History of Computers

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The document traces the evolution of computers from ancient calculating devices like the abacus to modern electronic computers. It outlines key developments such as the earliest mechanical calculating machines in the 1600s, the first programmable computer in the 1940s, the invention of the transistor and integrated circuit in the mid-1900s which allowed computers to become smaller, and the emergence of microprocessors, personal computers and software programs in the 1970s-1980s which made computers widely used. The document also provides a brief overview of the five generations of computers and the basic components of a modern computer.

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Generations Of Computers “ Artificial Intelligence” based computers Under development 5th Very Large Scale Integrated Circuits 1975- 4th Large Scale Integrated Circuits 1964-75 3rd Use transistors 1959-64 2nd Use Valves (Vacuum tubes) 1944-59 1st Characteristic Dates Generation

The Five Generations of Computers Computer generations Generations of Computer First Generation Computers (1940-1956) Advantages Disadvantages Second Generation Computers (1956-1963) Advantages Disadvantages Third Generation Computers(1964-1971) Advantages Disadvantages Fourth Generation Computers (1971-present) Advantages Disadvantages Fifth Generation Computers(present and beyond) Advantages Disadvantages

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Computer has become a part of our life. Today along with calculations, their work area is very wide-supermarket scanners scan and calculate our grocery bill and also keep store inventory, automatic teller machines(ATM) helps us in banking transaction how the technology has developed and what its future course is To understand this first we should know about the different generations of computers. The First electronic computer was designed and built at the university of pennsylvania based on vaccum tube technology. Vaccum tubes were used to perform logic operations and to store data. Generations of computers has been divided into five according to the development of technologies used to fabricate the processors, memories and I/O units. The History of computer development is often referred to in reference to the different generations of computing devices. Each generation of computer is characterized by a major technological development that fundamentally changed the way computers operates, resulting in increasingly smaller, cheaper, more powerful and more efficient and reliable devices.

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