Laparoscopy involves using small incisions and a camera to perform surgery in the abdomen or pelvis. It requires specialized instruments including trocars for instrument insertion, graspers and forceps for tissue manipulation, scissors and staplers for cutting and sealing, and electrosurgical devices. Key components of laparoscopy are insufflation of carbon dioxide gas, optical devices for visualization, and various instruments tailored for intra-abdominal use and manipulation of delicate tissues during minimally invasive procedures.

1. Presented By:
Lecturer and program
Coordinator’s of
Surgical Technology,
DIMT, DUHS.

2. • Laparoscopy is a technologically dependent surgery
comprising of computerized designed instruments with
microprocessor controlled safety features.

3. o laparoscopy also called minimal invasive
surgery or keyhole surgery.
o laparoscopy is an operation performed in
the abdomen or pelvis using small incisions
(usually 0.5–1.5 cm) with the aid of a
camera.

4. • Usually consist of following:
• Cannulas and Trocars.
• Trocar Incision Closure Devices.
• Electrodes and Electrosurgical Cables.
• Laparoscopic Bipolar Scissors and Graspers.
• Forceps and Graspers.
• Hooks and Probes.
• Knot Pushers.
• Needles and Needle Holders.

5. o Optical devices
o Equipment's of creating/ maintaining domain
o Instruments for Access
o Operative instruments
o Energy sources
o Hemostatis
o Miscellaneous

6. o TELESCOPE:
o A telescope is like a thin
laprascope with a light
source.
o It is used to light up and
magnify the structures of
the abdominal cavity.
o A telescope is passed/
insert into the abdomen
through a small cut in
the skin.

7. Flow chart of laparscopic equipments

8. o Halogen bulbs are low voltage
and have an average life of
2,000 hours. Colour
temperature of Halogen lamp
is (5000-5600 K). These
lamps are cheap and can be
used for laparoscopic surgery
if low budget setup is
required.

9. o Now a day there is two types
of light cable available in field.
o Fiber Optic cable
o liquid crystal gel cable

10. Optic cables :
o These cables are made up of a bundle of optical fibres glass
thread swaged at both ends. The fiber size used is usually
between 10 to 25 mm in diameter. They have a very high quality
of optical transmission, but are fragile.
Gel cables :
o These cables are made up of a sheath that is filled with a clear
optical gel. (Liquid crystal). Theoretically they are capable of
transmitting 30% more light than optic fiber.

11. o The basic principle of image
reproduction is horizontal beam
scanning on the face of the picture
tube. This plate is coated internally
with a fluorescent substance
containing phosphor. This generates
electrons when struck by beams from
the electron gun. As the beam
sweeps horizontally and back it
covers all the picture elements before
reaching its original position.

12. • Gas insufflation
o ca2: Laparoscopic surgery involves insufflation of
a gas (usually carbon dioxide) into the peritoneal
cavity producing a pneumoperitoneum. This
causes an increase in intra-abdominal pressure
(IAP). Carbon dioxide is insufflated into the
peritoneal cavity at a rate of 4–6 litre min−1 to a
pressure of 10–20 mm Hg.

13. o 1: VERESS NEEDLE :-
o A Veress needle or Veres needle is a
spring-loaded needle used to create
pneumoperitoneum for laparoscopic
surgery Of the three general
approaches to laparoscopic access

14. o A laparoscopic instrument for
open (rather than blind needle
insufflation) placement of the
initial port. The Hasson has a
blunt-tipped obturator instead of
a sharp trocar and a balloon on
the distal portion of the sheath to
hold it in place. Synonym(s):
laparoscopic cannula.

15. • Optical trocar access is a technique
to place the initial trocar in.
laparoscopic surgery. With optical
trocar access, each tissue layer can
be visualized before insertion, which
can help prevent organ injury, and
air leaks at the trocar site can be
minimized even in obese patients.

16. Trocars:-
• A trocar is a medical or veterinary device
that is made up of an awl, a cannula,
and a seal. Trocars are placed through
the abdomen during laparoscopic
surgery. The trocar functions as a portal
for the subsequent placement of other
instruments, such as graspers, scissors,
staplers, etc

17. • Needle drivers, or needle holders,
are used to grasp and manipulate
needles to enable free-hand
suturing of wounds or surgical
incisions within the body during
laparoscopic procedures. Surgical
needle drivers have been in
widespread use for little over a
century.

18. • Laparoscopic bowel graspers, otherwise known as
bowel forceps, are a form of grasping instrument
designed to safely manipulate delicate abdominal tissue
during laparoscopic procedures.
• Function :
• One of their main functions is to facilitate adequate
access to the surgical site by holding bowel tissue clear
of the operating field.

19. • Bullet Nose Grasper with either straight or diamond-cut
serrations has a blunt bullet nose tip design with an
atraumatic grasping jaw (one that will not produce tissue
damage.
• Function :
• These graspers are ideal for dissecting or grasping
delicate anatomy.

20. • Laparoscopic fenestrated graspers,
otherwise known as bowel forceps, are a
form of grasping instrument designed to
safely manipulate delicate abdominal
tissue and intestinal during laparoscopic
procedures.
• FUNCTION:~ their main functions is to
facilitate adequate access to the surgical
site by holding bowel tissue clear of the
operating field.

21. • Atraumatic and retraction laparoscopic
graspers used in basic, advanced
laparoscopy, gyn laparoscopy, and
laparoscopic bariatric procedures.
• Single- and double-action jaws.
• Available in a modular three-piece design
for effective cleaning and inspection or in
a traditional design with flush ports for
cleaning.

22. • laparoscopic clip applier. An instrument for applying
surgical clips to tissue during laparoscopic or endoscopic
procedures.
• Clip applicator is used for applying titanium clip. Titanium
clip is used in laparoscopic to stop bleeding and to close
small tubular structure.

23. • Laparoscopic staplers are
longer, thinner, and may be
articulated to allow for access
from a restricted number of
trocar ports. Some staplers
incorporate a knife, to complete
excision and anastomosis in a
single operation. Staplers are
used to close both internal and
skin wounds.

24. • MARYLAND DISSECTOR :
• The Endo-Maryland Dissector is a mono-
polar electrosurgical instrument for dissection
and haemo-stasis. Branches for coagulation
and blunt dissection of tissue. Reverse
handle for best ergonomic performance and
higher force for blunt dissection.

25. • The bipolar forceps securely grasp tissue, precisely
dissect, and are able to effectively coagulate small
as well as very large blood vessels (2 mm to 20
mm), alleviating the need for surgical clips or
staples.

26. • laparoscopic surgery,
scissors are used to cut a
variety of tissue, including
fibrotic or calcified tissue,
sutures, and occasionally
tissue containing staples.
Disposable scissors may
become dull and ineffective.

27. • Surgical hooks are common surgical instruments, found in
most instrument sets and used for exploration and the
manipulation and retraction of tissues, nerves, vessels, and
bone. Styles include hook scissors, dural hooks,
manipulators, nerve hooks, blunt or ball-tipped hooks, bone
hooks, guide hooks, and more.

28. • The endo lung instrument has
application in a variety of
general, thoracic, gynecologic,
urologic and endoscopic
procedures for temporary
grasping/clamping of tissue
and small tubular structures.

29. • Endo Babcock™ Single Use Instrument
• The Endo Babcock™ 10 mm instrument has applications in a
variety of general, thoracic, gynecologic, urologic, and
endoscopic procedures for temporary grasping/clamping of
tissue and small tubular structures.

30. • Electrosurgery :
• Electrosurgery is the application of a high-frequency alternating
polarity, electrical current to biological tissue as a means to cut,
coagulate, desiccate, or fulgurate tissue. Its benefits include the
ability to make precise cuts with limited blood loss.

31. 1. ttps://www.surgicalholdings.co.uk/laparoscopic-
instruments.html
2. https://www.laparoscopic.md/surgery/instruments
3. https://www.aesculapusa.com/content/dam/aesculap-
us/us/website/aesculap-inc/healthcareprofessionals/or-
soultions/pdfs/DOC960-Laparoscopic-Instruments-
Overview-Brochure.pdf