This document describes a home automation system that uses an Android application for remote control. An Android smartphone or tablet can wirelessly control home appliances like lights and appliances through a microcontroller. Sensors detect variables and the microcontroller activates devices based on the Android app inputs. The system provides a low-cost way to remotely control home devices using a versatile Android interface.

1. Home Automation by Android
Application based Remote Control

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Introduction
 The primary objective of this project is to develop a home
automation system with Android application controlled remote.
 Remote Controlled Home Automation System provides a simpler
solution with Android application technology.
 Remote operation is achieved by any smart-phone or Tablet with
Android OS, upon a GUI (Graphical User Interface) based touch
screen operation.

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Home Automation System
 Home Automation is the controlling and operating of the home
appliances such as lighting equipment, kitchen appliances, air
conditioning and heating, audio/video systems, etc. in either
automatic or manual modes conveniently and efficiently.
 This system uses various types of sensors to sense or detect the
parameter status and with the use of centralized controllers it
appropriately activates the loads for prescribed limits or conditions.
 In addition controlling it also provides energy saving, graphical user
interface or HMI and security to the homes.
 Home control systems where different sensors corresponding to the
home appliances with the appropriate actuators are hard-wired to
input/output modules of a central controller.

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 The sensors sense the motion, light, temperature, smoke and other
sensing variables using sensing devices like photo detectors, IR
sensors, thermocouples, current and voltage transformers and many
more.
 Upon receiving these variables and based on the program, the main
or central controller activates the loads using actuators like motors,
switches, relays, and other actuating devices.
 These controllers can be a compact controller to high-end modular
programmable logic controllers with I/O enlarges capability.
 For the user interface, this automation is integrated with different
interfacing modules computer/laptops, smart phones, touch pads, a
tablet with a user-friendly HMI application.
Home Automation System

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Block Diagram

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230 V AC
50 Hz
Bridge rectifier
Filter(470µf)
5v Regulator
5V DC
12V step down
transformer
Power supply

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 8K Bytes of In-System Programmable (ISP) Flash
Memory.
 4.0V to 5.5V Operating Range.
Crystal Frequency 11.0592MHZ.
 Three-level Program Memory Lock.
 256 x 8-bit Internal RAM.
 32 Programmable I/O Lines.
 Three 16-bit Timer/Counters.
AT89S52
Micro controller

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CPU
On-chip
RAM
On-chip
ROM for
program
code
4 I/O
Ports
Timer 0
Serial
PortOSC
Interrupt
Control
External interrupts
Timer 1
Timer/Count
er
Bus
Control
TxD RxDP0 P1 P2 P3
Address/Data
Counter
Inputs
Block diagram of MC

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MC components explanation
ROM:
 A code of 4K memory is incorporated as on-chip ROM in 8051.
RAM:
 The 8051 microcontroller is composed of 128 bytes of internal RAM.
Interrupt Control:
 An event which is used to suspend or halt the normal program
execution for a temporary period of time in order to serve the
request of another program or hardware device is called an
interrupt.

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MC components explanation
Address Bus:
 A bus is group of wires using which data transfer takes place
from one location to another within a system.
Timers and Counters:
 Synchronization among internal operations can be achieved with
the help of clock circuits which are responsible for generating
clock pulses.
 Internal operations can be synchronized using clock circuits
which produce clock pulses.

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Pin diagram of 8052

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8052 pin diagram explanation
Port 0(p0.0 to p0.7):
 It is 8-bit bi-directional I/O port. It is bit/ byte addressable. During
external memory access, it functions as multiplexed data and low-
order address bus AD0-AD7.
Port 1 (p1.0 to p1.7):
 It is 8-bit bi-directional I/O port. When logic '1' is written into port
latch then it works as input mode. It functions as simply I/O port
and it does not have any alternative function.

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8052 pin diagram explanation
Port 2 (p2.0 to p2.7):
 It is 8-bit bi-directional I/O port. It is bit/ byte addressable.
Port 3(p3.0 to port 3.7):
 It is 8-bit I/O port. In an alternating function each pins can be used
as a special function I/O pin.
RESET:
 It is active high I/P signal. It should be maintained high for at least
two machine cycle while oscillator is running then 8051
microcontroller resets.

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Android Remote Control
 As we know that Android is a popular smartphone technology,
which has been developing ample mobile applications.
 So, to turn a smartphone or tablet as a universal remote control
in place of conventional remotes is a good idea as this is the most
efficient and flexible automation.
 This technology makes every appliance at home as a potential
accessory for smartphones.
 Android remote control based home automation consists of
Android OS operated Graphical User Interface (GUI) with wireless
communication modules such as Bluetooth and Zigbee to have
control of different home appliances.

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 In this system, different sensors and load controllers in the home
are connected to sensors and an I/O control module has the
capability to communicate with a user-controlled device.
 At the user controlling side, the smartphone or tablet with an
android-application-based GUI-controller allows the user to send
the desired control signals such as switching a lamp OFF and ON,
room temperature maintenance, etc.
 Building of this Android-based home automation is a simple
concept as you can implement this in your home by using cost-
effective products like microcontroller and sensors as Do It Yourself
(DIY) project.
Android Remote Control

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 So let us understand this in brief using Bluetooth communication
to control home appliances.
 The block diagram below shows the design of Android-based
home-appliance control that is implemented by using 8051
microcontrollers.
Android Remote Control

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Graphical Diagram

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Circuit Operation
 The smartphone or android mobile is paired to the Bluetooth
attached to the microcontroller.
 Once both are paired, the controlling signals correspond to the load
to operate, it can be sent from an Android remote control or phone.
 From the touch panel of a GUI interface-based application, if any key
or button is pressed, the application sends the corresponding signals
to the remote Bluetooth modem.
 Then, at the receiver side, the Bluetooth modem receives these
signals and processes them according to the code, and finally sends
the control signals to the relay driver IC.

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 This driver IC energizes the respective coils to switch the appropriate
loads.
 This system is useful for the elderly and physically handicapped
people as they face difficulties while operating the loads.
 So, with this Android-home-control system, they can easily serve the
loads with portable Android mobile phones.
 It is also possible to add a temperature sensor by adding an ADC to
the microcontroller to switch on the air-conditioning system
depending on temperature variations.
Circuit Operation

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 Thus, we hope that the furnished information on wireless home
automation using Android mobile might have provided the concept
to you in detail.
 And, also you can just imagine how simple would it be to
implement such a system in your home that too at a very
reasonable cost by using cost-effective devices.
 If you want complete circuit or any technical help regarding
practical guidance to implement electronic projects or this concept
you can reach us by commenting below.
Circuit Operation

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Applications and Advantages
1. Home Automation – This project can be used to control various
Home Appliances.
2. We can control device from a long distance. Thus, it provides ease
of access.
3. Faster operation and efficient.
4. No need to carry separate remote or any other controlling unit.

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Future Development
 We can interface sensors to this project so that it can monitor
certain parameters.

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Conclusion
 Today, Android is the world’s powerful mobile platform that
customizes hacked, manipulated and molded open source operating
system to fit easily whatever the functionality you had in your mind.
 This detailed information about wireless home automation using
Android mobile helps you to implement such a fantastic system in
your home at a very reasonable price using cost-effective devices.

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