1) Ground-glass opacity and consolidation are the main patterns of increased lung attenuation seen on chest CT.
2) Ground-glass opacity indicates mild decrease in airspace or mild increase in soft tissue and is potentially treatable, while consolidation obscures vessels/airways and indicates more severe disease.
3) The distribution, associated patterns, and clinical context can help determine if an interstitial lung disease is acute/potentially treatable versus chronic/not treatable.
2 types (a) cellular NSIP
(b) Fibrotic NSIP (more common)
Fibrosis may involve alveolar septa, peribronchivascular interstitium, interlobular septa and visceral pleura.
Prognosis of fibrotic NSIP is worse , cellular NSIP has good prognosis.
HRCT finding may show both, airspace and interstitial patterns
2 types (a) cellular NSIP
(b) Fibrotic NSIP (more common)
Fibrosis may involve alveolar septa, peribronchivascular interstitium, interlobular septa and visceral pleura.
Prognosis of fibrotic NSIP is worse , cellular NSIP has good prognosis.
HRCT finding may show both, airspace and interstitial patterns
An approach to Interstitial Lung Disease / Diffuse Parenchymal Lung DiseaseThomas Kurian
YouTube link: https://youtu.be/gPr31qrivUc
An approach to Diffuse Parenchymal Lung disease / Interstitial Lung disease with emphasis on the idiopathic causes.
Practical approach to interstitial lung diseases Hamdi Turkey
These lecture notes were prepared by Dr. Hamdi Turkey- Pulmonologist- Department of internal medicine - Taiz university
Do Not Forget To Visit Our Pages On Facebook on the following Links:
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Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias
Group of diffuse parenchymal lung diseases
Unknown etiology
Varying degrees of inflammation and fibrosis
In cases where diagnosis cannot be made because of overlap of CT and histological findings; Chrug & Muller proposed a three seperations on HRCT for chronic interstitial diseases.
An approach to Interstitial Lung Disease / Diffuse Parenchymal Lung DiseaseThomas Kurian
YouTube link: https://youtu.be/gPr31qrivUc
An approach to Diffuse Parenchymal Lung disease / Interstitial Lung disease with emphasis on the idiopathic causes.
Practical approach to interstitial lung diseases Hamdi Turkey
These lecture notes were prepared by Dr. Hamdi Turkey- Pulmonologist- Department of internal medicine - Taiz university
Do Not Forget To Visit Our Pages On Facebook on the following Links:
https://www.facebook.com/groups/569435236444761/
AND
https://www.facebook.com/groups/690331650977113/
Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias
Group of diffuse parenchymal lung diseases
Unknown etiology
Varying degrees of inflammation and fibrosis
In cases where diagnosis cannot be made because of overlap of CT and histological findings; Chrug & Muller proposed a three seperations on HRCT for chronic interstitial diseases.
mixed radiolucent and radiopaque lesions / oral surgery coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
An approach to HRCT assesment and diffrential diagnosis of multiple nodular opacities is based on the consideration of their size, appearance, attenuation and distribution.
A consideration of nodule size can be important in differential diagnosis, although it is not always of value. For example, the nodules seen in patients with miliary tuberculosis are usually quite small, and uncommonly exceed 5 mm. On the other hand, nodules in patients with hematogenous metastases are often larger than this.
Describes the basic radiology of diffuse interstitial disease ,with differential diagnosis of reticular interstitial pattern and how to approach HRCT findings .
Role of hrct in interstitial lung diseases pk uploadDr pradeep Kumar
Role of hrct in interstitial lung diseases pk , This is best powerpoint slides presentation including Latest American thoracic society and fleishners society guidelines . this includes radiographic images a well HRCT chest findings of various ILD. This will help alot for md pg radiology resident and radiologist. Thanks
the lecture approaches the problem of solitary pulmonary nodule in terms of variable imaging findings,differential diagnosis and algorithm of follow up .
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
2. Basic elements
Appearance
pattern
Distribution
Patient data
pattern
Ct
interpretation
3. Normal HRCT Findings
airways
Normal airways are visible only to
within 3 cm of the pleura.
The centrilobular bronchiole, with a diameter of 1
mm and a wall thickness of 0.15 mm, is not
normally visible on HRCT.
4. Normal HRCT Findings
small pulmonary arteries and veins
More peripherally, numerous small "dots" and a few
branching lines represent small pulmonary arteries
and veins. Throughout, arteries branch at acute
angles, and veins branch at 90° angles
Centrilobular arteries (1 mm in
diameter) are V- or Y-shaped
structures on HRCT seen within 5 to
10 mm of the pleural surface.
Pulmonary veins (0.5 cm) are occasionally seen as
linear or dotlike structures within 1 to 2 cm of the
pleura and, when visible, indicate the locations of
interlobular septa
5. FIGURE 17.3. HRCT Findings in
Interstitial Lung Disease
1- Interlobular (Septal) Lines
2-Intralobular Lines
3-Thickened Fissures
4-Thickened bronchovascular
structures Dot lik
5-Centrilobular (Lobular tree-in-bud
Core) Abnormalities lldefined
6- Subpleural lines
7-Parenchymal bands
8-Honeycombing
9-Thin-walled cysts
10-Irregularity of Lung Interfaces
11-Ground-Glass or Hazy
Increased Density
12-Architectural Distortion and
Traction Bronchiectasis
13-Conglomerate Masses
14-Consolidation
8. Ground-glass opacity(GGO)
• GGO:
• hazy increase in lung density,
• with preservation of airway vessel margins.
• The density of the intra-bronchial air appears
darker as the air in the surrounding alveoli.
This is called the 'dark bronchus' sign
• Occurs when:
• there is mild decrease in the amount of air in air-
spaces(Air space disease )
• when there is mild increase in size andor
amount of soft tissue structures (Interstitial lung disease ).
• two phenomena that often occur simultaneously.
25. Crazy Paving in a patient with Alveolar
proteinosis
Linear Crazy-
GGO
pattern paving
• Crazy Paving is a combination of ground glass opacity
with superimposed septal thickening
26. Consolidation
• Defined as:
• Increased in lung density
• with obscuration of underlying vessels
and airway walls,
– an air-bronchogram may be present.
• Air-space nodules, focal area of GGO are often
seen in association with consolidation.
27. Increased lung attenuation
Preservation of B-V Obscuration of vascular
marking=GGO marking=consolidation
Symptoms course Symptoms course
(acute,sub-acute,chronic) (acute,sub-acute,chronic)
Centri-lobular
Linear pattern sub-pleural Other pattern
No linear pattern
superimposed patchy diffuse also
lobar
Centri-lobular
DD for other
CRAZY PAVING Sub-pleural pattern
Patchy,diffuse
28. Increased lung attenuation
Appearance pattern
GGO Cosolidation
Patient data(symptoms course)
Acute Sub-acute Chronic
Distribution patternother pattern
Centri-lobular Sub-pleural Patchy Diffuse Lobar
Regional lung distribution
Upper lowerdiffuse Central peripheral