive for an upper level of capabilities. • Humans seek the frontiers of creativity, the highest reaches of consciousness and wisdom.