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Agrarian Lands
Philippines
19th Century
The Ascendance of Chinese Mestizos
Intra-Clergy Conflict and
Creole Nationalism
At the beginning of the 19th Century, the
Philippines was impacted by the political
and economic changes in Europe. The
galleon trade was abolished, giving way for
Manila to be open to exporting without
restrictions. Philippines' sugar, abaca, and
coffee were high in demand. This
development occurring in the Philippines'
exports gave way to the ascendance of the
Chinese-mestizos in the archipelago as
they owned haciendas of the in-demand
products.
Their influence on the Philippine
economy threatened the Spaniards.
Which later on, the Chinese-mestizos
have significantly helped the Indios
fight against Spain, the oppressor.
They stood side-by-side with the
indios to revolt. in fact. Chinese-
mestizo writers Peterno and Sanciano
wrote about what it means to be
Filipino and defended the dignity of
the Filipinos.
Agrarian program or land ownership
during Rizal's time was dynamic--a large
amount of lands were owned by Spanis
people, especially Friars; Friars got lands
as a gift in exchange for spiritual favors.
Friar lands developed the hacienda system,
which did not survive due to the fact that
the owners could not stay long in the
country.
Later on, the inquilinato system was born
and it works as a three-tier system with a
landlord, the inquilinos, and the kasamas.
Jose Rizal and his family were among the inquilinos of
the Hacienda de Calamba. Hacienda de Calamba was
originally owned by a Spaniard but donated the land to
Jesuit friars, and when they were expelled from the
Philippines, fell under the hands of the Spanish Colonial
Govermnent. When conflict regarding land ownership
occurred in 1883, the Rizal family suffered.
During the Spanish colonial period, there were two kinds of
clergy. The regular clergy was composed mostly of
Spaniards while the secular clergy were Filipino natives. The
clergy were not united because the secular clergy were being
oppressed by the regular clergy, Furthermore, the regular
clergy was resisting visitations from the Bishops. The
patronage real also had its role in the Intra-clergy conflict.
This conflict sparked revolutions to throw off the Spaniards
who were ruling. Unfortunately, it was a losing battle that led
to the execution of GOMBURZA.
Though lives were lost in the attempts to reclaim the
country, it also sparked nationalism among Filiipinos,
including Jose Rizal.
The Filipino Spirit
By: Jelena Faye M. Napigquit
Philippines
19th Century
Explain your poster in 5-7 sentences:
The Filipino Spirit
By: Jelena Faye M. Napigquit
The infographic above showcases the
Philippines' condition during the time of
Rizal. It shows the role and contribution of
the Ascendance of the Chinese Mestizos in
terms of our positioning in the Global
Market, as well as our fight for dignity as
Filipinos. The infographic also tackles the
Agrarian Relations that will help us
appreciate more the Agrarian refornation.
Lastly, it also covers the Intra-Clergy conflict
that revolves around the oppression that
Filipino priests experienced from Spaniards
that sparked revolution and led to the death
of GOMBURZA. All of the topics that were
discussed in the infographic are all
significant for us to understand and
appreciate the birth of the national
consciousness among Filipinos.
References:
Bassilan, J. (1846, January 14). English: Chinese-Filipino mestizo costume, 1800s. Retrieved
from:
https://www.google.com/url?
sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcommons.wikimedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFile%3AChinese_mestizo
_costume.jpg&psig=AOvVaw1d7MKnKRnzTpmMVq5HisDT&ust=1647943662532000&s
ource=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAsQjRxqFwoTCMjYi-v61vYCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD
Perkins. M., Obrecht, C., & Adams, C. (2012). Canva. https://www.canva.com/

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NAPIGQUIT_SummativeAssignment.pdf

  • 1. Agrarian Lands Philippines 19th Century The Ascendance of Chinese Mestizos Intra-Clergy Conflict and Creole Nationalism At the beginning of the 19th Century, the Philippines was impacted by the political and economic changes in Europe. The galleon trade was abolished, giving way for Manila to be open to exporting without restrictions. Philippines' sugar, abaca, and coffee were high in demand. This development occurring in the Philippines' exports gave way to the ascendance of the Chinese-mestizos in the archipelago as they owned haciendas of the in-demand products. Their influence on the Philippine economy threatened the Spaniards. Which later on, the Chinese-mestizos have significantly helped the Indios fight against Spain, the oppressor. They stood side-by-side with the indios to revolt. in fact. Chinese- mestizo writers Peterno and Sanciano wrote about what it means to be Filipino and defended the dignity of the Filipinos. Agrarian program or land ownership during Rizal's time was dynamic--a large amount of lands were owned by Spanis people, especially Friars; Friars got lands as a gift in exchange for spiritual favors. Friar lands developed the hacienda system, which did not survive due to the fact that the owners could not stay long in the country. Later on, the inquilinato system was born and it works as a three-tier system with a landlord, the inquilinos, and the kasamas. Jose Rizal and his family were among the inquilinos of the Hacienda de Calamba. Hacienda de Calamba was originally owned by a Spaniard but donated the land to Jesuit friars, and when they were expelled from the Philippines, fell under the hands of the Spanish Colonial Govermnent. When conflict regarding land ownership occurred in 1883, the Rizal family suffered. During the Spanish colonial period, there were two kinds of clergy. The regular clergy was composed mostly of Spaniards while the secular clergy were Filipino natives. The clergy were not united because the secular clergy were being oppressed by the regular clergy, Furthermore, the regular clergy was resisting visitations from the Bishops. The patronage real also had its role in the Intra-clergy conflict. This conflict sparked revolutions to throw off the Spaniards who were ruling. Unfortunately, it was a losing battle that led to the execution of GOMBURZA. Though lives were lost in the attempts to reclaim the country, it also sparked nationalism among Filiipinos, including Jose Rizal. The Filipino Spirit By: Jelena Faye M. Napigquit
  • 2. Philippines 19th Century Explain your poster in 5-7 sentences: The Filipino Spirit By: Jelena Faye M. Napigquit The infographic above showcases the Philippines' condition during the time of Rizal. It shows the role and contribution of the Ascendance of the Chinese Mestizos in terms of our positioning in the Global Market, as well as our fight for dignity as Filipinos. The infographic also tackles the Agrarian Relations that will help us appreciate more the Agrarian refornation. Lastly, it also covers the Intra-Clergy conflict that revolves around the oppression that Filipino priests experienced from Spaniards that sparked revolution and led to the death of GOMBURZA. All of the topics that were discussed in the infographic are all significant for us to understand and appreciate the birth of the national consciousness among Filipinos. References: Bassilan, J. (1846, January 14). English: Chinese-Filipino mestizo costume, 1800s. Retrieved from: https://www.google.com/url? sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcommons.wikimedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFile%3AChinese_mestizo _costume.jpg&psig=AOvVaw1d7MKnKRnzTpmMVq5HisDT&ust=1647943662532000&s ource=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAsQjRxqFwoTCMjYi-v61vYCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD Perkins. M., Obrecht, C., & Adams, C. (2012). Canva. https://www.canva.com/