This document provides a history of Zamboanga City in the Philippines from pre-colonial times to the modern era. It describes how the region was originally settled by indigenous groups like the Subanon people and later saw influxes of other ethnic groups. The Spanish established Zamboanga as a colonial outpost in 1569. In 1899, rebels declared the independent Republic of Zamboanga but it was short-lived and surrendered to American forces in 1899. Zamboanga then served as the capital of the Moro Province under U.S. rule until 1920. It became a chartered city in 1936 and continued developing as a major urban and commercial center of Mindanao through the 20th century.

1. • Philippine Revolution
• From IndiotoFilipino
• Personal Motives
 The revoltswere personallyledbyformerbarangaydatusandmaharlikas,aswell asbabaylans
and katalonas,whohadlosttheirprestige andpowerintheircommunitieswiththe comingof
the Spaniards,andwere supplantedbyleaderschosenbythe Spaniardsandbythe Spanish
friars.
• Personal Motives
 Lakandulaand SolimanRevoltin1574 due to sequestrationof theirlandedpropertiesandeven
tolerationof the encomendero’sabuseandoppression of theirpeople.
 The conspiracyof the maharlikasheadedbyAgustinde Legazpi andMartinPangan.
• Personal Motives
 In 1621-22, an outlawedbabaylan,Tamblotof Bohol employedmagicandreligioninalluringthe
unbelievingpeople toabandonChristianityandtoreturnto theirformerbeliefs. Innotime,he
was crushedbyJuande Alcarazo,alcalde mayorof Cebu.
• Personal Motives
 The rebellioninCarigara(Leyte),ledbyBankaw,Datuof Limasawa
 FranciscoDagohoy’srevoltinBohol.Thiswasthe longestrevoltinPhilippinehistorytaking85
yearsto quell (1744- 1829).
 SilangRevoltinIlocos
 PalarisRevoltinPangasinan
 Magtangaga RevoltinCagayan
• ReligiousMotives
 Two ChristianizedIsnegsof NorthwestCagayan,Miguel LanabandAlalabanof Capinatan
(Apayao),revoltedin1625, by mutilatingandbeheadingthe DominicansFr.AlonzoGarciaand
Bro. Onofre Palao.
 A nativistrevoltwithreligiousovertoneswasledbyTapar inOton,Iloilo,whomproclaimed
himself,“GodAlmighty”.
• ReligiousMotives

2.  The Magtangaga RevoltinCagayaninOctober1718 ledby FranciscoRivera,a vissionarywho
appropriatedforhimselfthe title of “PapaRey”.
 Ermano Apolinariode laCruz’srevoltwhichwasdividedintotwophases:phase 1from1832-
1841 was fromthe foundingof the Confradiade SanJose in1832 to the deathof DelaCruz in
1841, andphase 2 from1870- 71, withthe revival of the Confradiain1870, terminatingwiththe
revoltandcapture of JanuarioLabiosin1871.
• Resistance toSpanish- ImposedInstitutions
 Amongthe major rebellionsbelongingtothisclasswere those inthe late 16th
centuryledby
Magalat of Cagayan,the Sumodoyandthe CARAGA revoltsinthe 17th
century.
• Moro Resistance
• Most unitedgroupswere the Muslims.
• Theywere boundedbyIslam.
• Continuousmilitaryexpeditionsfailedtosubdue them.Theyfoughtbackbyraidingthe coastal
townsunderSpain.
• Since the establishmentof FortPilar,the Spaniardsfailedtosubjucate the Moros.
• JuramentadoorSabil Allah – ritual suicide attacks.
• Activity
• Why all these revoltsfailed?
• The DevelopmentandGrowthof FilipinoNationalism
• Nationalism
• It isthe love of one’scountryandpeople.
• It isa feelingof onenessthatbindsthe people toacommonpast and a commonidentity.
• It includespride inone’sculturalheritage,supportfor the country’saspirations,patriotismand
advocacy of national independence.
• What facilitatedthe developmentof Filipinonationalism?
1. Influx of liberal ideasfromEurope
2. Introductionof moderntechnology
3. The openingof Philippinestoworldtrade

3. 4. The openingof the SuezCanal – travelingtoothercountriesexposedthe Filipinostomodern
ideasof liberty.
5. The rise of newmiddle class- occupiedahighpositioninsocietybecauseof theirwealthand
prestige.Theyalsocriticizedthe unequaltreatmentof the Spaniardstothe Filipinos.
• SecularizationIssue
– Two kindsof priestduringthe SpanishRegime
– Regular- Spanishpriestswhobelongtoanyof the religiousorders.
– Secular- Priestwhoobtainedtheirreligioustraininginthe Philippineswhowereunder
the directcontrol of the bishopsandarchbishops.
– Filipinopriestswerenotonlydeniedaccesstothe parishesbutsome of themwere
removedfromtheirparishestoaccommodate the regulars.Thiseventturnedouttobe
a racial discriminationagainstFilipinosecularpriests.
7. Cavite Mutiny- Soldiersandworkersatthe Cavite Arsenal rebelledagainstthe withdrawal of
theirprivilegesof non-paymentof taxesandexemptionfromforcedlabor.
8. Trial and executionof GOMBURZA
9. DisillusionmentoverSpanishrule- commonsufferingsundertyrannicalrule of the Spaniards
fosteredafeelingof unityamongFilipinos.
10. A shortof historyof zamboanga
11. Zamboanga City,an introductiom
12. ZamboangaCity(Chavacano:Ciudadde Zamboanga) isa highlyurbanizedcitylocatedin
Mindanao,Philippines.
13. It has a populationof 807,129 people asof the 1 May 2010 census.
14. Zamboangaisthe 6th most populousand3rd largestcitybyland areain the Philippines.
15. It isthe commercial andindustrial centerof the ZamboangaPeninsulaRegion.
16. ZamboangaMap
17. Zamboanga City,an introductiom
18. Zamboangausedto be knownas Jambanganinthe Subanenlanguage andwasthe centerof the
Subanenculture duringthe pre-Hispanictimes.Afterindependence fromSpaininMay1899,
Zamboangabecame the Republicof ZamboangawithZamboangueñoChavacanoasitsofficial
language andSpanishasits co-official language.

4. 19. On October12, 1936, Zamboangabecame a charteredcityunder CommonwealthActNo.39. It
was formallyinauguratedonFebruary26,1937, whichwas declaredalocal holiday.Knownfor
Hispanicinfluencesinitsculture,itbearsthe nickname "Asia'sLatinCity."
20. The Name Zamboanga
21. The evolutionof the name "Zamboanga"providesaninterestinginsightintoitshistorical
background.The earlyMalay settlerscalledthe region“Jambangan”,whichmeansLandof the
Flowers.
22. These Malayswhobuilttheirsettlementsbythe riverbankswere the subanons,thatisthe
“People of the River”.Theirchief,Saragan,livedwithhisfamilyatopthe legendaryMount
PulumbatothattodaylordsoverPasonancaand Climaco
23.
24. Mount Pulongbato
25. The Name Zamboanga
26. FreedomPark(formerlyAbong-AbongPark) thenlateron,the Samalsandthe Badjaoswho
came ontheirfrail vintasalsosettledhere,buildingtheirfrail hutsalongthe shorelinesand
confused “Jambangan”with“Samboangan” whichcomesfromthe word“Sabuan”, the wooden
pole usedtohelppushtheirvintasinshallow watersortotie themfor anchorage purposes.
27. The Spanishcolonizersfounddifficultyinpronouncing“Samboangan”andinsteadcalledthe
place “Zamboanga”.
28. Zamboangaduringthe Precolonial Times
29. Zamboangawas foundedinthe late 12th or early13th century,withthe earliest people living
there beingthe Subanen,anindigenoustribeof the islandMindanao.
30. Badjao,Samal,Tausugand the Yakan tribesfromMalayan descentsettledinthe same partof
Mindanaoin the early14th century.Islamgainedpredominance inthe early14thcenturyin the
Philippines.
31. Precolonial Zamboanga
32. The Moro Boats
33. Zamboangaduringthe SpanishPeriod
34. Spanish explorersarrivedin the Philippine archipelagoin1521.In 1569 Zamboanga was
chosenas the site of the Spanish settlementandgarrison on La Caldera (nowcalled Barrio
Recodo).

5. 35. Zamboanga was one of the main strongholds inMindanao, supportingcolonizingefforts in
the south ofthe islandand making way for Christian settlements.
36. It also servedas a military outpost,protecting the island against foreigninvadersand Moro
pirates.
37. The Republicof Zamboanga
38. Republicof Zamboanga
39. On February28, 1899, ina house inSta.Maria, a revolutionarygovernmentwasorganizedand
General Vicente Alvarezwaselectedprovisional presidentandcommander-in-chief.
40. He thenplannedtotake Real Fuerzade NuestraSeñoraLa Virgendel Pilarde Zaragozawhich
was the lastSpanish strongholdinthe Philippines.
41. The republicwasformallyestablishedonMay18, 1899, withthe surrenderof FortPilarto the
RevolutionaryGovernmentof Zamboangaunderthe leadershipof General Alvarez.
42. On May 23, 1899, the Spaniardsfinallyevacuated Zamboanga,afterburningdownmostof the
city'sbuildingsincontemptof the Zamboangueños'revoltagainstthem.
43. Republicof Zamboanga
44. Americanoccupation
1. General Álvarez'stermwascut shortwhenthe commanderof Tetuan,IsidroMidel,
cooperatedwiththe Americansinexchangeforthe presidency.He thenorderedthe
assassinationof MajorMelanioCalixto,actingcommanderof Zamboanga,because
Álvarezwasona tripto Basilanto recruitmore forces.
2. On November16,1899, Midel flew the white flagoverFortPilartosignal the occupying
Americanforcestoenterthe fort whichledtothe overthrow of Álvarez'sgovernment.
45. Republicof Zamboanga
46. Decline andaftermathof the Republic
1. In March 1901, the Americansallowedthe republictoholdelectionsandelected
Mariano ArquizatosucceedMidel as the new presidentof the ZamboangaRepublic.
2. However,Arquiza'sgovernmentdidnotexerciseeffective authorityoverZamboanga
and finallyinMarch1903, the Republicof Zamboangawasdissolved.
3. After,the American colonial governmentdesignatedZamboangaascapital of the newly
establishedMoroProvince whichservedasthe provincialentityof Mindanaowith
BrigadierGeneral LeonardWoodasits governor.

6. 47. American Period
48. The Americansin1903, Zamboanga,wasplacedunderthe MoroProvince,asemi-military
governmentconsistingof five districts:Zamboanga,Cotabato,Davao,LanaoandSulu.
49. General JohnJ.Pershing,whowasmilitarycommander/governorof the Moro Province from
1909 to 1914. The entire Moro Province of Mindanaowasadministereddirectlyfromthe city,
effectivelymakingZamboangaMindanao'sonlycapital city.
50. In 1920, Zamboanga ceasedtobe Mindanao's capital citywhenthe departmentwasdividedinto
provincesinwhichthe citybecame underthe large province of Zamboanga.
51. It encompassesthe present-dayZamboangaPeninsulawiththe inclusionof the wholeprovince
of Basilan.
52. Soonafterthe establishmentof the commonwealth,itestablisheditself the centerof
commerce,trade,andgovernmentof MindanaoIslandasthe capital of the Moro
53. PlazaPershing
54. Olddowntown- AmericanPeriod
55. CharteredCity
56. Whenthe Commonwealthgovernmentwasestablishedin1935, callsto convertZamboanga
intoa city increased.
57. On September23, 1936, the National Assemblyof the PhilippinespassedCommonwealthAct
No.39 makingZamboanga.
58. A charteredcityconsistingof "the presentterritorialjurisdictionof
1. the municipalityof Zamboanga,
2. the municipalityof Bolong,the municipaldistrictof Taluksangay,the whole islandof
Basilanandthe adjacentislands,i.e.,the municipalityof Isabela,the municipal districtof
Lamitan,and the municipal districtof Maluso.
59. BasilanSeparates
60. Afterthe war,newproblemsarousedespeciallyforthe citizensof the islandof Basilan.
61. The people there founditdifficulttoappearincourts,paytheirtaxes,seekhelpfromthe mayor
and otherofficials.GoingfromBasilantothe mainlandrequiredthreeormore hoursof travel.
62. To fix the problem,RepresentativeJuanAlanofiledabill inCongresstoseparate Basilanfrom
Zamboanga.So the islandof Basilanwasproclaimedaseparate citythroughRepublicActNo.
288

7. 63. WWII Zamboanga
64. Guessthe place
65. AteneoDe Zamboanga
66. Somewhere nearthe SucabonRiver
67. Somewhere Downtown
68. Sta. Maria
69. Somewhere indowntown
70. A road nearJollibeeandSunflower
71. Somewhere nearFortPilar
72. At the back of the CityHall - Seaport
73. Rizal Streettoday.- PettitBarracks
74. A townscene
75. OldCityhall
76. The Inside of PlazaPershing
77. StreetsnearDowntown
78. The McDO today.Infrontof Cityhall
79. The Modern Times
80. References
81. www.wikimediacommons.com
82. http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t=1510630&page=96