Chesapeake Colonization
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AP U.S. History Presentation for students at the Media Arts Collaborative Charter School. Based on a presentation created by Susan Pojer of Horace Greeley High School.
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Chesapeake Colonization
- 1. The Settlement of the Chesapeake Thanks to Susan M. Pojer at Horace Greeley High School for the basis of this presentation
- 2. Reasons for European Migrations to the Americas in the 17 c
- 10. Virginia
- 14. Origins of Jamestown Settlers Each dot on this map of England shows a place where a Jamestown settler came from. Historians have read the 400-year-old records of Jamestown to find where the settlers came from.
- 16. Chesapeake Bay Geographic/environmental problems??
- 20. Jamestown Fort & Settlement Map
- 21. Jamestown Fort & Settlement (Computer Generated)
- 25. Captain John Smith: The Right Man for the Job?? There was no talk…but dig gold , wash gold , refine gold , load gold …
- 27. Pocahontas A 1616 engraving Pocahontas “saves” Captain John Smith
- 32. Indian Foods
- 36. English Migration: 1610-1660
- 38. Jamestown Colonization Pattern: 1620-1660
- 40. “ Widowarchy” High mortality among husbands and fathers left many women in the Chesapeake colonies with unusual autonomy and wealth
- 41. John Rolfe What finally made the colony prosperous??
- 42. John Rolfe Rolfe came to Virginia in 1610, after losing his wife and child in Bermuda. He brought a popular strain of tobacco plant with him, nicotiana tabacum , from Bermuda. By 1612, he was exporting the plant back to England. Rolfe later married Pochohantas.
- 43. Tobacco Plant Virginia’s gold and silver . -- John Rolfe, 1612
- 44. Early Colonial Tobacco 1618 — Virginia produces 20,000 pounds of tobacco. 1622 — Despite losing nearly one-third of its colonists in an Indian attack, Virginia produces 60,000 pounds of tobacco. 1627 — Virginia produces 500,000 pounds of tobacco. 1629 — Virginia produces 1,500,000 pounds of tobacco.
- 45. Tobacco Prices: 1618-1710 Why did tobacco prices decline so precipitously?
- 47. Indentured Servitude Headright System
- 49. Why was 1619 a pivotal year for the Chesapeake settlement?
- 51. By the 1640’s, the burgesses had become a separate legislative body known as the “House of Burgesses” House of Burgesses
- 53. Virginia House of Burgesses
- 59. 17 c Population in the Chesapeake WHY this large increase in black popul.??
- 60. The Atlantic Slave Trade
- 66. Smith’s Portrayal of Native Americans
- 68. Powhatan Uprising of 1622
- 72. Bacon’s Rebellion: 1676
- 74. Governor Berkeley’s “Fault Line”
- 76. Maryland
- 79. St Mary’s City (1634)
- 80. Currency in Early Maryland
- 83. MD Toleration Act, 1649
- 84. The Toleration Act of 1649 ...whatsoever person or persons shall from henceforth upon any occasion of offence otherwise in a reproachfull manner or way declare call or denominate any person or persons whatsoever inhabiting, residing, traficking, trading or comercing within this province or within any ports, harbours, creeks or havens to the same belonging, an Heretick, Schismatick, Idolator, Puritan, Independent Presbyterian, Antenomian, Barrowist, Roundhead, Separatist, Popish Priest, Jesuit, Jesuited Papist, Lutheran, Calvenist, Anabaptist, Brownist or any other name or term in a reproachful manner relating to matters of Religion shall for every such offence foreit and lose the sum of ten shillings Sterling or the value thereof to be levied on the goods and chattels of every such offender and offenders... and if they could not pay, they were to be "publickly whipt and imprisoned without bail" until "he, she, or they shall satisfy the party so offended or grieved by such reproachful language...."
- 85. British Colonial Settlements by 1660
Editor's Notes
- It soon became apparent why the Virginia Indians did not occupy the site, and the inhospitable conditions severely challenged the settlers. Jamestown Island is a swampy area, and furthermore, it was isolated from most potential hunting game such as deer and bears which like to forage over much larger areas. The settlers quickly hunted and killed off all the large and smaller game that was to be found on the tiny peninsula. The low, marshy area was infested with mosquitoes and other airborne pests, and the brackish water of the tidal James River was not a good source of water. The settlers who came over on the initial three ships were not well-equipped for the life they found in Jamestown. In addition to the "gentlemen", who were not accustomed to manual or skilled labor, they consisted mainly of English farmers and "Eight Dutchmen and Poles" hired in Royal Prussia . [5] Many suffered from saltwater poisoning which led to infection, fevers and dysentery . As a result of these conditions, most of the early settlers died of disease and starvation. Despite the immediate area of Jamestown being uninhabited, the settlers were attacked less than a fortnight after their arrival on May 14, by Paspahegh Indians who succeeded in killing one of the settlers and wounding eleven more. By June 15, the settlers finished the initial triangle James Fort. A week later, Newport sailed back for London on the Susan Constant with a load of pyrite ("fools' gold") and other supposedly precious minerals, leaving the tiny Discovery behind for the use of the colonists. Newport returned twice from England with additional supplies in the following 18 months, leading what were termed the First and Second Supply missions.
- It soon became apparent why the Virginia Indians did not occupy the site, and the inhospitable conditions severely challenged the settlers. Jamestown Island is a swampy area, and furthermore, it was isolated from most potential hunting game such as deer and bears which like to forage over much larger areas. The settlers quickly hunted and killed off all the large and smaller game that was to be found on the tiny peninsula. The low, marshy area was infested with mosquitoes and other airborne pests, and the brackish water of the tidal James River was not a good source of water. The settlers who came over on the initial three ships were not well-equipped for the life they found in Jamestown. In addition to the "gentlemen", who were not accustomed to manual or skilled labor, they consisted mainly of English farmers and "Eight Dutchmen and Poles" hired in Royal Prussia . [5] Many suffered from saltwater poisoning which led to infection, fevers and dysentery . As a result of these conditions, most of the early settlers died of disease and starvation. Despite the immediate area of Jamestown being uninhabited, the settlers were attacked less than a fortnight after their arrival on May 14, by Paspahegh Indians who succeeded in killing one of the settlers and wounding eleven more. By June 15, the settlers finished the initial triangle James Fort. A week later, Newport sailed back for London on the Susan Constant with a load of pyrite ("fools' gold") and other supposedly precious minerals, leaving the tiny Discovery behind for the use of the colonists. Newport returned twice from England with additional supplies in the following 18 months, leading what were termed the First and Second Supply missions.
- The Starving Time at Jamestown in the English Colony of Virginia was a period of forced starvation initiated by the Powhatan Confederacy to remove the English from Virginia. The campaign killed all but 60 of the 400--colonists during the winter of 1609–1610. The colonists, the first group of whom had originally arrived at Jamestown on May 14, 1607, had never planned to grow all of their own food. Instead, their plans depended upon trade with the local American Indian Powhatan Confederacy to supply them with food between the arrival of periodic supply ships from England. However, the efforts by anti-English leaders amongst the Powhatan Confederacy succeeded in isolating the tenuous English colony. Additionally, lack of access to water and a relatively dry rain season crippled the agricultural production of the colonists. After Captain John Smith's return to England in October 1609, the Powhatan placed the colony completely under siege and attempted to end the English settlement through starvation. A fleet from England, damaged by a hurricane, arrived months behind schedule with new colonists, but without expected food supplies. On June 7, 1610 the survivors boarded ships, abandoned the colony site, and sailed towards the Chesapeake Bay . However, another supply convoy with new supplies and headed by a newly-appointed governor, Thomas West, Baron De La Warr , intercepted the colonists on the lower James River and returned them to Jamestown.