DNA profiling uses patterns of repeating DNA sequences that vary between individuals to identify people at a molecular level. It has various applications including criminal identification by comparing DNA evidence from a crime scene to a suspect's DNA, determining biological relationships in cases of disputed parentage, and diagnosing inherited genetic disorders. The most common current method is short tandem repeat analysis using PCR to amplify short repeating sequences and generate a DNA fingerprint.
Molecular Basis of Inheritance : DNA Profiling : Brief History and Satellite DNAManisha Siwach
The technique of DNA Profiling is based on sequencing 0.1 % DNA which is unique in each individual . This technique was developed by Alec Jeffreys in 1984 . It's a technique used to identify living things based on their DNA by looking at unique patterns in their DNA
Molecular Basis of Inheritance : DNA Profiling : Brief History and Satellite DNAManisha Siwach
The technique of DNA Profiling is based on sequencing 0.1 % DNA which is unique in each individual . This technique was developed by Alec Jeffreys in 1984 . It's a technique used to identify living things based on their DNA by looking at unique patterns in their DNA
An explanation of the different types of paternity tests available. This document covers Home Paternity Testing as well as Legal Paternity Testing. How to setup each type of testing as well as how much testing cost is covered in this report.
The power point presentation consists of 36 slides explaining about history, principle, different steps involved and applications of DNA fingerprinting. Recent Developments and the Future prospects of DNA profiling have also been mentioned
DNA fingerprinting is a method used to identify living things based on samples of their DNA. Instead of looking at the whole sequence of a person’s DNA, these techniques look at the presence or absence of common markers that can be quickly and easily identified.
4. (TCO 9) Provide a detailed description of the techniques used to .pdfarrowit1
4. (TCO 9) Provide a detailed description of the techniques used to make a DNA fingerprint.
What are some of the uses and applications of DNA fingerprinting?
Solution
DNA fingerprinting is a technique used to determine the nucleotides sequences of DNA which
are unique to each individual.
Technique
1. Extraction of the DNA from the source the DNA is extracted from blood sample, hair follicles
etc.available sample.
2.DNA is cut into fragments the DNA molecules broken with the help of restriction
endonuclease. Here the cleaning is double strand cut producing DNA fragments of different
lengths this fragment are also called restricted fragment length polymorphism Manyi of this
fragment contain vntr
3. Separation of the fragments using gel electrophoresis. As the DNA molecule is negatively
charged hence it will move towards positive or not in the setup the gel based matrix provides tiny
pores through which DNA molecules travel the larger molecules travel slowly where is the
smallest mens travel quickly from the loading point at the end of the experiment DNA pieces of
equal length obtained.
4. The DNA fragments or now treated with alkaline chemicals to facilitate denaturation into
single stranded DNA this is very important step.
5. Southern blotting technique in this technique nitrocellulose membrane is used the DNA is
bloated on suitable membrane like nitrocellulose or nylon membranes as they have good binding
capacity the membrane is subjected to gentle pressure due to this single stranded DNA fragments
are pulled and transfer onto the membrane . the membrane contains replica of the DNA.
Hybridisation with suitable DNA probe which is single stranded DNA having complementary
sequence to the desired DNA. Before using the probe the DNA of tagged with fluorescent dyes
to help in detection of the desired DNA excess probea are washed away.
5. the DNA sample is visualised using autoradiography the hybridisation pattern is called DNA
fingerprint having a sequence complementary to the probe.
6. PCR technique is a technique is useful to synthesise millions of copies of the DNA sequence
when low amount of DNA is available for the study this technique is used modifications of PCR
technique like r a p d PCR rflp PCR helps in giving accurate results.
Applications of DNA fingerprinting :
1.This test is used in the case of disputes regarding paternity testing .
2 it is useful tool in forensic applications
3.It is used to assess migration pattern of ancient population
4.it is used to determine Genetic diversity is in the evolutionary biology.
4. It is used to diagnose inherited disorders in both prenatal and newborn babies examples
huntington\'s disease Alzheimer\'s Sickle Cell anaemia Thalassemia haemophilia.
5. DNA fingerprinting is used to come from confirm cell line identity in a cell line collection.
6. It also helps in developing cures for inherited disorders..
DNA Fingerprinting of plants . History,procedure of DNA fingerprinting, PCR and NON PCR technique like RAPD,SSR,RELPs, application of DNA fingerprinting, advantage and disadvantage of DNA fingerprinting.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
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3. The most powerful and
awesome tool acquired
by humans since the
splitting of atoms”
The Time
Magazine (U.S.A)
“
4. INTRODUCTION
• DNA profiling (also
called DNA testing, DNA
typing, or genetic
fingerprinting) is “technology
of using tandem repeats of
individuals to identify
individuals”
5. Although the majority of our DNA
is the same, there are short
pieces called “microsatellites”, which repeats many
times in a person’s DNA. It’s the
pattern of repeats that are
different between individuals.
Knowing these microsatellite DNA sequences is
the basis of “DNA
9. can by used for identification.
• Based on non coding regions
of DNA
•Non coding regions have
repeating DNA sequences
•Number of repeats differs
between people
•Banding pattern on a gel is a
DNA fingerprint
11. RFLP-based (Restriction
fragments length polymorphism)
•Original method developed by Alec
Jeffreys
DNA can be extracted from of DNA
•1st step is the Extraction
almost any human tissue.
Sources of DNA found at a
crime scene might include
blood, semen, tissue from a
deceased victim, cells in a
hair follicle, and even saliva.
DNA extracted from items of
evidence is compared to DNA
14. DNA is extracted from
sample
•DNA in the
nucleus of the
cell is
molded, folded, a
nd protected by
Proteins
•Proteinase K is
15. Ethanol
Precipitation
The DNA must be purified from the cell
extract.
Ethanol lowers the effective water
concentration, causing large biomolecules to interpenetrate and
aggregate. The result is a visible
precipitate at the interface, where the
ethanol is concentrated.
DNA will rise into the alcohol layer from
16. Step 2.DNA cuts with the
help of Restriction
Endonuclease
DNA is cut into millions of small
fragments with the help of restriction
Endonuclease
Restriction enzymes chop DNA at
specific sequences.
the patterns occur in different places in
17.
18. We are ALL a little bit different!
BIG
WAQAS’ DNA
LITTL
E
AHMED NAWAZ’
DNA
19. Our DNA has different sizes of pieces so
it makes a different pattern when it’s all
WAQAS
cut up ’ DNA
AHMED NAWAZ’ DNA
21. GEL
ELECTROPHORESIS
Fragments of DNA from restriction
enzyme cleavage
are separated from each other when they
migrate
through a support called an agarose gel
– It is similar to the yummy food Jell-O
gelatin
– It is actually made out of some of the
same ingredients
• The size-based separation of Molecules
22.
23. GEL
ELECTROPHORESIS
The separated DNA fragments are then
drawn out of
the gel using a nylon membrane
• The nylon membrane is treated with
chemicals that
break the hydrogen bonds in DNA and
separate the
strands
• The single stranded DNA is cross linked
to the nylon
membrane
25. The final step to making a genetic
fingerprint is to place a photographic
film on top of the nylon surface. The
probes leave marks on the film
wherever they attached to the
RFLPs. Dark bands will then show up
when the film is developed, which
marks the length of the RFLPs that
were hybridized. Researchers are
then able to read the fingerprint and
match it to others. They do this by
26.
27. DNA fingerprints can b used to
determine which bone fragment
belongs to which individual.
28. STRs & PCR
Currently, the most popular method of DNA fingerprinting
are short tandem
repeats, or STRs for short
Unlike VNTRs which analyze minisatellites that have
repeat
sequences of 9-80 base pairs, STRs use microsatellites
which have repeat sequences of
only 2-5 base pairs, introducing the “less is more”
This was a big step forward in
philosophy to the world of DNAforensic science since the
length of DNA
fingerprinting.
fragment being analyzed is short enough to be amplified
by polymerase chain reaction
(PCR), so now we are able to analyze a very small
29. PCR was developed in the mid 1980’s
and used the same principles that cells
use to replicate DNA to amplify the
specified region, which is usually
between 150-3,000 base pairs in length.
STEPS IN PCR OPERATION
The solution is heated to 95 C to unzip the double
helix DNA structure.
• The solution is cooled to 55 C to allow the primers
to bind to the ends of the
DNA.
• The solution is then reheated to 75 C which is the
optimal temperature for the Taq polymerase to
30. ADVANTAGES OF STRs OVER
RFLP/VNTR
STRs are currently the most popular type of
DNA fingerprint, since the whole
PCR process takes only a few
hours, compared to RFLP/VNTR probe
hybridization and film exposure which can
take several days. STRs can use much
smaller samples ofand quality of the DNA
DNA than
Thus, the integrity
RFLPs/VNTRs, and can factoruse partially
even with STRs than
sample is not as great a
degraded DNA to create a fingerprint
with the traditional methods of DNA
fingerprinting
31. DISADVANTAGE OF
STRs
The only disadvantage of the STR
approach is it is sensitive to
contaminating DNA, so usually the
STR approach is used first, followed
by a VNTR analysis if contamination
is suspected, and enough DNA is
available.
34. Diagnosis of Inherited
Disorders
Diagnose inherited disorders in
both prenatal and newborn
babies
These disorders may include
cystic
fibrosis, hemophilia, Huntington
's disease, familial
35. CONCLUSIO
N
DNA fingerprinting is the most sophisticated
way to identify living organisms.
DNA cannot easily be altered once it is left at
a
crimescene or deposited with a
mummy, which makes it a strong forensic
tool. RFLPs and VNTRs are the traditional
methods of fingerprinting DNA, which uses a
relatively large sample that uses the method
of probe hybridization to detect
polymorphisms in the