in the Alex Neuroscience Conference, I gave a talk titled History of Neurology including an overview of Neurology in Ancient Egypt and Ancient India.

1. History of Neurology
Esraa Badr
Senior Medical Student
Alexandria Faculty Of Medicine
American Academy Of Neurology
Date 20/2/2018

2. Outline
• Overview about neurological milestones in ancient times
• Ancient Egypt contribution to neurology
• Ancient India contribution to neurology

3. Neurological Milestones in Ancient Times
2700 B.C
•Chinese contribution to neuroscience
•"“Acupuncture
1700 B.C
•The first neurosurgical document
•“Edwin Smith papyrus”
500 B.C
•Dissection of sensory nerves
460 B.C
•“Hippocrates: brain is the master”

4. Four Main Cultures
• Egypt
• India
• Greece
• China

5. Two of Them Will Be Discussed
Egypt
India

6. Neurology in Ancient Egypt
n

7. Modernity Of Medicine in Ancient Egypt
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11603262

8. The First Medical Texts in History
Edwin Smith papyrus Ebers papyrus

9. Ancient Egypt Contribution to Neurology
SurgeryTreatmentsDiseasesAnatomy

10. Neuroanatomy in Ancient Egypt

11. Description of Brain and Brain Diseases
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12134287

12. Spinal Cord in Ancient Egypt Medicine
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12120644

13. Eye of Horus

14. The Pineal Gland
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00381-015-2636-3

15. Neurological Disorders in Ancient Egypt

16. Edwin Smith Papyrus
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22271381

17. The First Neurosurgical Operation
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17961051

18. Neurology in Ancient India

19. Ayvereda :The Balance between Energy

20. The Pioneers of Ayverda
Charka Susrta

21. Ancient India Contribution to Neurology
SurgeryTreatmentsDiseasePrevention

22. Prevention: Brain Enhancing Ingredients
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3635207/

23. Diseases : Epilepsy in Ancient India
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1528-1157.1992.tb01694.x/full

24. Treatment :Treatment of Parkinson Disease
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1886119

25. Susruta: The Father of Indian Surgery
• One of the pioneers in ancient Indian medicine
• Had many contributions to surgery

26. Neurosurgery in Ancient India
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21492737

27. Email addresses:
Israa.mahmoud1212@alexmed.edu.eg
esraatar22@yahoo.com
Linked in profile
https://www.linkedin.com/in/esraa-badr/
Contacts

28. References
(Martin-Araguz, Bustamante-Martinez et al. 2002, York and Steinberg 2010, Ziskind 2011)(York and
Steinberg 2010)
York, G. K., 3rd and D. A. Steinberg (2010). "Chapter 3: neurology in ancient Egypt." Handb Clin
Neurol 95: 29-36.
Ziskind, B. (2011). "[Neurological knowledge in ancient Egypt]." Rev Prat 61(1): 141-145.
Singh, H. K. (2013). Brain Enhancing Ingredients from Āyurvedic Medicine: Quintessential Example
of Bacopa monniera, a Narrative Review. Nutrients, 5(2), 478–497.
(Banerjee, Ezer et al. 2011)

29. Thank you