This document discusses perspectives on the self from philosophy, sociology, and anthropology. In philosophy, thinkers like Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle viewed the self as consisting of both a physical body and an immortal soul or essence. In sociology, theorists such as Mead, Cooley, and Goffman examined how the self is socially constructed through interaction with others. Anthropology studies various aspects of human culture, language, biology, and archaeology to understand what it means to be human.
The document discusses different perspectives on the self from various disciplines such as philosophy, psychology, and neuroscience. It examines philosophers like Socrates, Plato, Descartes, Hume, Kant, and others who have conceptualized the self in different ways. For example, Socrates believed the self is comprised of a body and soul, while Freud saw the self as made up of the id, ego, and superego. The document aims to help students understand the complex and multifaceted nature of the self through analyzing how it has been represented across various fields and perspectives.
This document discusses different perspectives on the self from philosophers such as Socrates, Plato, Augustine, Descartes, Locke, Hume, Freud, and sociologists such as Mead. Socrates believed in knowing oneself through introspection. Plato viewed the soul as having three parts. Augustine saw man as having a bifurcated nature between the imperfect world and seeking the divine. Descartes distinguished between the mind and body. Locke proposed the tabula rasa concept. Hume saw the self as a bundle of impressions and ideas. Freud described the id, ego and superego. Mead discussed how the social self develops through language, role-taking, and the generalized other.
This document provides an overview of different philosophical perspectives on the self, including:
1) Socrates, Plato, Augustine, and Thomas Aquinas viewed the self as dualistic, composed of both body and soul or mind.
2) Descartes defined the self as the mind and thought separate from the body.
3) Hume saw the self as a "bundle of impressions" with no unified essence.
4) Mead and Vygotsky argued that language and social interaction shape cognitive development and the emergence of self-concept during childhood.
5) Psychology defines the self as a sense of personal identity developed through interactions with others and social/cultural influences over time.
In this module, you will journey to the very heart of this course: Philosophy as a subject presents various philosophers offering multiple perspectives on just about any topic including the self. Philosophically, discussion of the self is a basic search for meaning and purpose in life. Determination, rationalization, and identification of the self-set the direction from which an individual travel to fulfill his or her purpose in life. The inability to define oneself leads to a lot of contradictions within the self later on; hence, it is one of the many imperatives in life to know oneself and to go on with the business of leading a life charted by oneself.
Understanding the self - lecture 3 HAND-OUTShin Chan
This document provides an overview of psychological theories of the self. It discusses cognition and defines the self as a sense of personal identity. William James and Carl Rogers conceptualized the self as consisting of an "I" that thinks and acts and a "me" that encompasses characteristics and capabilities. The self is also described as a cognitive construct known as self-concept or identity, composed of personal traits, social roles, and responsibilities. Psychological theories see the self as a mental construct created and recreated through interactions with others and experiences over time.
The document discusses different philosophical perspectives on the concept of self. It explains that according to Socrates and Plato, the self is the soul rather than the physical body, and is immortal. Plato viewed the self as having three parts - the rational, spirited, and appetitive parts. Aristotle believed the essence is subsumed within phenomena. For Augustine, the self is defined by its relationship to God. Aquinas argued self-knowledge depends on experiences of the external world. Descartes defined the self as a thinking thing distinct from the body.
The document discusses different philosophical perspectives on the self and identity. It describes the views of several prominent philosophers including: Socrates, who said people should know themselves; Plato, who saw the soul as having rational, spirited, and appetitive parts; Augustine, who viewed humans as having both imperfect earthly and perfect immortal aspects; and Descartes, who argued "I think therefore I am" and saw the self as the mind separate from the body. Later philosophers discussed include Hume, Kant, Ryle, and Merleau-Ponty.
This document provides an introduction to the philosophy of the human person. It discusses the nature and definitions of philosophy, examining perspectives from Pythagoras to modern existentialism. It explores major themes in the philosophy of man like embodiment, social nature, freedom, and the search for meaning and values. The document also outlines the major branches of philosophy and different philosophical approaches to studying human nature, shifting from a cosmocentric to a theocentric to an anthropocentric focus over time.
The document discusses different perspectives on the self from various disciplines such as philosophy, psychology, and neuroscience. It examines philosophers like Socrates, Plato, Descartes, Hume, Kant, and others who have conceptualized the self in different ways. For example, Socrates believed the self is comprised of a body and soul, while Freud saw the self as made up of the id, ego, and superego. The document aims to help students understand the complex and multifaceted nature of the self through analyzing how it has been represented across various fields and perspectives.
This document discusses different perspectives on the self from philosophers such as Socrates, Plato, Augustine, Descartes, Locke, Hume, Freud, and sociologists such as Mead. Socrates believed in knowing oneself through introspection. Plato viewed the soul as having three parts. Augustine saw man as having a bifurcated nature between the imperfect world and seeking the divine. Descartes distinguished between the mind and body. Locke proposed the tabula rasa concept. Hume saw the self as a bundle of impressions and ideas. Freud described the id, ego and superego. Mead discussed how the social self develops through language, role-taking, and the generalized other.
This document provides an overview of different philosophical perspectives on the self, including:
1) Socrates, Plato, Augustine, and Thomas Aquinas viewed the self as dualistic, composed of both body and soul or mind.
2) Descartes defined the self as the mind and thought separate from the body.
3) Hume saw the self as a "bundle of impressions" with no unified essence.
4) Mead and Vygotsky argued that language and social interaction shape cognitive development and the emergence of self-concept during childhood.
5) Psychology defines the self as a sense of personal identity developed through interactions with others and social/cultural influences over time.
In this module, you will journey to the very heart of this course: Philosophy as a subject presents various philosophers offering multiple perspectives on just about any topic including the self. Philosophically, discussion of the self is a basic search for meaning and purpose in life. Determination, rationalization, and identification of the self-set the direction from which an individual travel to fulfill his or her purpose in life. The inability to define oneself leads to a lot of contradictions within the self later on; hence, it is one of the many imperatives in life to know oneself and to go on with the business of leading a life charted by oneself.
Understanding the self - lecture 3 HAND-OUTShin Chan
This document provides an overview of psychological theories of the self. It discusses cognition and defines the self as a sense of personal identity. William James and Carl Rogers conceptualized the self as consisting of an "I" that thinks and acts and a "me" that encompasses characteristics and capabilities. The self is also described as a cognitive construct known as self-concept or identity, composed of personal traits, social roles, and responsibilities. Psychological theories see the self as a mental construct created and recreated through interactions with others and experiences over time.
The document discusses different philosophical perspectives on the concept of self. It explains that according to Socrates and Plato, the self is the soul rather than the physical body, and is immortal. Plato viewed the self as having three parts - the rational, spirited, and appetitive parts. Aristotle believed the essence is subsumed within phenomena. For Augustine, the self is defined by its relationship to God. Aquinas argued self-knowledge depends on experiences of the external world. Descartes defined the self as a thinking thing distinct from the body.
The document discusses different philosophical perspectives on the self and identity. It describes the views of several prominent philosophers including: Socrates, who said people should know themselves; Plato, who saw the soul as having rational, spirited, and appetitive parts; Augustine, who viewed humans as having both imperfect earthly and perfect immortal aspects; and Descartes, who argued "I think therefore I am" and saw the self as the mind separate from the body. Later philosophers discussed include Hume, Kant, Ryle, and Merleau-Ponty.
This document provides an introduction to the philosophy of the human person. It discusses the nature and definitions of philosophy, examining perspectives from Pythagoras to modern existentialism. It explores major themes in the philosophy of man like embodiment, social nature, freedom, and the search for meaning and values. The document also outlines the major branches of philosophy and different philosophical approaches to studying human nature, shifting from a cosmocentric to a theocentric to an anthropocentric focus over time.
The self is a complex cognitive construct that is shaped by both internal and external factors. Internally, the self consists of the "I" that thinks and acts and the "me" that is one's self-concept and identity. Externally, the self develops through social interactions and comparisons with others. It is also influenced by societal and historical contexts. The self is not fixed but changes over time and situation. Self-awareness and self-esteem impact one's self-concept and behavior toward others.
Defining the Self:Personal and Developmental Perspectives on Self and IdentityKimberlyLina1
The document discusses different philosophical perspectives on the self and identity. It describes the views of several prominent philosophers including: Socrates, who said people should know themselves; Plato, who saw the soul as having rational, spirited, and appetitive parts; Augustine, who viewed humans as having both imperfect earthly and perfect immortal aspects; and Descartes, who argued "I think therefore I am" and saw the self as the mind separate from the body. Later philosophers discussed include Hume, Kant, Ryle, and Merleau-Ponty.
Environmental philosophy examines humanity's relationship with the natural world. It considers humanity's role in environmental changes and its responsibility to respond to challenges. Views range from anthropocentrism, which sees humans as the central cause of changes, to deep ecology, which emphasizes humanity's interdependence with all living things. Environmental ethics emerged to advocate humanity's moral duty to preserve nature for its intrinsic value and humanity's long term survival. Philosophical perspectives influence environmental action, policy, and international cooperation to address issues like climate change and pollution.
This document outlines lessons on intersubjectivity and accepting differences in others. It discusses several objectives, including realizing that accepting differences is important in human relationships. It also explains that authentic dialogue means accepting others even if they differ. Two key aspects discussed are:
1) One must accept others and their differences, which is a critical part of intersubjectivity.
2) Not imposing one's own thoughts or ideas on others is another way of accepting differences.
It also references concepts like paternalism, legal moralism, and Fromm's elements of love as being care, responsibility, respect and knowledge. The overall goal is helping students understand the importance of accepting others as they are.
Understanding the self - lecture 4 HAND-OUTShin Chan
This document summarizes and compares Eastern and Western concepts of the self. It discusses how Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism in the East view the self as interconnected with community and nature, promoting self-cultivation and selflessness for the harmony of all. Western thought sees the self as an individual distinct from others and emphasizes competition. The document also notes the Philippines has been influenced by both Eastern and Western perspectives.
1. The document discusses the relationship between the self and external reality from various perspectives. It argues that the self is not a static entity but is constantly shaped by social interactions and cultural influences.
2. Language, family, gender, and other social and cultural factors actively contribute to the development of the self. The self takes on different roles and behaviors depending on the social situation and context.
3. The self is multifaceted and dynamic. It morphs according to external circumstances through social construction of identity. The boundaries between self and social contexts cannot be easily separated.
The document discusses different perspectives on the human person as an embodied spirit from ancient and contemporary thought. It describes the human person as composed of both body and soul, with the soul being the spiritual or immaterial part. Plato viewed the soul and body as distinct, while Augustine believed they constitute a single person. Descartes argued that the mind is primary over the body, viewing the body as a machine for the mind. This perspective has had impacts such as perception prioritizing intellectual labor over manual. The document covers various thinkers' takes on the relationship between the human body and soul.
The self is a complex cognitive construct that is shaped by both internal and external factors. Internally, the self consists of the "I" that thinks and acts and the "me" that is one's self-concept and identity. Externally, the self develops through social interactions and comparisons with others. The self is also influenced by social and historical contexts. It involves mental representations of the actual, ideal, and ought selves that can impact self-esteem and behaviors. Maintaining a positive self-concept and self-esteem sometimes leads to narcissism and prioritizing oneself over others in relationships.
The document discusses the spiritual self and how it relates to spirituality and religion. The spiritual self is described as one's inner essence that connects them to higher powers and gives life deeper meaning. It develops through interaction, observation, and imitation. Spirituality originally referred to the Holy Spirit in early Christianity and involves worship to understand God. Religion is defined as an organized system of beliefs and practices used to interpret aspects beyond human control and fulfills social and psychological needs. Religion affects the spiritual self by providing beliefs, guidance, moral teachings on treating others, and transcending rituals to find purpose.
This document provides an overview of philosophy of the human person and existentialism. It discusses how philosophy begins in wonder and aims to understand human life and reality as a whole. Existentialism emphasizes the individual's existence and freedom over rationalism. While existentialist philosophies diverge, they commonly focus on humans as actors and subjects rather than objects, and stress existence as situatedness and freedom in different ways. The document explores various existentialist thinkers like Kierkegaard, Heidegger, Sartre, and their views on authentic versus inauthentic existence.
The spiritual self refers to one's search for meaning and purpose through morally responsible relationships with others. It involves both a transcendent belief in something beyond the physical world as well as an immanent discovery of the transcendent within one's own experiences. Finding meaning in life can come from experiencing reality authentically, contributing value to the world through creativity and service, and maintaining a positive attitude even when facing difficulties beyond one's control.
This module is designed for the learner to understand the meaning and process of doing philosophy. It aimed also for the learner to reflect on a concrete experience in a philosophical way.
This is for everybody who are teaching Introduction to the Philosophy of Human Person.
You're welcome in advance.
Introduction to Philosophy of the Human Person
Human Person
Human Living
Human Freedom
Intersubjectivity of the Human Person
Human Person in his/her environment
Human Person in the Society
Human Person as Oriented towards their Impending death
The document discusses the concept of "doing philosophy" through analyzing a story called "Six Blind Men and the Elephant." It tells of six blind men who each touch a different part of an elephant and come to different conclusions about what the elephant is like based on their limited perspectives. The story illustrates that having only a partial view can lead people to think they have the whole truth. It also relates this idea to religious disagreements. The document aims to explain what philosophy is through distinguishing it from opinions, exploring its purpose of seeking wisdom, and examining how taking multiple perspectives is important for understanding complex issues.
THE SELF FROM VARIOUS PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVES.pptxRezanmeSalomon1
The document discusses different philosophical perspectives on the self. It begins with Socrates and Plato's view that the soul is immortal and dualistic, consisting of both a physical body and an eternal soul. It then discusses Aristotle's hylomorphism where matter and form combine. Later perspectives discussed include Augustine synthesizing Plato and Christianity, Descartes distinguishing between an immortal thinking self and a material body, Locke's view of the self as founded on consciousness, Hume's perspective that there is no fixed self but only perceptions, and Kant's idea that the mind actively constructs experience into a unified self. It concludes with Ryle's behaviorist view that the self is defined by patterns of behavior.
This document discusses how material possessions can become part of one's identity and sense of self. It provides evidence that money can change how people view themselves and others. Having more money and possessions can lead people to feel more self-sufficient but also less ethical. The document also examines how collections, pets, and body parts can all become extensions of people's self-identity. Losing possessions, especially those with sentimental value, can negatively impact victims emotionally.
This document provides an overview of philosophy and the philosophy of the human person. It defines philosophy as the systematic study of truth and the principles of beings through reason and faith. The document discusses the etymology and definitions of philosophy. It also outlines different levels and branches of wisdom and philosophy. In particular, it distinguishes between natural wisdom gained through reason and supernatural wisdom gained through faith. The document contrasts philosophy and theology, and discusses the importance and theoretical and practical branches of philosophy, including metaphysics, ethics, and aesthetics.
The document discusses different philosophers' views on the concept of self:
1. For Socrates, self-examination is essential to living an examined life. He questioned people's awareness of themselves and their virtues.
2. Plato added that the rational, spirited, and appetitive souls must be governed by reason.
3. Augustine and Aquinas viewed humans as composed of a mortal body and immortal soul, with the soul giving humans their essence.
4. Descartes defined self as mind/consciousness, separate from the extended body. Hume saw self as a bundle of impressions and ideas. Kant argued the mind organizes sense impressions.
5. Ryle rejected the
Detailed Lesson Plan in Introduction to Philosophy of the Human Person.docxRENECATALANLACABA
This lesson plan aims to teach students about traditional Filipino beliefs and superstitions. It will have them identify existing beliefs in their community, explain how those beliefs impact society, and appreciate Filipino culture. Students will present different superstitions through skits or storyboards. The teacher will then explain the concepts of superstition and how they originated in the Philippines from various influences. While superstitions are part of Filipino heritage, students will discuss how they can also promote fatalism, endanger health, close-mindedness, and hinder community development. The lesson evaluates learning through an essay on how superstitions impact and change individuals in society.
1. The document discusses different philosophical concepts of the self from thinkers like Plato, Aristotle, Descartes, Locke, Hume, Freud, Kant, Ryle, and Merleau-Ponty.
2. Plato viewed the human soul as having three parts - rational, spirited, and appetitive - while Aristotle saw the soul as the essence of a person's being through intellect.
3. Descartes argued "I think therefore I am" and separated mind and body, while Hume believed there is no fixed self and it is simply a collection of perceptions.
This document provides an overview of different philosophical perspectives on the self. It discusses ancient Greek philosophers like Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle and their views that the self is composed of both a body and an immortal soul. It outlines Plato's view that the soul has three parts and should be rational and in control. Later philosophers discussed include Descartes, who argued the self is known through conscious thought, Locke's view of tabula rasa, and Hume's perspective that there is no fixed self. Overall, the document examines how philosophy has sought to understand the nature, identity and existence of the self.
The self is a complex cognitive construct that is shaped by both internal and external factors. Internally, the self consists of the "I" that thinks and acts and the "me" that is one's self-concept and identity. Externally, the self develops through social interactions and comparisons with others. It is also influenced by societal and historical contexts. The self is not fixed but changes over time and situation. Self-awareness and self-esteem impact one's self-concept and behavior toward others.
Defining the Self:Personal and Developmental Perspectives on Self and IdentityKimberlyLina1
The document discusses different philosophical perspectives on the self and identity. It describes the views of several prominent philosophers including: Socrates, who said people should know themselves; Plato, who saw the soul as having rational, spirited, and appetitive parts; Augustine, who viewed humans as having both imperfect earthly and perfect immortal aspects; and Descartes, who argued "I think therefore I am" and saw the self as the mind separate from the body. Later philosophers discussed include Hume, Kant, Ryle, and Merleau-Ponty.
Environmental philosophy examines humanity's relationship with the natural world. It considers humanity's role in environmental changes and its responsibility to respond to challenges. Views range from anthropocentrism, which sees humans as the central cause of changes, to deep ecology, which emphasizes humanity's interdependence with all living things. Environmental ethics emerged to advocate humanity's moral duty to preserve nature for its intrinsic value and humanity's long term survival. Philosophical perspectives influence environmental action, policy, and international cooperation to address issues like climate change and pollution.
This document outlines lessons on intersubjectivity and accepting differences in others. It discusses several objectives, including realizing that accepting differences is important in human relationships. It also explains that authentic dialogue means accepting others even if they differ. Two key aspects discussed are:
1) One must accept others and their differences, which is a critical part of intersubjectivity.
2) Not imposing one's own thoughts or ideas on others is another way of accepting differences.
It also references concepts like paternalism, legal moralism, and Fromm's elements of love as being care, responsibility, respect and knowledge. The overall goal is helping students understand the importance of accepting others as they are.
Understanding the self - lecture 4 HAND-OUTShin Chan
This document summarizes and compares Eastern and Western concepts of the self. It discusses how Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism in the East view the self as interconnected with community and nature, promoting self-cultivation and selflessness for the harmony of all. Western thought sees the self as an individual distinct from others and emphasizes competition. The document also notes the Philippines has been influenced by both Eastern and Western perspectives.
1. The document discusses the relationship between the self and external reality from various perspectives. It argues that the self is not a static entity but is constantly shaped by social interactions and cultural influences.
2. Language, family, gender, and other social and cultural factors actively contribute to the development of the self. The self takes on different roles and behaviors depending on the social situation and context.
3. The self is multifaceted and dynamic. It morphs according to external circumstances through social construction of identity. The boundaries between self and social contexts cannot be easily separated.
The document discusses different perspectives on the human person as an embodied spirit from ancient and contemporary thought. It describes the human person as composed of both body and soul, with the soul being the spiritual or immaterial part. Plato viewed the soul and body as distinct, while Augustine believed they constitute a single person. Descartes argued that the mind is primary over the body, viewing the body as a machine for the mind. This perspective has had impacts such as perception prioritizing intellectual labor over manual. The document covers various thinkers' takes on the relationship between the human body and soul.
The self is a complex cognitive construct that is shaped by both internal and external factors. Internally, the self consists of the "I" that thinks and acts and the "me" that is one's self-concept and identity. Externally, the self develops through social interactions and comparisons with others. The self is also influenced by social and historical contexts. It involves mental representations of the actual, ideal, and ought selves that can impact self-esteem and behaviors. Maintaining a positive self-concept and self-esteem sometimes leads to narcissism and prioritizing oneself over others in relationships.
The document discusses the spiritual self and how it relates to spirituality and religion. The spiritual self is described as one's inner essence that connects them to higher powers and gives life deeper meaning. It develops through interaction, observation, and imitation. Spirituality originally referred to the Holy Spirit in early Christianity and involves worship to understand God. Religion is defined as an organized system of beliefs and practices used to interpret aspects beyond human control and fulfills social and psychological needs. Religion affects the spiritual self by providing beliefs, guidance, moral teachings on treating others, and transcending rituals to find purpose.
This document provides an overview of philosophy of the human person and existentialism. It discusses how philosophy begins in wonder and aims to understand human life and reality as a whole. Existentialism emphasizes the individual's existence and freedom over rationalism. While existentialist philosophies diverge, they commonly focus on humans as actors and subjects rather than objects, and stress existence as situatedness and freedom in different ways. The document explores various existentialist thinkers like Kierkegaard, Heidegger, Sartre, and their views on authentic versus inauthentic existence.
The spiritual self refers to one's search for meaning and purpose through morally responsible relationships with others. It involves both a transcendent belief in something beyond the physical world as well as an immanent discovery of the transcendent within one's own experiences. Finding meaning in life can come from experiencing reality authentically, contributing value to the world through creativity and service, and maintaining a positive attitude even when facing difficulties beyond one's control.
This module is designed for the learner to understand the meaning and process of doing philosophy. It aimed also for the learner to reflect on a concrete experience in a philosophical way.
This is for everybody who are teaching Introduction to the Philosophy of Human Person.
You're welcome in advance.
Introduction to Philosophy of the Human Person
Human Person
Human Living
Human Freedom
Intersubjectivity of the Human Person
Human Person in his/her environment
Human Person in the Society
Human Person as Oriented towards their Impending death
The document discusses the concept of "doing philosophy" through analyzing a story called "Six Blind Men and the Elephant." It tells of six blind men who each touch a different part of an elephant and come to different conclusions about what the elephant is like based on their limited perspectives. The story illustrates that having only a partial view can lead people to think they have the whole truth. It also relates this idea to religious disagreements. The document aims to explain what philosophy is through distinguishing it from opinions, exploring its purpose of seeking wisdom, and examining how taking multiple perspectives is important for understanding complex issues.
THE SELF FROM VARIOUS PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVES.pptxRezanmeSalomon1
The document discusses different philosophical perspectives on the self. It begins with Socrates and Plato's view that the soul is immortal and dualistic, consisting of both a physical body and an eternal soul. It then discusses Aristotle's hylomorphism where matter and form combine. Later perspectives discussed include Augustine synthesizing Plato and Christianity, Descartes distinguishing between an immortal thinking self and a material body, Locke's view of the self as founded on consciousness, Hume's perspective that there is no fixed self but only perceptions, and Kant's idea that the mind actively constructs experience into a unified self. It concludes with Ryle's behaviorist view that the self is defined by patterns of behavior.
This document discusses how material possessions can become part of one's identity and sense of self. It provides evidence that money can change how people view themselves and others. Having more money and possessions can lead people to feel more self-sufficient but also less ethical. The document also examines how collections, pets, and body parts can all become extensions of people's self-identity. Losing possessions, especially those with sentimental value, can negatively impact victims emotionally.
This document provides an overview of philosophy and the philosophy of the human person. It defines philosophy as the systematic study of truth and the principles of beings through reason and faith. The document discusses the etymology and definitions of philosophy. It also outlines different levels and branches of wisdom and philosophy. In particular, it distinguishes between natural wisdom gained through reason and supernatural wisdom gained through faith. The document contrasts philosophy and theology, and discusses the importance and theoretical and practical branches of philosophy, including metaphysics, ethics, and aesthetics.
The document discusses different philosophers' views on the concept of self:
1. For Socrates, self-examination is essential to living an examined life. He questioned people's awareness of themselves and their virtues.
2. Plato added that the rational, spirited, and appetitive souls must be governed by reason.
3. Augustine and Aquinas viewed humans as composed of a mortal body and immortal soul, with the soul giving humans their essence.
4. Descartes defined self as mind/consciousness, separate from the extended body. Hume saw self as a bundle of impressions and ideas. Kant argued the mind organizes sense impressions.
5. Ryle rejected the
Detailed Lesson Plan in Introduction to Philosophy of the Human Person.docxRENECATALANLACABA
This lesson plan aims to teach students about traditional Filipino beliefs and superstitions. It will have them identify existing beliefs in their community, explain how those beliefs impact society, and appreciate Filipino culture. Students will present different superstitions through skits or storyboards. The teacher will then explain the concepts of superstition and how they originated in the Philippines from various influences. While superstitions are part of Filipino heritage, students will discuss how they can also promote fatalism, endanger health, close-mindedness, and hinder community development. The lesson evaluates learning through an essay on how superstitions impact and change individuals in society.
1. The document discusses different philosophical concepts of the self from thinkers like Plato, Aristotle, Descartes, Locke, Hume, Freud, Kant, Ryle, and Merleau-Ponty.
2. Plato viewed the human soul as having three parts - rational, spirited, and appetitive - while Aristotle saw the soul as the essence of a person's being through intellect.
3. Descartes argued "I think therefore I am" and separated mind and body, while Hume believed there is no fixed self and it is simply a collection of perceptions.
This document provides an overview of different philosophical perspectives on the self. It discusses ancient Greek philosophers like Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle and their views that the self is composed of both a body and an immortal soul. It outlines Plato's view that the soul has three parts and should be rational and in control. Later philosophers discussed include Descartes, who argued the self is known through conscious thought, Locke's view of tabula rasa, and Hume's perspective that there is no fixed self. Overall, the document examines how philosophy has sought to understand the nature, identity and existence of the self.
The document discusses different philosophical perspectives on the concept of self from ancient to modern times. In ancient Greece, the Pre-Socratics viewed the soul or arché as the origin or source that explains changes in the world. Socrates believed that knowing oneself through introspection is key to virtue and happiness. Plato saw the soul as having three parts - rational, spirited, and appetitive - that must be balanced. St. Augustine and St. Thomas Aquinas incorporated Christian theology, viewing humans as having both imperfect bodily and perfect immortal souls. Modern philosophers like Descartes asserted "I think therefore I am" and separated mind and body, while Hume viewed the self as a bundle of perceptions in constant flux. K
Several philosophers throughout history have proposed different understandings of the self based on their philosophical orientations:
- Pre-Socratics like Thales saw the self as the soul which gives movement and is the primal matter underlying all things. Socrates viewed self-knowledge as the key to virtue and happiness. Plato believed the rational soul should govern the other parts.
- St. Augustine and St. Thomas Aquinas incorporated Christian theology, seeing the soul as immortal and what distinguishes humans from animals. Descartes defined the self as mind/soul separate from the body.
- Later empiricists like Hume and Locke rejected the immaterial soul, seeing the self as a bundle of perceptions or
This document discusses disorders of self and provides information on key concepts related to self, including:
1. It defines self and discusses levels of self-awareness, self-concept, body image, and theories of self such as self-awareness theory and self-discrepancy theory.
2. It explores the history of perspectives on individual identity versus community and discusses how mirrors encouraged greater self-inspection.
3. It examines the brain regions involved in self-referential processing and the role of serotonin in regulating self-esteem.
This document discusses different aspects of the self, including self-concept, self-esteem, social self, and self-knowledge. It then provides an overview of several philosophers' perspectives on the nature of the self, including: Socrates' view that the soul and body are separate and the soul's pursuit of wisdom; Plato's view that the soul has three parts - rational, spirited, and appetitive; Aristotle's view that the soul and body are inseparable; and Descartes' view that the mind and body are distinct entities based on his famous phrase "I think therefore I am." The document aims to provide a philosophical journey into discovering the self.
This document discusses self-awareness and the different aspects of the self. It begins by describing the physical, spiritual, darker, social, and private aspects of the self. It then discusses self-concept in psychology, including the existential self, categorical self, self-image, self-esteem/worth, and ideal self. The document also covers self-awareness theory and why developing self-awareness is important, such as for improving relationships and becoming more effective.
The document discusses several psychological perspectives on the self from theorists like William James, Carl Rogers, and Sigmund Freud. James described the self as consisting of the "I-self" (thinking self) and "me-self" (empirical self of experiences). Rogers saw the self as striving for self-actualization, with the ideal self and real self influencing fulfillment. Winnicott distinguished between the true self and false self. Bandura viewed humans as proactive agents with features like intentionality and self-reflection. Jung saw the self as the central archetype within the collective unconscious, influenced by other archetypes. Freud constructed personality from the id, ego, and superego interacting within psychosexual stages of
CHAPTER ONE & TWO LOGIC AND PHILOSOPHY.pptxBarentuShemsu
This document provides an introduction to philosophy by outlining some of its key concepts and fields. It begins by defining philosophy as the love of wisdom and noting that philosophy deals primarily with fundamental issues rather than having a single subject matter. The document then outlines some of philosophy's major fields, including metaphysics, epistemology, axiology, and logic. For each field, it provides brief definitions and examples of the types of questions addressed. The document emphasizes that philosophy is an activity that encourages critical examination and reflection on life and reality.
This course aims to help students better understand the self through exploring issues of identity from both personal and academic perspectives. It is divided into three parts: perspectives on the self from different disciplines; examining the various aspects that comprise the self; and learning how to manage and care for the self. By the end of the course, students will understand conceptualizations of the self from fields like philosophy, sociology, and psychology. They will also explore topics like the biological, material, and digital aspects of identity and learn skills for self-regulated learning, goal setting, and stress management.
1) Freud's psychoanalytic theory views personality as formed by the interaction between the id, ego, and superego. The id seeks pleasure, the ego balances demands, and the superego acts as a moral conscience.
2) Trait theory sees personality as a combination of stable traits that are consistent over time and situations. The Big Five model identifies openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism.
3) Humanistic theory emphasizes people's inherent goodness and ability to improve. Rogers saw the self-concept as shaped by others and the ideal self, with unconditional positive regard enabling self-actualization.
1. The document discusses several perspectives on the psychological concept of self, including William James' distinction between the I-self and me-self, Piaget's stages of cognitive development, and Harter's model of self-development from childhood to emerging adulthood.
2. It also covers Carl Rogers' ideal self vs real self, Eric Berne's ego states, and Winnicott's concepts of the true self and false self developed from childhood experiences.
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3. WHAT IS THE SELF CONCEPTUALIZATION
OF THE SELF?
-the self-concept is a knowledge representation that contains knowledge about us,
including our beliefs about our personality traits, physical characteristics, abilities,
goal values, and roles as well as the knowledge that we exist as individuals.
4. WHAT IS THE SELF VARIOUS
PERSPECTIVE?
- you are conscious of yourself as a common subject as a different representation. It is
also an impression you perceive points to one single common fact "the self" is the
subject of these experiences.
5. COMPARE AND CONTRAST HOW THE
SELF HAS BEEN REPRESENTED ACROSS
DIFFERENT DISCIPLINES AND
PERSPECTIVE
• Discipline and perspective are two parameters that are highly linked with an
individual or self of a person. Every person has their own level of discipline and
perspective varies from one to another. Also, the self not only can be influenced by
different institutions by literally everything the self is exposed to depending on the
individual and how impressionable or easily influenced he/she may be.
6. EXAMINE THE DIFFERENT INFLUENCES,
FACTORS, AND FORCES THAT SHAPE THE
SELF
1. A person's self-concept
2. A person’s age, sexual orientation, gender, and religion
3. Self-esteem
4. The self-image
7. THE PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE
OF THE SELF
This lecture will be divided into four (4) parts:
• Activity 1
• What is philosophy?
• Philosophy and the self
• Assessment
8. Learning outcomes
1. Explain the role of philosophy in understanding the self.
2. Discuss the different concepts from the philosophical perspective.
3. Differentiate the various concepts of the self and identity their similarities.
DO YOU TRULY KNOW YOURSELF?
ASK YOURSELF
1. How would you characterize yourself?
2. What makes you stand out from the rest? What makes yourself special?
3. How is yourself is connected to your body?
4. How is yourself related to other selves?
5. What will happen to yourself after you die?
10. PHILOSOPHY IS ALL ABOUT:
Finding answer to serious question about ourselves and about the world we live in:
-What is morally right and wrong? And why?
-What is a good life?
-…… and so much more
Questioning existing institutions to get closer to the truth.
11. WHAT WILL YOU GET OUT OF
PHILOSOPHY?
• Critical Thinking
• Arguments Skills
• Communication
• Reasoning
• Analysis
• Problem Solving…
12. WHAT WILL YOU GET OUT OF
PHILOSOPHY? WHICH WILL ALLOW TO:
• Justify your opinions
• Spot a bad argument, no matter what the topic is.
• Explain to people why they are wrong and you are right.
• Philosophy basically teaches you to think!
13. PYTHAGORAS
– the first to use the term “philosophy.”
Love of Wisdom
Philo- greek word for “love”
Sophia- greek word for “wisdom”
14. ORIGIN OF PHILOSOPHY AND LOGIC
• Search for truth
• Search is to look for something
• Search for meaning
-importance
-significant
-value
-relevance
• Philosophy ask a lot of questions.
15. PHILOSOPHY OF THE SELF
The Greek Philosophers:
-Socrates
-Plato
-Aristotle
KNOW THYSELF
-Socrates philosophers agree that self-knowledge is a pre-requisite to a happy and
meaningful life. Socrates “An unexamined life is not worth living.”
17. • Every man is dualistic
• Composed of body and soul
• Two (2) important aspects of his personhood:
Body- imperfect and imperfect.
Soul- perfect and permanent
• Two (2) dichotomous realms.
Physical realm- changeable, transient and imperfect.
-the body belongs to this realm.
Ideal realm-unchanging, eternal and immortal.
-the soul belongs to this realm.
• Socrates was the first thinker to focus on the full power of reason on the human self: who we are,
who we should be and who we will become.
• The soul strives for wisdom and perfection, and the reason is the soul’s tool to achieve an exalted
state of life.
• Our pre-occupation with bodily need such as food, drink, sex, pleasure, material possession and
wealth keep us from attaining wisdom.
• A person can have a meaningful and happy life only if he become virtuous and knows the value of
himself that can be achieved through constant soul-searching.
• For him, this is the best achieved when one tries to separate the body from soul as much as
possible.
19. • A student of Socrates
• Philosophy of the self can be explained as a process of self-knowledge and purification of the soul.
• He believed in the existence of the mind and soul.
• Mind and soul are given in perfection with god.
Soul has three (3) parts:
1. Rational soul
-reason and intellect
-divine essence that enables us to think deeply, make wise choices and achieve a true understanding of eternal
truths.
2. Spirited Soul
-emotion and passion
-basic emotion such as love, anger, ambition, empathy, and aggressiveness.
3. Appetitive Soul
-basic needs
-includes our biological needs such as hunger, thirst and sexual desire.
• These 3 elements of ourselves are in a dynamic relationship with one another, sometimes in conflict.
• When conflict occurs, Plato believes that it is the responsibility of our rational to sort things ouot and exert control,
restoring a harmonious relationship among the three elements of ourselves.
• Plato believes that genuine happiness can only be achieved by people who consistently, make sure that their spirits and
appetites.
21. • A student of Plato
• The body and soul are not two separate elements but are one thing.
• The soul is simply the form of the body, and is not capable of existing without the body.
• The soul makes a person to person. The soul is the essence of the self.
• Aristotle suggest that the rational nature of the self is to lead a good, flourishing and
fulfilling life.
• Without the body, the soul cannot exist. The soul dies along with the body.
• Aristotle suggest that the rational nature of the self is to lead a good, flourishing and
fulfilling life.
• Without the body, the soul cannot exist. The soul dies along with the body.
• soul and body, I suggest react sympathetically upon each other. A change in the state of the
soul produces a change in the shape of the body and conversely, a change in the shape of
the body produces a change in the state of the soul.
• Aristotle suggested that anything with life has soul. His discussion about the self centers
on the kinds of soul possessed by a man.
23. THE PHILOSOPHICAL VIEW OF SELF
ST. THOMAS AQUINAS: SELF-KNOWLEDGE
• Man is composed of matter and form.
-Matter- “common stuff that makes up everything”
-Form-“essence of a substance or thing”
• Theory of self-knowledge- all our self-knowledge is dependent on our experience of the
world around us.
- Rejects a view that the mind is “always on,” never sleeping, subconsciously self-aware
in the background.
• Aquinas argues, our awareness of ourselves is triggered and shaped by our experiences
of objects in our environment.
24. RENE DESCARTES: I THINK, THEREFORE I AM
“cogito, ergo sum”
• Man- thinking entity distinct from the body
•must use your mind and thinking abilities to investigate and develop yourself.
DAVID HUME: “THERE IS NO SELF”
• self is simply a bundle or collection of different perceptions, which succeed each other with
an inconceivable rapidly and are in a perpetual flex and movement
• the idea of personal identity is a result of imagination.
• there is no self the self can never be truly objectified or know in a completely objective sort
of way ○ the self is embodied subjectivity.
MAURICE MERLEAU-PONTY: “THE SELF IS ENBODIED SUBJECTIVETY
• the division between thee “mind and the body” is a product of confused thinking.
• The mind and body are so intertwined that they cannot be separated one another.
26. WHAT IS SOCIOLOGY?
- Sociology is the study of social life, social change, and the social causes and
consequences of human behavior. Sociologists investigate the structure of groups,
organizations, and societies, and how people interact within these contexts.
27. WHY IS SOCIOLOGY IMPORTANT?
- Sociology is important because sociology provides critical insight and perspective to
the solution of social problems. Sociology has changed our outlook with regard to the
problems of crime, its causes, and its consequences. Sociology is of great importance
to the understanding of international problems.
28. APPLYING SOCIOLOGY TO LIFE
• The field of sociology has a lot of big abstract ideas about politics, economics, and
how people grow and change over time. How do these big, abstract ideas translate
into real words and the lives of everyday people? How do they apply to your life?
29. • This lesson will discuss the three specific way that Sociology can be applied to the real
world, and all three ways highlight why sociology is important to study and
understand, The application will be public policy, social change, and personal growth.
Example of Sociology in every life
Examples of sociology could include Studying the Relationship Between Culture and
Society, examing social movements, or researching how communication affects human
behavior.
30. SOCIOLOGY
- Is the study of human social relationships and institutions. It focuses on the
systematic understanding of social interaction, social organization, social institutions,
and social change.
- Sociologist investigates the structure of groups, organizations, and societies, and
how people interact within these contexts.
- Sociologists’ subject matter is diverse, from crime to religion, from the family to
the state, from the divisions of race and social class to the shared beliefs of a common
culture, and from social stability to radical change in whole societies.
According to many scholars -sociology is an exciting and illuminating field of
study that analyzes and explains important matters in our personal lives, our
communities, and the world.
31. • PERSONAL LEVEL
-sociology investigates the social causes and consequences of such things as romantic love,
racial and gender identity, family conflict, deviant behavior, aging, and religious faith.
• SOCIETAL LEVEL
-sociology examines and explains matters like crime and law, poverty and wealth, prejudice and
discrimination, schools and education, business firms, urban community, and social movements.
• GLOBAL LEVEL
-sociology studies such phenomena as population growth and migration, war and peace, and
economic development.
Sociologists observe the everyday life of groups, conduct large-scale surveys, interpret
historical documents, analyze census data, study videotaped interactions, interview participants of
groups, and conduct laboratory experiments.
The ability to see and understand this connection between broad social forces and personal
experiences is what C. Wright Mills called "the sociological imagination", and is extremely valuable
academic preparation for living effective and rewarding personal and professional lives in a
changing and complex society.
32. 3 MAJOR PERSPECTIVES IN SOCIOLOGY
SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONIST
-is a sociological theory that develops from practical considerations and alludes to
particular effects of communication and interaction in people to make images and normal
implications, for deduction and correspondence with others,
• Functionalist - a functional perspective is a normative approach to describing and
predicting group performance that focuses on the functions of inputs and/or processes.
• Conflict Perspective - a perspective in the social sciences that emphasizes the social,
political, or material inequality of a social group; critiques the broad socio-political
system; or otherwise detracts from structural functionalism and ideological conservatism.
Conflict theory has three assumptions: Humans are self-interested. societies operate
under a perpetual scarcity of resources. conflicts are pervasive and unavoidable within
social groups and between social groups.
33. SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE OF THE
SELF
• Self in sociology - from a classical sociological perspective, the self is a relatively
stable set of perceptions of who we are in relation to ourselves, others, and to social
systems. the self is socially constructed in the sense that is shaped through
interaction with other people.
There are 3 sociologists who look into how the self, society, and the culture are
interrelated
1. George Mead - The social self.
2. Charles Cooley - the looking-glass self.
3. Erving Goffman - constructing situations and drama.
34. GEORGE MEAD: THE
SOCIAL SELF
" the self is born of society. the self is inseparable from society and bound up
with communication. it builds on social experiences. this is a largely matter of
taking the role of other with increasing sophistications, broadening out from
significant others to greater complexity."
35. -George Mead-
Stages in Mead's theory on the the development of the self
•Preparatory stage:
-children mimic/imitate others
•Play stage
- children pretend to play the role of a particular or a significant other
- particular or significant other are the perspectives and particular role that a child learns
and internalizes
• Game stage
- children play organized games and take on the perspective of the generalized other
• Generalized other
- the perspectives and expectations of a network of others (or a society in general) that
a child learns and then takes into account when shaping his/her own behavior
• Dual nature of the self
- the belief that we experience the self as both subject and object, the 'I' and 'me'.
37. - Charles Cooley-
•The looking-glass self refers to the notion that the self develops through our
perception of others' evaluation and appraisal of us.
38. ERVING GOFFMAN:
CONSTRUCTING
SITUATIONS AND DRAMA
"People routinely behave like actors on a stage.
Everyday social life become theatrical. There are
roles, scripts and actions. Daily life as a series of
stagecraft rules."
39. -Erving Goffman-
•Presentations of the self in everyday life.
- believed that meaning is constructed through interaction
• 'Interaction order'
- what we do in the immediate presence of others
DRAMATURGY
• focuses on how individuals take on roles and act them out to present a favorable
impression to their audience.
•Presentation of self in everyday life
- Goffmann argues that people are concerned with controlling how others view them, a
process he called impression management.
- each definition of situation lends itself to a different approach, and the consequences
are real. - the self is a social construction dependent of the situation
41. WHAT IS ANTHROPOLOGY?
Anthropology is the study of various aspects of humans within past and present
societies
The studies of anthropology is often divided into four separate subfields including.
sociocultural anthropology, biological anthropology
Linguistic anthropology, and archaeology
42. SOCIAL ANTHROPOLOGY AND
CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY STUDY THE
NORMS AND VALUES SOCIETIES
• Cultural anthropology deals primarily with all aspects of cultural variation in the
present, recent, past. Including social, political, economic, and ideological faces of
human culture
• Through a variety of theoretical approaches and research methods anthropologists
today study the culture of people in any part of the world including those of
industrial and “post industrial” societies
43. LINGUISTICS ANTHROPOLOGY STUDIES
HOW LANGUAGE AFFECTS SOCIAL LIFE.
• Linguistics anthropologists study the many ways people the communicate across the
globe. They are interests In how language is linked to how we see the world and how we
relate to each other.
• This can mean looking at how language works in all different forms and how it changes
over time.
• It also mean looking at what we believe about language and communication and how we
used language in our lives
• Biological or physical anthropology studies the biological development of humans
44. • Biological or physical anthropology looks at homo sapiens as a genus and species
tracing their biological origins evolutionary development and genetic diversity.
• Biological anthropologists study the biocultural pre history of homo to understand
human nature and ultimately the evolution of the brain and nervous system itself
• Archaeology which studies past human culture through investigation of physical
evidence is thought of as a branch of anthropology in the in the united states while
in Europe. It is viewed as a discipline in its own right grouped under the related
discipline such as history.
• The science of archaeology is a multidisciplinary approach to study of human
behavior as evidenced by cultural remains.
46. THE PERSPECTIVE OF
ANTHROPOLOGY
• Understanding humankind in terms of the dynamic interrelationships of all aspects
of human existence
• “antrops means “human” and logy refers to the study of
• Anthropologists are not only scholar to focus on the human condition, biologists,
sociologists psychologists and others also examine human nature and societies
47. ANTHROPOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE
OF THE SELF
• In anthropology, the self-came understood as a process that orchestrates an
individual personal experiences following which she/he become self-aware and self-
reflective about her on his place in society.
48. FOUR ANTHROPOLOGICAL
PERSPECTIVE
Holism- holism means that an anthropologists looks at the entire context of a society
when analyzing any specific feature
Relativism- cultural relativism the idea that we should seek to understand another
person’s beliefs and behavior from the perspective of their culture rather than our
own
Comparison - it frames an understanding of ourselves and others
Fieldwork- is the process of observing and collecting data about people, culture, and
natural environments
49. THE DISCIPLINE OF ANTHROPOLOGY
- anthropology is the study of human kind the discipline examines the interplay of
cultural social economic political cultural and environmental factors in the
development of humans and human community.
50. • HOW DO THE ANTHROPOLOGY
DISCIPLINE DEFINE SELF?
- the self in an anthropology is an individual own person. Some anthropologist think
that people develop their sense of self or even their actual self through interactions
with other humans (the social construction of the self)
51. • WHAT ARE THE PERSPECTIVE OF
THE SELF?
- focuses on the study of the full scope of human diversity and application of that
knowledge to help people of different backgrounds.
52. • WHAT IS THE GOAL AND PERSPECTIVE
OF ANTHROPOLOGY?
-- The goal of anthropology is to pursue a holistic understanding of what it means to
be human by understanding the relationship between human biology, language, and
culture.
53. • WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
DISCIPLINE AND PERSPECTIVE?
- disciplines and perspective are two parameters that are highly linked with an
individual's or self of a person. Every person has its own level of disciplines and
perspective varies from one to another. Normally people who have same perspective
and have common discipline tend to go along well with one another. Such people
also have less conflict with each other. Hence both of them are linked with self.
54. " SELF " which is a person's own identity has various disciplines and perspectives.
• according to the discipline of psychoanalysis and psychology a person’s self is
characterized by the development and thinking of a person at his adulthood.
• according to the discipline of social psychology a person’s self depends on his social
circle the characteristics of the people around him can be observed in the person as well.
• according to the discipline of sociology termination of self is a lifelong process and it
changes with every phase of the life of a person
56. WHAT IS PSYCHOLOGY AND WHAT
DOES IT INVOLVE?
- Psychology is the study of the mind and behavior. According to the American
Psychological Association. It is the study of the mind, how it works and how it affects
behavior.
57. • Psychologists and Psychiatrists work together to help people with mental health
conditions, but they are not quite the same.
• A psychological treats a patient through psychotherapy, helping to relieve
symptoms through behavioral change. The role of a psychiatrist, who is a medical
doctor, focuses more on prescribing medication and other intentions to manage
mental health conditions.
58. FAST FACT ABOUT PSYCHOLOGY
• Psychology is the study of behavior and the mind
• There are different types of psychology such as cognitive, forensic, social, and
developmental psychology.
• A person with a condition that affects their mental health may benefit from
assessment and treatment that focuses on behavioral adaptions.
• A psychiatrist is a medical doctor who is more likely to focus on medical
management of mental health issues.
59. • Psychology- is the scientific study of human behavior and mental processes.
• How Does Psychology Help People?
• -Essentially, psychology helps people in large part because it can explain why people act
the way they do. With this kind of professional insight, a psychologist can help people
improve their decision making, stress management and behavior based on
understanding past behavior to better predict future behavior. All of this can help people
have a more successful career, better relationships, more self-confidence and overall
better communication.
Fast facts about psychology
• Psychology is the study of behavior and the mind.
• There are different types of psychology, such as cognitive, forensic, social, and
development psychology.
• A person with a condition that affects their mental health may benifit from essessment
and treatment with a psychologist.
• A psychologist may offer treatment that focuses on behavioral adaptations.
• A psychiatrist is a medical doctor who is more likely to focus on medical health issues.
60. THE PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE OF
THE SELF
• Psychological- is the study of mind and behavior. It encompasses that biological
influences, social pressure environment factors that affect how people think, act and
feel.
SIGMUND FREUD- the importance of unconscious
• He was considered as the “Father of psycho-analysis”
• He postulated that three are three layers of self within as well.
61. THREE LAYERS
• Id- makahayop
The first part of the self to develop.
The seat of all our desires and wants
It has no awareness other than it wants what it wants.
• Ego- makatao
The part of us that functions in reality
The ego regulates how many of the id’s urges will be expressed
The ego is able to discern what is right or wrong based on context
It is the reality principle
• Super Ego- makaDiyos
Something referred to as the “voice of god”
It strives of perfection
Its main concern is to decide and act in accordance to what is morally and socially acceptable
standards
62. WILLIAM JAMES- concept of self
• He theorized the components of the self which he divided into two categories: “Me” and
“I”
• The “Me” is a separate individual, a person refers to when talking about their personal
experience.
• The “I” is the part of the self that knows who they are and what they have accomplished
in life.
• “I know it was me who ate the cookie”
The “Me” is the empirical self the one who does the acting whereas the “I” is the self that is
capable of thinking and reflecting self, 3 sub-categories of ME: a material, social, and
spiritual self.
• The material self consists of what belongs to a person such as the body, family, clothes, or
,money.
• The social self marks who you are in a specific social situation.
• The spiritual self is who we are at our core, including our personality, values, and
conscience.
63. IDEAL SELF VS. REAL SELF
- The real self is who we actually are. It is how we think how we feel, look, and act.
- The ideal self is how we want to be. It is an idealized image that we have developed
over time,based on what we learned and experienced
64. THE IMPORTANCE OF ALIGNMENT
- If the way that I am (real self) is aligned with the way I want to be (the ideal self),
then I will feel a sense of mental well-being, or peace of mind. If the way that I am is
not aligned with how I want to be, the incongruence, or lack of alignment, will result
in mental distress or anxiety.
65. DAVID LESTER- MULTIPLE VS. UNIFIED
SELVES
What does self consist of? The human self consists of three related, but also separable
domains:
• The first domain is the experimental self. This is the heater of consciousness and the
first person felt experience of being. This is tied very closely to memory.
• A second position of the human self is called the private self-consciousness system.
We can call this the “narrator” because it’s the portion of your being that verbally
narrates what is happening and tries to make sense of what is going on. This
portion of yourself is called the “autobiographical self.”
• The final portion of the self is the public self or persona. It refers to the public image
that you attempt to project to others which in turn interacts with how people
actually see you.
66. DONALD WINNICOTT- TRUE SELF VS.
FALSE SELF
• Winnicott suggest that the self is composed of the true self and false self. According
to him, the function of the false self is to hide and protect the true self.
Why is it important to know yourself?
• Happiness
• Less inner conflict
• Better decision making
• Self control
• Tolerance and understanding the others
• Vitality and pleasure