The document discusses the Lost Colony of Roanoke and early English settlements in North America, including Jamestown. It describes how the Roanoke colony disappeared mysteriously. It then details the founding of Jamestown and the early struggles, including a focus on gold over food that led to famine. John Smith took control and improved relations with the local Powhatan tribe, but tensions rose as colonists demanded tribute and kidnapped Native American children. The discovery of tobacco eventually saved Jamestown. Indentured servitude and slavery arose to supply labor for the tobacco trade. Class divisions worsened over time and led to Bacon's Rebellion against the governor.

1. The Lost Colony of Roanoke

2. The Lost Colony of Roanoke Sir Walter Raleigh tried to start a colony on Roanoke Island off the coast of North Carolina. Native Americans welcomed settlers. They even gave them nets for catching fish. Settlers were looking for gold, so they didn’t spend much time providing for their daily needs (no fishing trips).

3. So…. When supplies ran low, they returned to England.

4. Let’s Try This Again In 1587 Sir Walter Raleigh sent a second group of colonists to Roanoke. But, they arrived too late for the planting season. Their leader, John White, sailed back to England for supplies. However, fighting broke out in England when he got there and he wasn’t able to come back for 3 years.

5. Finally… When White finally reached the island, the colonists had disappeared. Carved on a doorpost was the word, “CROATOAN”. To this day, both the meaning of this word and what happened to the lost colony of Roanoke remain a mystery. In your INB, write the word CROATOAN as you think it may have looked.

6. Jamestown

7. English Settlement English colonization was funded by corporations rather than the government. 1607, Jamestown was founded in Virginia. In movies, this is called “foreshadowing”.

8. Problems at Jamestown Colonists were too focused on finding gold to think about planting food . Many colonists were “above” laboring for their own food, since they didn’t have to in England. People began dying of disease and hunger. John Smith took control.

9. Keeping Jamestown Alive Smith forced every person to plant or gather food. Sought support from the Powhatan tribe. Befriended Chief Powhatan (sort of). Powhatans let many colonists live with them and share food. This made the other anti-Indian colonists mad. They seek revenge …

10. Native American Struggles Colonists began demanding tributes from the Native Americans. To threaten them, they burned down villages and kidnapped children . Pocahontas was one of these children. She grew up and married John Rolfe (a colonist). This created a “fake-nice” relationship between the Powhatans and the colonists.

11. Why They Stayed Settlers were about to abandon Jamestown, because they weren’t “getting rich quick” like they intended. BUT then they discovered tobacco . Within a decade, colonists were exporting 1.5 million pounds of tobacco to England per year! These days, over 5 million people die each year because of tobacco. Thanks, Jamestown!

12. Now, recall that the English colonists didn’t want to work to plant food for themselves to eat … Do you think they wanted to do the work required to export 1.5 million pounds of tobacco each year? What did they do?

13. Indentured Servants & Slaves Colonists shipped in lower class people from England and people from Africa to work as indentured servants . Some of the Africans were sold as slaves instead.

14. Social Class Struggles Former indentured servants were becoming free. They had no money to buy land, which meant they had basically no rights . This group made up 25% of the population! The lower class got larger, while the upper class got wealthier. This battle between rich and poor led to Bacon’s Rebellion in 1676. 100 years before the Declaration of Independence.

15. Bacon’s Rebellion Frontier settlers were usually lower class, because that’s where they could afford to live. They clashed with Native Americans, because they were encroaching on Native American land. Wars broke out between the two. Frontiersmen wanted the Virginia governor to finance the war. He refused, because it only affected the “poor people”. Nathaniel Bacon rose as a leader of the frontier people, and waged an unsuccessful rebellion against the governor.

16. Let’s Talk About Bacon’s Rebellion How did social class differences lead to the rebellion? How does social stratification impact society? Has social stratification in our society changed? Is it better? Is it worse? For whom? What can be done to alleviate problems caused by social stratification?

17. Now on to the worksheet…

18. How did England establish territorial claims in North America? John Cabot’s brief landing on Newfoundland established English claims in North America. The English also established settlements in Virginia.

19. What was life like in Jamestown? Life was difficult for the settlers in Jamestown. Their settlement was located in a swamp where disease-carrying mosquitoes bred. Most settlers were unwilling or unable to provide for themselves. After Captain John Smith took over leadership, conditions improved. When Smith was forced to return to England however, the settlers went through the starving time. Native Americans would not trade with the settlers.

20. What type of relationship existed between the English and the Native Americans living around Jamestown? Captain John Smith became friends with the Native Americans. The daughter of the chief, Pocahontas, helped the colonists avoid starvation. Although the Native Americans refused to trade with the settlers during the Starving Time, relations improved when John Rolfe married Pocahontas.

21. Now in your INB… 1. What did English settlers have to do to survive in this environment? 2. How do you think the Native Americans living in this area felt about English settlement? 3. How could English settlers learn from Native Americans?