The history of anatomy extends from early examinations of sacrificial victims in ancient Egypt to modern scientific analyses. Over time, understanding of organ and body structure functions has continually developed. In ancient Egypt and Greece, early anatomists like Alcmaeon began the first scientific dissections and discoveries about structures like the brain, heart, and blood vessels. Galen's 2nd century AD dissections of apes and pigs informed his influential works on anatomy, though some theories like blood flow were later found to be incorrect. Anatomical study declined in the Middle Ages but resumed with innovations like Vesalius' cadaver dissections in the 16th century and Harvey's discovery of blood circulation. Modern anatomy applies new technologies to further understand structure
This document provides a history of anatomy from ancient times to modern times. It describes early Greek anatomists like Hippocrates and Aristotle and their contributions. During the Renaissance period, anatomists like Da Vinci and Vesalius advanced anatomy by conducting dissections. In the 17th-18th centuries, William Harvey discovered blood circulation and Antonie van Leeuwenhoek improved the microscope. Anatomy further developed in the 19th-20th centuries with advances like X-rays, CT scans, and MRI. The document also discusses the history of anatomy in ancient India as described in texts like the Charak Samhita and Susruta Samhita.
The document discusses various topics in human anatomy. It defines anatomy as the study of the structure of the human body and describes its main subdivisions. These include cadaveric anatomy, regional anatomy, systemic anatomy, and living anatomy which can be studied through inspection, palpation, and various medical imaging techniques. It also discusses embryology, histology, surface anatomy, radiographic anatomy, comparative anatomy, and applied anatomy. Finally, it outlines some key anatomical terminology, body positions, planes, and directions as well as movements like abduction, adduction, and rotation.
This document provides an introduction to general anatomy. It defines anatomy as the study of the structure and function of the body. Anatomy can be studied at both the gross and microscopic level. Key terms are also defined, such as anatomical position, directional terms, anatomical planes, and terms related to movement. The document outlines different methods for studying anatomy, including systemic, regional, and anatomical imaging approaches. It also describes the organizational levels of the body from chemical to organism. Overall, the document serves as an overview of the fundamental concepts and terminology of human anatomy.
This document defines anatomy and its branches. Anatomy is the study of the structure and organization of the body. The two main branches are gross anatomy, which studies macroscopic or visible structures, and microscopic anatomy, which studies microscopic tissues. Gross anatomy has regional and systematic sub-branches. Microscopic anatomy includes cytology, the study of cells, and histology, the study of tissues. Other branches discussed are embryology, surface anatomy, radiological anatomy, clinical anatomy, and methods for preserving cadavers.
This document summarizes the classification of bones based on shape, development, region, and structure. It discusses the different types of bones such as long bones, short bones, flat bones, and irregular bones. It also describes the types of cartilage, classification of joints, and provides additional facts about bones.
This document provides an overview of general physiology concepts including:
- Physiology is the study of how cells, tissues, and organisms function
- Shivering occurs when we feel cold to help warm the body through involuntary muscle contractions
- The hypothalamus detects a fall in temperature and causes shivering to increase body temperature
- Homeostasis refers to maintaining a relatively constant internal environment through feedback mechanisms like negative feedback which acts to reverse changes and positive feedback which accelerates changes.
The history of anatomy extends from early examinations of sacrificial victims in ancient Egypt to modern scientific analyses. Over time, understanding of organ and body structure functions has continually developed. In ancient Egypt and Greece, early anatomists like Alcmaeon began the first scientific dissections and discoveries about structures like the brain, heart, and blood vessels. Galen's 2nd century AD dissections of apes and pigs informed his influential works on anatomy, though some theories like blood flow were later found to be incorrect. Anatomical study declined in the Middle Ages but resumed with innovations like Vesalius' cadaver dissections in the 16th century and Harvey's discovery of blood circulation. Modern anatomy applies new technologies to further understand structure
This document provides a history of anatomy from ancient times to modern times. It describes early Greek anatomists like Hippocrates and Aristotle and their contributions. During the Renaissance period, anatomists like Da Vinci and Vesalius advanced anatomy by conducting dissections. In the 17th-18th centuries, William Harvey discovered blood circulation and Antonie van Leeuwenhoek improved the microscope. Anatomy further developed in the 19th-20th centuries with advances like X-rays, CT scans, and MRI. The document also discusses the history of anatomy in ancient India as described in texts like the Charak Samhita and Susruta Samhita.
The document discusses various topics in human anatomy. It defines anatomy as the study of the structure of the human body and describes its main subdivisions. These include cadaveric anatomy, regional anatomy, systemic anatomy, and living anatomy which can be studied through inspection, palpation, and various medical imaging techniques. It also discusses embryology, histology, surface anatomy, radiographic anatomy, comparative anatomy, and applied anatomy. Finally, it outlines some key anatomical terminology, body positions, planes, and directions as well as movements like abduction, adduction, and rotation.
This document provides an introduction to general anatomy. It defines anatomy as the study of the structure and function of the body. Anatomy can be studied at both the gross and microscopic level. Key terms are also defined, such as anatomical position, directional terms, anatomical planes, and terms related to movement. The document outlines different methods for studying anatomy, including systemic, regional, and anatomical imaging approaches. It also describes the organizational levels of the body from chemical to organism. Overall, the document serves as an overview of the fundamental concepts and terminology of human anatomy.
This document defines anatomy and its branches. Anatomy is the study of the structure and organization of the body. The two main branches are gross anatomy, which studies macroscopic or visible structures, and microscopic anatomy, which studies microscopic tissues. Gross anatomy has regional and systematic sub-branches. Microscopic anatomy includes cytology, the study of cells, and histology, the study of tissues. Other branches discussed are embryology, surface anatomy, radiological anatomy, clinical anatomy, and methods for preserving cadavers.
This document summarizes the classification of bones based on shape, development, region, and structure. It discusses the different types of bones such as long bones, short bones, flat bones, and irregular bones. It also describes the types of cartilage, classification of joints, and provides additional facts about bones.
This document provides an overview of general physiology concepts including:
- Physiology is the study of how cells, tissues, and organisms function
- Shivering occurs when we feel cold to help warm the body through involuntary muscle contractions
- The hypothalamus detects a fall in temperature and causes shivering to increase body temperature
- Homeostasis refers to maintaining a relatively constant internal environment through feedback mechanisms like negative feedback which acts to reverse changes and positive feedback which accelerates changes.
Anatomy is the study of the structure of the human body. It can be studied in different ways including regionally, systemically, through gross anatomy, microscopic anatomy, developmental anatomy, surface anatomy, clinical anatomy, applied anatomy, and comparative anatomy. Gross anatomy involves studying structures visible to the naked eye through dissection, while microscopic anatomy uses microscopes to study tissues, cells, and structures. Different regions and systems of the body can also be focused on.
The document provides an overview of anatomy and physiology, covering three key concepts: the complementarity of structure and function, hierarchy of structural organization, and homeostasis. It defines anatomy as the study of body structure and physiology as the study of body function. Understanding anatomy is essential for comprehending physiology. Various topics in both anatomy and physiology are discussed at different structural levels, from the molecular to the organism level.
AN 1.1 introduction anatomical terminology-Dr.GosaiDr.B.B. Gosai
This is first lecture in anatomy regarding anatomical terminology to familiarize students for Anatomical position, various branches of anatomy, Planes, Terms of relations and terms of movements.
Visit my website for more presentations: https://www.drbbgosai.com/
My first lecture on anatomy for B.Sc Nursing I year students. My PPT covers introductory part, the anatomical and directional terms used. Hope you like it.
This document provides an overview of human anatomy, including definitions and key terminology. It discusses the various disciplines of anatomy, such as gross anatomy, microscopic anatomy, and developmental anatomy. It also describes anatomical planes like sagittal, frontal, and transverse. Key anatomical directions are defined, like anterior, posterior, proximal, and distal. The major body cavities and regions are introduced.
The document provides a basic overview of human anatomy, listing the main bones like the skull and sternum, key organs like the brain and heart, and major organ systems such as the circulatory, nervous, digestive, respiratory, and excretory systems. It notes that the human body is made up of bones, organs, and organ systems working together.
This document provides an overview of anatomical terminology, body positions, planes, cavities, and history. It discusses the standard anatomical position of the body and introduces common anatomical terms like anterior/posterior, proximal/distal, and flexion/extension. The major body cavities described are the thoracic cavity containing the lungs and heart, abdominal cavity containing most digestive organs, and pelvic cavity containing urinary and reproductive organs. A brief history of anatomy highlights important early anatomists like Herophilus and Vesalius.
Histology is the study of tissues at a microscopic level. It involves preparing tissue samples using processes like fixation, dehydration, embedding, sectioning, and staining. Different types of microscopes like light, transmission electron, and scanning electron microscopes are used to examine cells and structures at varying levels of magnification, resolution, and contrast. Common staining techniques include hematoxylin and eosin, periodic acid-schiff, and trichrome stains which allow visualization of different cellular components. Histochemistry and immunocytochemistry further aid in localization of macromolecules within tissues.
- Physiology is the scientific study of normal mechanisms and interactions within living systems. The study of human physiology as a medical field dates back to Hippocrates in 420 BC. Key figures who advanced the field include Aristotle, Galen, Fernel, Bernard, and Cannon.
- In the 19th century, knowledge in physiology began accumulating rapidly with cell theory and Bernard's concept of homeostasis. Major 20th century developments included comparative physiology and ecophysiology. Indian scientists like Paintal, Khorana, and Anand made important discoveries in neuroscience, genetics, and neurophysiology.
The document discusses the structure and function of cells, tissues, organs and systems in the human body. It begins by defining cells as the basic functional units that make up tissues like blood, muscle and bone. Tissues combine to form organs like the heart, stomach and brain. Organs work together in organ systems to carry out important body functions. The document then provides detailed descriptions of cell structures such as the cell membrane, cytoplasm, organelles, and the functions they perform. It also discusses how cells, tissues and organ systems are organized in the body.
This document provides an overview of basic human anatomy. It discusses:
1) The definition of human anatomy as the study of the normal structure and morphology of the body.
2) Key anatomical terms used to describe the orientation and location of structures in the body, including anterior/posterior, superior/inferior, medial/lateral.
3) The three major anatomical planes (sagittal, coronal, transverse) used to divide the human body.
This document provides an introduction to the field of physiology. Physiology is the study of how the body functions at various levels of organization and the goal is to explain the physical and chemical factors responsible for life. The human body functions through homeostasis, which is the dynamic self-regulation of internal conditions. Homeostasis is maintained through various feedback systems including the nervous, endocrine, and immune systems. Regulation occurs through chemical, nervous, and autoregulation. Both negative and positive feedback loops help control important variables like blood pressure and temperature. The field of physiology seeks to understand normal human body function and how systems fail in disease in order to alleviate health conditions.
Cartilage and bone are types of connective tissue that provide structure and support. There are three main types of cartilage - hyaline, elastic, and fibrocartilage - which are located in various parts of the body like joints, ears, and larynx. Cartilage is made of chondrocytes in an extracellular matrix. Bone develops from cartilage through endochondral ossification and forms directly from mesenchymal tissue through intramembranous ossification. Bones have compact bone, spongy bone, and are remodeled through the actions of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Common bone disorders occur due to defects in collagen, calcification, or excessive bone turnover.
Early Greek physicians like Hippocrates believed illness had physical causes and rejected superstitions, basing treatments on observations. Later, Galen and Da Vinci advanced anatomy through dissections of animals and humans, though Galen mistakenly assumed human and animal anatomy were identical. Andreas Vesalius was the first to accurately document human anatomy through dissecting criminals with papal permission. As medical schools opened, anatomists relied on executed criminals for cadavers due to beliefs that dissection prevented resurrection. William Harvey advanced circulation studies by dissecting family members. Some later anatomists resorted to grave robbing due to corpse shortages.
This document provides an overview of human anatomy. It begins with defining anatomy and tracing the history of its study from ancient Egypt and Greece to modern times. It then outlines the main divisions of anatomy including gross/topographical, microscopic, and developmental anatomy. The key anatomical terms, positions, planes, and body cavities are defined. In particular, it discusses the serous membranes that line body cavities like the pleura and peritoneum, protecting organs and reducing friction. Overall, the document concisely covers the essential concepts in human anatomy.
The document provides an overview of the anatomy and functions of the digestive system. It describes the digestive system as consisting of the alimentary canal and accessory organs. The alimentary canal includes the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. Accessory organs that aid digestion include the tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder and pancreas. The document outlines the locations and roles of each organ in ingestion, digestion, absorption and elimination of food.
Anatomy is the study of the structure of the body and has its origins in ancient Egypt and Greece. Key figures like Hippocrates and Galen performed early anatomical studies and dissections, though progress was limited during the Middle Ages. Significant advances were made from the 16th century onward as more dissections were allowed and drawings were made. Gray's Anatomy was a seminal text published in 1858. Modern anatomy utilizes new technologies like imaging to further understand organs and organ systems at a cellular and molecular level.
The document provides an overview of the respiratory system and control of respiration. It describes the key organs involved, including the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs and alveoli. It explains the mechanics of breathing through inspiration and expiration. Gas exchange occurs as oxygen passes from the alveoli into the blood and carbon dioxide passes from the blood into the alveoli to be exhaled. The lungs, diaphragm, ribs and autonomic nervous system work together to regulate breathing and ventilation.
Anatomy is the study of the structure of the human body. It can be studied in different ways including regionally, systemically, through gross anatomy, microscopic anatomy, developmental anatomy, surface anatomy, clinical anatomy, applied anatomy, and comparative anatomy. Gross anatomy involves studying structures visible to the naked eye through dissection, while microscopic anatomy uses microscopes to study tissues, cells, and structures. Different regions and systems of the body can also be focused on.
The document discusses the history of human anatomy from ancient times to the Renaissance. It describes how early Greek thinkers like Alcmaeon, Empedocles, and Hippocrates began the intellectual development of anatomy by studying animal anatomy and making inferences about the human body. Aristotle made important contributions through his work in comparative anatomy and embryology. However, the greatest advances were made by Herophilus and Galen during the 3rd century BC in Alexandria, where they were the first to conduct formal human dissections and describe anatomical structures. The Renaissance brought a revival of anatomical study building on the work of these early pioneers.
This document summarizes the contributions of four historical figures to anatomical science: Andreas Vesalius, who published one of the first authoritative books on human anatomy; Leonardo da Vinci, who produced drawings of human dissections; Henry Gray, author of Gray's Anatomy, a classic textbook; and Bartolomeo Eustachi, who made important discoveries about the inner ear. The document includes a bibliography of sources for images of their work.
Anatomy is the study of the structure of the human body. It can be studied in different ways including regionally, systemically, through gross anatomy, microscopic anatomy, developmental anatomy, surface anatomy, clinical anatomy, applied anatomy, and comparative anatomy. Gross anatomy involves studying structures visible to the naked eye through dissection, while microscopic anatomy uses microscopes to study tissues, cells, and structures. Different regions and systems of the body can also be focused on.
The document provides an overview of anatomy and physiology, covering three key concepts: the complementarity of structure and function, hierarchy of structural organization, and homeostasis. It defines anatomy as the study of body structure and physiology as the study of body function. Understanding anatomy is essential for comprehending physiology. Various topics in both anatomy and physiology are discussed at different structural levels, from the molecular to the organism level.
AN 1.1 introduction anatomical terminology-Dr.GosaiDr.B.B. Gosai
This is first lecture in anatomy regarding anatomical terminology to familiarize students for Anatomical position, various branches of anatomy, Planes, Terms of relations and terms of movements.
Visit my website for more presentations: https://www.drbbgosai.com/
My first lecture on anatomy for B.Sc Nursing I year students. My PPT covers introductory part, the anatomical and directional terms used. Hope you like it.
This document provides an overview of human anatomy, including definitions and key terminology. It discusses the various disciplines of anatomy, such as gross anatomy, microscopic anatomy, and developmental anatomy. It also describes anatomical planes like sagittal, frontal, and transverse. Key anatomical directions are defined, like anterior, posterior, proximal, and distal. The major body cavities and regions are introduced.
The document provides a basic overview of human anatomy, listing the main bones like the skull and sternum, key organs like the brain and heart, and major organ systems such as the circulatory, nervous, digestive, respiratory, and excretory systems. It notes that the human body is made up of bones, organs, and organ systems working together.
This document provides an overview of anatomical terminology, body positions, planes, cavities, and history. It discusses the standard anatomical position of the body and introduces common anatomical terms like anterior/posterior, proximal/distal, and flexion/extension. The major body cavities described are the thoracic cavity containing the lungs and heart, abdominal cavity containing most digestive organs, and pelvic cavity containing urinary and reproductive organs. A brief history of anatomy highlights important early anatomists like Herophilus and Vesalius.
Histology is the study of tissues at a microscopic level. It involves preparing tissue samples using processes like fixation, dehydration, embedding, sectioning, and staining. Different types of microscopes like light, transmission electron, and scanning electron microscopes are used to examine cells and structures at varying levels of magnification, resolution, and contrast. Common staining techniques include hematoxylin and eosin, periodic acid-schiff, and trichrome stains which allow visualization of different cellular components. Histochemistry and immunocytochemistry further aid in localization of macromolecules within tissues.
- Physiology is the scientific study of normal mechanisms and interactions within living systems. The study of human physiology as a medical field dates back to Hippocrates in 420 BC. Key figures who advanced the field include Aristotle, Galen, Fernel, Bernard, and Cannon.
- In the 19th century, knowledge in physiology began accumulating rapidly with cell theory and Bernard's concept of homeostasis. Major 20th century developments included comparative physiology and ecophysiology. Indian scientists like Paintal, Khorana, and Anand made important discoveries in neuroscience, genetics, and neurophysiology.
The document discusses the structure and function of cells, tissues, organs and systems in the human body. It begins by defining cells as the basic functional units that make up tissues like blood, muscle and bone. Tissues combine to form organs like the heart, stomach and brain. Organs work together in organ systems to carry out important body functions. The document then provides detailed descriptions of cell structures such as the cell membrane, cytoplasm, organelles, and the functions they perform. It also discusses how cells, tissues and organ systems are organized in the body.
This document provides an overview of basic human anatomy. It discusses:
1) The definition of human anatomy as the study of the normal structure and morphology of the body.
2) Key anatomical terms used to describe the orientation and location of structures in the body, including anterior/posterior, superior/inferior, medial/lateral.
3) The three major anatomical planes (sagittal, coronal, transverse) used to divide the human body.
This document provides an introduction to the field of physiology. Physiology is the study of how the body functions at various levels of organization and the goal is to explain the physical and chemical factors responsible for life. The human body functions through homeostasis, which is the dynamic self-regulation of internal conditions. Homeostasis is maintained through various feedback systems including the nervous, endocrine, and immune systems. Regulation occurs through chemical, nervous, and autoregulation. Both negative and positive feedback loops help control important variables like blood pressure and temperature. The field of physiology seeks to understand normal human body function and how systems fail in disease in order to alleviate health conditions.
Cartilage and bone are types of connective tissue that provide structure and support. There are three main types of cartilage - hyaline, elastic, and fibrocartilage - which are located in various parts of the body like joints, ears, and larynx. Cartilage is made of chondrocytes in an extracellular matrix. Bone develops from cartilage through endochondral ossification and forms directly from mesenchymal tissue through intramembranous ossification. Bones have compact bone, spongy bone, and are remodeled through the actions of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Common bone disorders occur due to defects in collagen, calcification, or excessive bone turnover.
Early Greek physicians like Hippocrates believed illness had physical causes and rejected superstitions, basing treatments on observations. Later, Galen and Da Vinci advanced anatomy through dissections of animals and humans, though Galen mistakenly assumed human and animal anatomy were identical. Andreas Vesalius was the first to accurately document human anatomy through dissecting criminals with papal permission. As medical schools opened, anatomists relied on executed criminals for cadavers due to beliefs that dissection prevented resurrection. William Harvey advanced circulation studies by dissecting family members. Some later anatomists resorted to grave robbing due to corpse shortages.
This document provides an overview of human anatomy. It begins with defining anatomy and tracing the history of its study from ancient Egypt and Greece to modern times. It then outlines the main divisions of anatomy including gross/topographical, microscopic, and developmental anatomy. The key anatomical terms, positions, planes, and body cavities are defined. In particular, it discusses the serous membranes that line body cavities like the pleura and peritoneum, protecting organs and reducing friction. Overall, the document concisely covers the essential concepts in human anatomy.
The document provides an overview of the anatomy and functions of the digestive system. It describes the digestive system as consisting of the alimentary canal and accessory organs. The alimentary canal includes the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. Accessory organs that aid digestion include the tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder and pancreas. The document outlines the locations and roles of each organ in ingestion, digestion, absorption and elimination of food.
Anatomy is the study of the structure of the body and has its origins in ancient Egypt and Greece. Key figures like Hippocrates and Galen performed early anatomical studies and dissections, though progress was limited during the Middle Ages. Significant advances were made from the 16th century onward as more dissections were allowed and drawings were made. Gray's Anatomy was a seminal text published in 1858. Modern anatomy utilizes new technologies like imaging to further understand organs and organ systems at a cellular and molecular level.
The document provides an overview of the respiratory system and control of respiration. It describes the key organs involved, including the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs and alveoli. It explains the mechanics of breathing through inspiration and expiration. Gas exchange occurs as oxygen passes from the alveoli into the blood and carbon dioxide passes from the blood into the alveoli to be exhaled. The lungs, diaphragm, ribs and autonomic nervous system work together to regulate breathing and ventilation.
Anatomy is the study of the structure of the human body. It can be studied in different ways including regionally, systemically, through gross anatomy, microscopic anatomy, developmental anatomy, surface anatomy, clinical anatomy, applied anatomy, and comparative anatomy. Gross anatomy involves studying structures visible to the naked eye through dissection, while microscopic anatomy uses microscopes to study tissues, cells, and structures. Different regions and systems of the body can also be focused on.
The document discusses the history of human anatomy from ancient times to the Renaissance. It describes how early Greek thinkers like Alcmaeon, Empedocles, and Hippocrates began the intellectual development of anatomy by studying animal anatomy and making inferences about the human body. Aristotle made important contributions through his work in comparative anatomy and embryology. However, the greatest advances were made by Herophilus and Galen during the 3rd century BC in Alexandria, where they were the first to conduct formal human dissections and describe anatomical structures. The Renaissance brought a revival of anatomical study building on the work of these early pioneers.
This document summarizes the contributions of four historical figures to anatomical science: Andreas Vesalius, who published one of the first authoritative books on human anatomy; Leonardo da Vinci, who produced drawings of human dissections; Henry Gray, author of Gray's Anatomy, a classic textbook; and Bartolomeo Eustachi, who made important discoveries about the inner ear. The document includes a bibliography of sources for images of their work.
This document provides a summary of key topics in anatomy and physiology that are relevant for the Philippine Nursing Licensure Examination, including the cell, integumentary system, musculoskeletal system, nervous system, endocrine system, cardiovascular and hematologic systems, gastrointestinal system, urinary system, and reproductive system. The cell, its structures and functions, and the process of cellular division are described. An overview is given of the skin and its layers, functions of temperature regulation and protection.
The document outlines the key elements of a story structure according to various storytelling experts. It discusses the typical stages of a story including the exposition, complication, crisis, climax, and resolution. It also covers popular story themes and plots. The document provides tips for crafting stories, including making them simple, memorable, engaging, authentic, and motivating. It emphasizes starting with "Once upon a time" and ending with "Until, finally".
1. The document discusses various theories and definitions of intelligence proposed by researchers like Binet, Terman, Spearman, Gardner and theories like the two-factor theory.
2. It also summarizes intelligence tests developed in India like the Binet Kamath Scale, Malin's Intelligence Scale for Children, and tests assessing different abilities like Raven's Progressive Matrices and Vineland Social Maturity Scale.
3. The document concludes that IQ tests should be used as screening measures by trained psychologists and further evaluation may be needed to understand causes of low scores like specific learning disabilities.
The document provides historical information about India, including:
- India invented concepts like the number zero and place-value decimal system.
- Several important scientific and mathematical concepts, like gravity, calculus, and trigonometry, were developed in India centuries before being attributed to European scholars.
- Ancient India had advanced civilizations with universities, sciences, and arts that were influential globally.
- Over time, India came under rule of foreign invaders like the British, which impacted its economy and wealth.
The document provides an overview of human anatomy and physiology. It begins with objectives for students to gain knowledge of body parts and systems. It then defines anatomy and physiology. The rest of the document describes the major functions of 7 body systems - integumentary, respiratory, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, female and male genitourinary, musculoskeletal, and nervous systems. Each system section lists the main structures and their functions.
Este trabajo ha sido realizado por un alumno del IES FRancés de Aranda de Teruel dentro del proyecto LEONARDO DA... JUEGO, desarrollado junto con el IES Salvador VIctoria de Monral del Campo en el curso 2012/2013
This document outlines a course on stereoscopic and automultiscopic displays. It covers the history and physiology of vision, glasses-bound stereoscopic displays, unencumbered automultiscopic displays, source material rendering and capture, emerging technologies, and concludes with a question and answer session. Recent work is highlighted on various autostereoscopic displays using parallax barriers or light fields.
The document discusses lumbosacral plexus surgery. It describes the lumbosacral plexus anatomy and its innervation. It notes that lumbosacral plexus injuries are rare and difficult to diagnose due to their location and variable patient presentations. Surgical treatment of these injuries is also challenging due to the complex anatomy. The document outlines various surgical techniques for treating lumbosacral plexus injuries or tumors, including neurolysis, nerve grafting, and tumor resection. Post-operative results are provided for several cases with most patients experiencing good functional recovery.
The document provides an overview of anatomical terminology used to describe body structures and their relationships. It defines terms related to position such as superficial, deep, medial, lateral, anterior, and posterior. It also defines terms used to describe movement including flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction, rotation, pronation, and supination. Examples are given for each term. The purpose is to help students learn and apply anatomical terminology in their study of human anatomy.
Dokumen tersebut merangkum sejarah perkembangan ilmu anatomi dari zaman kuno hingga modern. Dimulai dari pengetahuan anatomi dasar pada peradaban Mesir kuno, perkembangan lebih lanjut oleh ilmuwan Yunani kuno seperti Hippokrates dan Aristoteles, hingga penggunaan mayat untuk studi anatomi pada abad ke-4 SM. Pada abad pertengahan dan awal anatomi modern, terjadi perkembangan lebih lanjut di Bologna dan
The lumbar plexus forms in the psoas major muscle from the anterior rami of nerves L1 to L3 and receives contribution from T12. It gives rise to several nerves that innervate muscles and skin of the lower abdomen, pelvis and thigh. The sacral plexus forms from the anterior rami of S1 to S4 and receives contribution from L4-L5. It gives rise to nerves including the sciatic nerve and gluteal nerves that supply the lower limb and pelvis, and the pudendal nerve which supplies the perineum.
The document summarizes two body control systems - the nervous system and the endocrine system. The nervous system consists of tissues that conduct electrical signals and transmits impulses at high speeds to induce short-term changes. It has a central and peripheral part and is made up of neurons that transmit signals through electrical and chemical processes. The endocrine system consists of glands that produce hormones to induce long-term changes. Hormones are chemical messengers that travel through the bloodstream.
The nervous system and endocrine system are the two major body control systems. The nervous system consists of tissues that conduct nerve impulses quickly, bringing about fast, short-term changes. It has a central nervous system of the brain and spinal cord, and a peripheral nervous system of all other nerves. The endocrine system consists of glands that produce chemical messages called hormones, which travel through the bloodstream more slowly and bring about long-term changes. The nervous system contains neurons that receive, transmit, and process sensory information and control motor responses through electrical and chemical signaling between neurons.
The document describes the anatomy and function of the diaphragm. It is divided into three parts: the sternal, costal, and lumbar parts. The sternal part arises from the xiphoid process, the costal part from the lower six ribs, and the lumbar part from the lumbar vertebrae. The diaphragm is innervated by the phrenic nerves and contracts during inspiration to flatten its shape and increase the vertical diameter of the thorax. Relaxation of the diaphragm allows expiration to occur as the thorax decreases in size. The diaphragm plays an important role in respiration and separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities.
This document provides an overview of the diaphragm, including its origin, insertion, nerve supply, blood supply, actions, positions, relations, openings, and development. The diaphragm is a sheet of muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities and is key to respiration. It has three parts of origin and inserts at the central tendon. The phrenic nerve provides motor innervation and thoracic nerves provide some sensory innervation. The document also discusses applied anatomy concepts regarding the diaphragm.
Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is a congenital heart defect characterized by four anatomical abnormalities - ventricular septal defect, pulmonary stenosis, right ventricular hypertrophy, and overriding aorta. It was first described in detail in 1888. The physiology involves deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle being shunted away from the lungs due to pulmonary stenosis. Severity of cyanosis and murmurs depends on degree of pulmonary stenosis. Management involves treating spells and definitive surgical repair is usually done in early childhood.
Impact of technology during the renaissancekbartram11
The document discusses the impact of technology during the Renaissance period. Key technologies discussed include clocks, gunpowder, eyeglasses, the printing press, flush toilets, microscopes, and telescopes. The telescope helped scientists like Copernicus and Galileo discover that the solar system was heliocentric, not geocentric. Art also flourished with artists like da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael, and Donatello creating famous works. Politically, monarchs embraced humanism and consolidated territories as diplomacy replaced force. Socially, populations moved to cities which grew rapidly in size due to new technologies, while flush toilets improved living conditions. Economically, trade increased both locally and
The document discusses the Columbian Exchange, which was the widespread transfer of animals, plants, and microbes between the Old and New Worlds following contact between Europeans and indigenous peoples in the Americas. Some key impacts included the introduction of new world crops like potatoes and tomatoes to Europe, and old world crops and livestock to the Americas. However, European diseases had a devastating impact on indigenous populations, with estimates of 90% population declines in North America due to smallpox and other diseases against which Native Americans had no immunity. The exchange transformed global agriculture and economies.
Anatomy and physiology are two branches of science that provide the foundation for understanding the body's parts and functions. Anatomy is the study of structure, including relationships between structures, while physiology is the study of how body parts function. The earliest examinations date back to ancient Egypt and Greece, where dissection of human and animal cadavers helped increase knowledge of organs and their relations. Major figures like Aristotle, Herophilus, Erasistratus, and Galen further advanced the fields through dissection and vivisection over centuries. Anatomy and physiology remain closely intertwined, with anatomical structures influencing and enabling physiological processes.
Introduction to human anatomy for ms studentDiribaErko
This document provides an overview of the history of anatomy from ancient times to modern day. It discusses early Greek physicians like Hippocrates and Aristotle and their contributions. During the Renaissance period, scientists like Leonardo da Vinci and Andreas Vesalius made significant advances through human dissection. Major developments continued into the 19th century with discoveries like the cell, genetics, and X-rays. The document also defines key anatomical terminology and describes the regional, clinical, and systemic approaches to studying human anatomy.
Recent Human Anatomy: Regional and Clinical in three volumes is based on the Anatomy syllabus for MBBS-I course in India, as per the recommendation of the Medical Council of India (MCI) and All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS). It covers the entire range of prescribed topics in General Anatomy, Gross Anatomy, Embryology, Histology, Neuroanatomy, and Clinical Anatomy.
Features
• About 500 MCQs in each volume (with answers) to help prepare for objective tests, including NEET
• Over 500 clear, full-colour illustrations
• Comprehensive treatment of Clinical Anatomy, including clinical importance of Anatomy, clinical methods to examine a patient, and surgical procedures, to prepare students for further clinical studies
• Complete yet concise descriptions in Gross Anatomy with the use of tables
• Presentation of Histology of organs and their Histophysiology with illustrated diagrams
• Histology of tubular organs described from the inner to the outer side, for better comprehension
• An efficient approach to the study of Neuroanatomy, top downwards
The document summarizes the evolution of anatomy from ancient civilizations to modern times. It discusses early examinations and descriptions of the human body in ancient Egypt and Greece. It covers important early anatomists like Herophilus, Erasistratus, and Galen in ancient Greece. It then discusses the study of anatomy during the medieval Islamic world and Renaissance period in Europe, highlighting figures like Ibn al-Nafis, Mondino de Luzzi, and Andreas Vesalius. The document traces how anatomical knowledge progressed through human dissections and understanding of bodily structures over thousands of years.
Anatomy is the study of the structures of living organisms. The field began with early Greeks who first performed dissections to understand the human body. Over time, anatomists used improved tools like microscopes and staining techniques to study smaller structures from the cellular level onward. A key figure was Andreas Vesalius in the 16th century, whose work overturned Galen's anatomical theories and established anatomy on a basis of direct observation. Modern anatomy relies on tools like electron microscopes and molecular techniques to examine subcellular and molecular structures. Comparative anatomy also compares structures across species to understand evolutionary changes.
This document provides a historical overview of the development of surgical anatomy from ancient Greece to modern times. It discusses early anatomical depictions and dissections in Greece, Italy, and England and how they progressed from drawings and woodcuts to modern 3D digital models and animations. Religious restrictions initially limited dissections, but over time anatomy advanced, especially in Italy and England, as depictions became more detailed and realistic through various artistic mediums. The modern field incorporates areas like histology, radiology, and digital reconstruction.
The document provides an overview of various subjects and topics in basic medical science. It includes sections on anatomy, embryology, biochemistry, histology, epidemiology, biostatistics, molecular biology, genetics, cell biology, endocrinology, general pathology, immunology, microbiology, physiology, pathophysiology, pathology, pathogenesis, neuroscience, pharmacology, toxicology, medicine, medical history and other related topics. Each section provides definitions and background information on the topic.
The document summarizes the Scientific Revolution, which established modern science. It discusses key figures like Copernicus, Galileo, Kepler, and Newton, and how they challenged Aristotle's geocentric model and developed the heliocentric model and laws of motion and gravity. The Scientific Revolution established empiricism and the scientific method. It led to advances in fields like astronomy, physics, chemistry, anatomy, and more. The Royal Societies also supported the exchange of new scientific ideas. Overall, the Scientific Revolution transformed how people viewed the world and pursued knowledge.
Around the world, many ancient civilizations used nature as a source of medicine and studied anatomy through rituals and the dissection of corpses. Many Asian cultures also developed treatments by dissecting corpses from wars to study human structure. In ancient Greece and Rome, doctors documented human dissections and identified key anatomical structures, though many early theories contained mistakes. Claudius Galen's works dominated medicine for centuries, though he made some errors. During the Renaissance, advances like the printing press and human dissections helped artists and scientists further anatomical knowledge. Andreas Vesalius' work De Humani Corporis Fabrica was highly influential through its detailed depictions of human anatomy.
The document provides a history of the Physiology Department at Cairo University's Faculty of Veterinary Medicine. It traces the department back to its establishment in the early 20th century when the first veterinary school was opened in Egypt. It details the early leadership of the department and contributions of pioneering professors. It also outlines the department's growth over the decades as it took on more staff, expanded its research activities, and became more specialized in different areas of physiology. The history shows how the department has played a key role in developing the field of veterinary physiology in Egypt.
Pathophysiology is the study of abnormal functions or breakdown of homeostasis in diseases. It examines the mechanisms by which lesions are produced and their functional implications. Key events in the history of pathophysiology include Hippocrates introducing ethical medicine, Galen proposing the humoral theory, and advances in microscopy and staining techniques in the 19th century enabling the study of cells and microorganisms. Major developments in the 20th century included identifying DNA as the genetic material, cloning animals, and completing the Human Genome Project to sequence the entire human genome.
This document discusses contributions to nephrology from ancient Greece and Rome over 12 centuries, from Hippocrates to Aetius Amidanus. It describes how the Greeks established medicine as a science through logical examination and questioning, though they had some inaccurate theories like the four humors. Many ancient Greek and Roman physicians made important contributions regarding kidney anatomy and diseases, treatments like lithotomy, and herbal medicines. Galen in particular proved through experiments that urine originates in the kidneys.
Introductory lecture. osteology (general data). the human skeleton, its devel...Tetyana Knyazevych
The document provides an overview of human anatomy and the skeletal system. It discusses the history of anatomy from ancient times through the modern era. Key figures like Hippocrates, Herophilus, Galen, Vesalius, Harvey, and Gray are mentioned. The skeletal system is divided into the axial and appendicular skeleton. The axial skeleton includes the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage. The appendicular skeleton includes the shoulder and pelvic girdles and the bones of the upper and lower limbs. Functions of bones include protection of organs, providing shape to the body, and facilitating movement.
Introduction to anatomy and medical terminologyMathew Joseph
This document provides an introduction to anatomy and medical terminology. It discusses the definition of anatomy, the need for doctors to study anatomy, and the various subdivisions of anatomy including cadaveric anatomy, living anatomy, developmental anatomy, and others. The history of anatomy is also summarized beginning in ancient civilizations through modern pioneers such as Vesalius, Harvey, Darwin and Watson and Crick. Common anatomical terminology is defined including anatomical position, planes, and directional terms.
The document provides a brief history of neuropsychiatry, covering developments from ancient Egyptian medical papyri through modern times. It mentions key figures like Herophilus, Galen, Thomas Willis, Philippe Pinel, Jean-Étienne Dominique Esquirol, Jean-Martin Charcot, Daniel Pick, Arnold Pick, Bénédict Augustin Morel, and Pierre Paul Broca and their contributions to understanding the brain and nervous system, and treating mental disorders. The document also discusses the founding of various neuropsychiatric associations around the world beginning in the 20th century.
Greece the territory of beginning of practice of healingHuzaifa Zahoor
Greek civilization emerged around 700 B.C.E. and continued until around 600 C.E. Greek doctors used rational thinking when dealing with medicine. This approach continues to influence medicine today.
The document discusses the cell theory and the history of cell discovery. It outlines three key points:
1. The cell theory states that cells are the basic unit of life, all living things are made up of cells, and cells only come from preexisting cells.
2. Early microscope observations in the 1600s by Hooke and improved microscopes in the 1800s led to the discovery of cell structures like the nucleus and cytoplasm.
3. In the 1830s, Schleiden and Schwann combined evidence to propose the first comprehensive cell theory, establishing cells as the fundamental unit of life.
Human anatomy is the study of the structures of the human body. It is conventionally divided into topographical or gross anatomy, histology, embryology, neuroanatomy, and other fields. Anatomy forms the foundation of medicine. There are several ways to study anatomy, including through cadaver dissection, examination of living subjects, embryology, histology, surface anatomy, radiology, and other methods. Anatomical structures are described based on their location in the body and relationship to other structures using anatomical terminology.
This presentation is useful for all the paramedic students, especially for nursing students for clear idea about Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology for Nurses,
Presentation contains all the below subtopics:
Father of Anatomy
Meaning of Anatomy
Meaning of Physiology
Subdivision of Anatomy
Subdivision of Physiology
Branches of Anatomy
Gross Anatomy
Microscopic Anatomy
Neuro anatomy
Developmental Anatomy
Division of anatomy and physiology into major body system
Twelve major body systems of Anatomy and Physiology
Andreas Schleicher presents PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Thinking - 18 Jun...EduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher, Director of Education and Skills at the OECD presents at the launch of PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Minds, Creative Schools on 18 June 2024.
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إضغ بين إيديكم من أقوى الملازم التي صممتها
ملزمة تشريح الجهاز الهيكلي (نظري 3)
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تتميز هذهِ الملزمة بعِدة مُميزات :
1- مُترجمة ترجمة تُناسب جميع المستويات
2- تحتوي على 78 رسم توضيحي لكل كلمة موجودة بالملزمة (لكل كلمة !!!!)
#فهم_ماكو_درخ
3- دقة الكتابة والصور عالية جداً جداً جداً
4- هُنالك بعض المعلومات تم توضيحها بشكل تفصيلي جداً (تُعتبر لدى الطالب أو الطالبة بإنها معلومات مُبهمة ومع ذلك تم توضيح هذهِ المعلومات المُبهمة بشكل تفصيلي جداً
5- الملزمة تشرح نفسها ب نفسها بس تكلك تعال اقراني
6- تحتوي الملزمة في اول سلايد على خارطة تتضمن جميع تفرُعات معلومات الجهاز الهيكلي المذكورة في هذهِ الملزمة
واخيراً هذهِ الملزمة حلالٌ عليكم وإتمنى منكم إن تدعولي بالخير والصحة والعافية فقط
كل التوفيق زملائي وزميلاتي ، زميلكم محمد الذهبي 💊💊
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How Barcodes Can Be Leveraged Within Odoo 17Celine George
In this presentation, we will explore how barcodes can be leveraged within Odoo 17 to streamline our manufacturing processes. We will cover the configuration steps, how to utilize barcodes in different manufacturing scenarios, and the overall benefits of implementing this technology.
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...PsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.