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Epithelial Tissue

• Characteristics:
Simple (= single layer)
   Cuboidal
• Description: Single
  layer of cube-
  shaped cells.
• Location: small
  ducts of
  glands, kidney              Cell is as wide as it is high. One
                              central nucleus
  tubules, surface of
  ovary.
• Function: secretion
  & absorption
Simple
  Cuboidal                              Lumen:
                                        Inside space of
• Cells closely packed                  Tubular structure
  together and touching
  one another
• Has a basal surface      Nucleus
                                                 Apical
                                                 Surface
  and apical surface          Basal
                              Surface
• Avascular
• Sits on a basement
  membrane (difficult to
  see on slide)
Non- Ciliated Simple Columnar
• Description: Single
  layer of non-ciliated
  rectangular cells;
  contain goblet cells
  and sometimes
  microvilli.
• Location: GI
  tract, ducts, gallbladd
  er
• Function: secretion
  and absorption
• Nuclei lie near base of cell
                                 Simple Columnar Cells
• Goblets secrete mucous at
  apical surface to lubricate     Goblet Cell
  lining of                                     Nucleus
  GI, respiratory, reproductiv
  e and urinary systems.
• Microvilli increase surface
  area for absorption.
            Goblet Cell
Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar
                 Epithelium
• Appears stratified
  because nuclei are at
  varying levels.
• Ciliated lines airways
  of upper respiratory
  tract.
• Mucus from Goblets       Goblet Cells

  traps foreign
  particles and are
  swept away by cilia.
Goblet Cells secreting mucus

                                 Cilia




                               Nuclei at varying levels
Epithelial and
                         1
     Connective
• 1 – pseudostratified
  columnar epithelial    2

• 2- simple cuboidal
  epithelial             3


• 3- hyaline cartilage
  connective tissue
Collagen Fiber
                                          (thicker pink ones)
 Loose Areolar                          GROUND SUBSTANCE
Connective Tissue
                                               FIBER
                   MATRIX



           Fibroblast CELLS


                        Elastic Fiber
Teased Dense Regular Connective Tissue
• Forms tendons and
  ligaments and
  aponeuroses.
• Matrix looks white
  and shiny.
• Mostly collagen
  fibers with
  fibroblasts between
  rows.
• Strong attachment!
Teased Dense
  Regular CT
 (magnified)
               Fibroblasts




                             Fibers are
                             mostly
                             Collagen.
Reticular
Connective Tissue                       Reticular Cells

• Network of interlacing
  reticular fibers &           Blue staining
  reticular cells              Reticular fibers

• Found in stroma
  (framework) of
  liver, spleen, lymph
  nodes, red bone
  marrow
• Acts as a filter in spleen
  and lymph nodes.
Reticular Connective Tissue

• Remember that
  connective tissue is
  vascular. (Avascular
  epithelial tissue
  depends on diffusion
  of nutrients and
  waste through blood                       Blood vessel:
                                            Single layer of
  vessels in CT.                            Epithelial cells
                                            forms vessel tube.
Reticular        1
       CT                3
• 1- Reticular   2
  cells

• 2- Blood
  vessel

• 3- Reticular
  fibers
Hyaline
    Cartilage
• Often called gristle
• Bluish white smokey         chondrocytes
  looking ground
  substance
• Numerous chondrocytes
• Location: ends of long                     Ground S

  bones, ribs, nose, trache
  a, larynx, bronchi
• For flexibility and
  support
• Most abundant type of
  cartilage in body
Elastic Cartilage
• Chondrocytes are
  located within
  threadlike network
  of elastic fibers
• Location: Epiglottis
  of larynx, external
  ear, Eustachian
  tubes
• For support and
  shape
Elastic vs Hyaline Cartilage
Lacuna
(hollow space
holding chondrocyte)
                                     chondrocyte




                                                   Smoother
                                                   Appearance
                                                   Of ground
                       Elastic fibers throughout
                                                   substance
                       Ground substance
Adipose
        Tissue
• Adipocytes, “signet
  ring” cells with
  peripheral nuclei.
• For storage of
  triglycerides, to
  reduce heat loss, and
  serve as an energy                      nucleus
  reserve.
• Location: under
  skin, around heart &
  kidneys, yellow         “signet ring”
  marrow, behind           adipocyte

  eyeball
Osseous Tissue (Bone)
• Compact bone consists of
  osteons (haversion
  systems) that contain:
   –   Lamellae
   –   Lacuna
   –   Osteocytes
   –   Canaliculi
   –   Central (haversion)canals
• Spongy bone consists of
  thin plates called
  trabeculae filled with red
  marrow
Lamellae



 Central(Haversion)             Haversion
       Canal                    System



                      Lacunae
Lacunae (where osteocytes reside)




                                Canaliculi: small
                                Tunnels where osteocyte
                                processes run for diffusion
                                of nutrients and wastes
Skeletal Muscle
         Tissue
• Striated
    – Proteins
       • Actin
                             Striations
       • Myosin
•   Multinucleated
•   Voluntary
•   Attach to bones
•   For
    movement, communicatio
    n, posture, heat
    production
Skeletal muscle fiber
with multiple nuclei
Smooth (Visceral) Muscle Tissue
• No striations
• Spindle-shaped
• Single centrally located
  nucleus
• Nucleus is long and cigar
  shaped
• Involuntary
• Viscera
• Walls of hollow structures
   –   Blood vessels
   –   Airways to lungs
   –   Stomach
   –   Intestines
   –   Gallbladder
   –   Urinary bladder
Cigar shaped nuclei
Smooth Muscle
Cardiac Muscle
        Tissue
• Striated, mono-
  nucleated, branching
• Self excitatory
• Intercalated discs       Intercalated disc

  attach fibers together
  and contain gap
  junctions (help with
                            nucleus
  conduction of
  electrical signals)
Name the tissues and structures you see.
Simple Squamous Epithelial
Stratified Squamous Epithelial


                                 These keratinized epithelial cells will
                                 Be sloughed off.

                                               Apical Layer




             Basal Layer

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Histology Lab Slides

  • 2. Simple (= single layer) Cuboidal • Description: Single layer of cube- shaped cells. • Location: small ducts of glands, kidney Cell is as wide as it is high. One central nucleus tubules, surface of ovary. • Function: secretion & absorption
  • 3. Simple Cuboidal Lumen: Inside space of • Cells closely packed Tubular structure together and touching one another • Has a basal surface Nucleus Apical Surface and apical surface Basal Surface • Avascular • Sits on a basement membrane (difficult to see on slide)
  • 4. Non- Ciliated Simple Columnar • Description: Single layer of non-ciliated rectangular cells; contain goblet cells and sometimes microvilli. • Location: GI tract, ducts, gallbladd er • Function: secretion and absorption
  • 5. • Nuclei lie near base of cell Simple Columnar Cells • Goblets secrete mucous at apical surface to lubricate Goblet Cell lining of Nucleus GI, respiratory, reproductiv e and urinary systems. • Microvilli increase surface area for absorption. Goblet Cell
  • 6. Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar Epithelium • Appears stratified because nuclei are at varying levels. • Ciliated lines airways of upper respiratory tract. • Mucus from Goblets Goblet Cells traps foreign particles and are swept away by cilia.
  • 7. Goblet Cells secreting mucus Cilia Nuclei at varying levels
  • 8. Epithelial and 1 Connective • 1 – pseudostratified columnar epithelial 2 • 2- simple cuboidal epithelial 3 • 3- hyaline cartilage connective tissue
  • 9. Collagen Fiber (thicker pink ones) Loose Areolar GROUND SUBSTANCE Connective Tissue FIBER MATRIX Fibroblast CELLS Elastic Fiber
  • 10. Teased Dense Regular Connective Tissue • Forms tendons and ligaments and aponeuroses. • Matrix looks white and shiny. • Mostly collagen fibers with fibroblasts between rows. • Strong attachment!
  • 11. Teased Dense Regular CT (magnified) Fibroblasts Fibers are mostly Collagen.
  • 12. Reticular Connective Tissue Reticular Cells • Network of interlacing reticular fibers & Blue staining reticular cells Reticular fibers • Found in stroma (framework) of liver, spleen, lymph nodes, red bone marrow • Acts as a filter in spleen and lymph nodes.
  • 13. Reticular Connective Tissue • Remember that connective tissue is vascular. (Avascular epithelial tissue depends on diffusion of nutrients and waste through blood Blood vessel: Single layer of vessels in CT. Epithelial cells forms vessel tube.
  • 14. Reticular 1 CT 3 • 1- Reticular 2 cells • 2- Blood vessel • 3- Reticular fibers
  • 15. Hyaline Cartilage • Often called gristle • Bluish white smokey chondrocytes looking ground substance • Numerous chondrocytes • Location: ends of long Ground S bones, ribs, nose, trache a, larynx, bronchi • For flexibility and support • Most abundant type of cartilage in body
  • 16. Elastic Cartilage • Chondrocytes are located within threadlike network of elastic fibers • Location: Epiglottis of larynx, external ear, Eustachian tubes • For support and shape
  • 17. Elastic vs Hyaline Cartilage Lacuna (hollow space holding chondrocyte) chondrocyte Smoother Appearance Of ground Elastic fibers throughout substance Ground substance
  • 18. Adipose Tissue • Adipocytes, “signet ring” cells with peripheral nuclei. • For storage of triglycerides, to reduce heat loss, and serve as an energy nucleus reserve. • Location: under skin, around heart & kidneys, yellow “signet ring” marrow, behind adipocyte eyeball
  • 19. Osseous Tissue (Bone) • Compact bone consists of osteons (haversion systems) that contain: – Lamellae – Lacuna – Osteocytes – Canaliculi – Central (haversion)canals • Spongy bone consists of thin plates called trabeculae filled with red marrow
  • 20. Lamellae Central(Haversion) Haversion Canal System Lacunae
  • 21. Lacunae (where osteocytes reside) Canaliculi: small Tunnels where osteocyte processes run for diffusion of nutrients and wastes
  • 22. Skeletal Muscle Tissue • Striated – Proteins • Actin Striations • Myosin • Multinucleated • Voluntary • Attach to bones • For movement, communicatio n, posture, heat production
  • 23. Skeletal muscle fiber with multiple nuclei
  • 24.
  • 25. Smooth (Visceral) Muscle Tissue • No striations • Spindle-shaped • Single centrally located nucleus • Nucleus is long and cigar shaped • Involuntary • Viscera • Walls of hollow structures – Blood vessels – Airways to lungs – Stomach – Intestines – Gallbladder – Urinary bladder
  • 28. Cardiac Muscle Tissue • Striated, mono- nucleated, branching • Self excitatory • Intercalated discs Intercalated disc attach fibers together and contain gap junctions (help with nucleus conduction of electrical signals)
  • 29. Name the tissues and structures you see.
  • 31. Stratified Squamous Epithelial These keratinized epithelial cells will Be sloughed off. Apical Layer Basal Layer