Laparoscopic surgery, also known as minimally invasive surgery, involves using small incisions and instruments to operate on the abdominal organs through the abdominal wall. Key aspects include insufflating the abdominal cavity with carbon dioxide gas to provide space to see and operate, inserting telescopes and instruments through ports, and performing the actual operation using long narrow instruments. Advantages over open surgery include smaller incisions, less pain, quicker recovery, and improved cosmesis. Complications can still occur but are less common than with open surgery. Today laparoscopic techniques are used for many abdominal operations.

2. COSECSA
U T H
LAPAROSCOPIC UNIT

3. I. What is laparoscopic surgery?
II. Advantages
III. Contraindications
IV. Side effects
V. Complications

4. -Any surgical procedure requires two basic
steps
1-Access and exposure of the part to be
operated
2-The actual operative steps
-In traditional surgery we do access and
exposure through incision in abdominal wall by
blades and obtain a wide field by retractors with
a good light on the operative field

5. -In laparoscopic surgery to do access and
exposure we have to create a space to see
and operate, this space will be created by
insufflation of peritoneal cavity by
co2(pneumoperitonium) which done by using
of verress needle
-To see the operative part we have to insert a
telescope with optic fiber light source through
a small port
-By a camera attached to the eye piece of the
telescope which convert the image of
telescope to a video signal transmitted via a
cable to video processing unit which convert

6. -the actual operation in laparoscopic surgery
all instruments should be long and narrow to
go through narrow tubes(cannula) which are
fixed to small ports at abdominal wall
-Laparoscopic instruments include
- Trocars, cannulas, reducers
,graspers(toothed, non toothed, locked ,non
locked, connected to dithery and non
connected),dissecting hooks and
spatula,scissors,needle holder and retractors.
All these instruments are available in 5mm
and 10mm
-Suction and irrigation unit

7. Shortcut to 29112011.lnk

14. - It is called the minimal access surgery and all
the advantages come from minimal wounds
-Small wound size decreases infections,
dehesience,bleeding,incisional hernia, nerve
cutting, post operative pain and, psychic wound
trauma
-It improve post operative mobility
-It is cosmetic for patient particularly female

15. -Advanced cardiopulmonary insufficiency
-Risks of anesthesia
-Adhesions due to multiple previous operations
-Peritonitis
-Ileus
-Portal hypertension
-Coagulopathy
-Morbid obesity
-Thin physique(kyphosis)
-General inoperability

16. -Increase intraabdominal pressure which gives
rise to
1-Decrease respiration by decreasing
diaphragmatic movement
2-Decrease venous return
3-Decrease cardiac out put
-Acidosis due to co2 absorption

17. -General complications as in traditional surgery
-Specific complications as
1-Perforated viscous
2-Injury of big vessels
3-Injury to viscous by diathermy

18. Laparoscopic surgery
called minimally invasive surgery

19.  Gynaecologists used purely optical
telescope for illumination and
visualisation with one hand on the
telescope without assisted Then
television camera that give an
adequate image so it allow the
assistant to have the same view as
surgeon Then
the assistant hold the camera
allowing the surgeon to operate with
tow hands

22.  Today laparoscopic surgery for the
following operations cholecystectoy,
appendectomy,splenectomy, node
biopsy, coloctomy, rectopexy,hernial
repair, fundoplication for gastro-
oesophageal reflux diseases,dudenal
perforation,
adrenalectomy,nephrectomy for doner
transp.

23. ONE port for lap cho .
GASLESS lap cho. By
abdominal wall lifting
.Lap. Cho. Through
vagina

24.  Robotics is rapidly developing in
surgery It is means that a machine
acting autonomously as a remote
extension of the surgeon minimal
invasive surgery (laparoscopic
surgery)is a form of telemanipulation
because the surgeon is physically
separated from the workspace so
telerobotics is an obvious tool to
extend the surgeon capabilities .

25. The goal is to restore the tactile cues and
intuitive dexterity of the surgeon which are
dim shed by minimal invasive surgery
several passive mechanical devices primarily
used to hold the telescope as assistants to
the surgeon then one master slave system
has tow primary components which act
surgeon arms to hold and manipulates the
detachable surgical instruments those pencil
sized with tiny electromechanically controlled

28.  Software is used to translate large
natural movements to extremely
precise micro movements surgeons
can immediately observe the
instruments in the patient`s body
respond to the movements of their
hands on the handles as if they were
performing the operation directly this
a void the need for the reversed
counterintuitive motion used in
minimally invasive surgery

29.  The robotic and computer
technologies can sense the surgeon`s
hand movement and scales it to seam
Lessly and electronically translate the
surgeon`s hand movements into
precise micro movements and filter
out any tremors in the surgeo`s hands
The robot can not move by itself or
decide for itself but requires the
surgeons

31.  The name of robot is Leonard da vinci
 The advantages of robot surgery are :
Invisible scaring ,no post operative pain
,minimal blood loss ,decrease the
complication ,shorter hospital stay
,quicker recovery.
For the surgeons can perform the
surgery from the console and then
over seas