A complete lecture of the Histology of Muscle Tissues, taught at First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, in the Histology department, for the first year English medium foreign medical students.
What is a Gland?
An organised collection of secretory epithelial cells. Most glands are formed during development by proliferation of epithelial cells so that they project into the underlying connective tissue. Some glands retain their continuity with the surface via a duct and are known as EXOCRINE GLANDS. Other glands lose this direct continuity with the surface when their ducts degenerate during development. These glands are known as ENDOCRINE glands.
A complete lecture of the Histology of Muscle Tissues, taught at First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, in the Histology department, for the first year English medium foreign medical students.
What is a Gland?
An organised collection of secretory epithelial cells. Most glands are formed during development by proliferation of epithelial cells so that they project into the underlying connective tissue. Some glands retain their continuity with the surface via a duct and are known as EXOCRINE GLANDS. Other glands lose this direct continuity with the surface when their ducts degenerate during development. These glands are known as ENDOCRINE glands.
epithelium covers body surfaces, lines body cavities and constitute glands.so it is important to know about epithelium in detail to deal with tissue of different type and origin.
Cartilage is a resilient and smooth elastic connective tissue, a rubber-like padding that covers and protects the ends of long bones at the joints, and is a structural component of the rib cage, the ear, the nose, the bronchial tubes, the intervertebral discs, and many other body components.
Histology
Junqueira’s Basic Histology Text and Atlas, 15th Ed
a brief ppt description about cartilage which may be usefull for teaching for first year mbbs, bds and paramedical students, hope it is helpfull to everyone
epithelium covers body surfaces, lines body cavities and constitute glands.so it is important to know about epithelium in detail to deal with tissue of different type and origin.
Cartilage is a resilient and smooth elastic connective tissue, a rubber-like padding that covers and protects the ends of long bones at the joints, and is a structural component of the rib cage, the ear, the nose, the bronchial tubes, the intervertebral discs, and many other body components.
Histology
Junqueira’s Basic Histology Text and Atlas, 15th Ed
a brief ppt description about cartilage which may be usefull for teaching for first year mbbs, bds and paramedical students, hope it is helpfull to everyone
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
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A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
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Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
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Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
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Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
MASS MEDIA STUDIES-835-CLASS XI Resource Material.pdf
Epithelium histology
1. Histology of epithelium
• By the end of this lecture student will be
able to use terminology specified for the
epithelium .
• Students will be Able to recognize the type
of epithelium seen under a slide.
• Students can tell the sites of a body where a
specific type of epithelium is preset
2. • Anatomy science of str. of body
• Macroscopic anatomy…visible to naked
eye
• Microscopic anatomy ..seen with aid of
microscope.
• Microscopic is subdivided into
1.organology(organ),2. histology(tissue),3.
Cytology(cell)
• Histo………tissue
• Logy…….study
3. EPITHELIUM
A layered collection of adherent cells
with very little intercellular
subtance,usually covering external
organs or lining the internal surface
4. Terms that help us understand what kinds of tissues we are identifying:
Terms referring to the layers
Simple = one layer
Stratified = more than one layer
Pseudostratified = false layered (appears to be more than one
layer, but only one); ciliated = with cilia
Terms referring to the cell shapes
Squamous = flat
Cuboidal = cube
Columnar = rectangular (column)
Transitional = ability to change shape
7. The following types of epithelial tissues are covered in this lecture:
. Simple squamous epithelial tissue (lungs)
. Simple cuboidal epithelial tissue (kidneys)
. Simple columnar epithelial tissue (small intestine)
. Pseudostratified (ciliated) columnar epithelial tissue (trachea lining)
. Stratified squamous epithelial tissue (mouth lining)
. Stratified cuboidal epithelial tissue (salivary glands, sweat glands)
. Stratified columnar epithelial tissue (male reproductive tract)
Transitional epithelial tissue (bladder)
a. The tissue may show a full bladder
b. The tissue may show an empty bladder
8. Simple squamous epithelium
Description: Single layer of flattened
cells with disc-shaped central nuclei
and sparse cytoplasm; the simplest
of the epithelia.
Function: Allows passage of
materials by diffusion and filtration
in sites where protection is not
important; secretes lubricating
substances in serosae.
Location: Kidney glomeruli; air sacs
of lungs; lining of heart, blood
vessels, and lymphatic vessels; lining
of ventral body cavity (serosae).
Photomicrograph: Simple squamous epithelium
forming part of the alveolar (air sac) walls (125x).
Air sacs of
lung tissue
Nuclei of
squamous
epithelial
cells
9. Simple cuboidal epithelium
Description: Single layer of
cubelike cells with large,
spherical central nuclei.
Function: Secretion and
absorption.
Location: Kidney tubules;
ducts and secretory portions
of small glands; ovary surface.
Photomicrograph: Simple cuboidal
epithelium in kidney tubules (430x).
Basement
membrane
Connective
tissue
Simple
cuboidal
epithelial
cells
10. .
Simple columnar epithelium
Description: Single layer of tall cells
with round to oval nuclei; some cells
bear cilia; layer may contain mucus-
secreting unicellular glands (goblet cells).
Function: Absorption; secretion of
mucus, enzymes, and other substances;
ciliated type propels mucus (or
reproductive cells) by ciliary action.
Location: Nonciliated type lines most of
the digestive tract (stomach to anal canal),
gallbladder, and excretory ducts of some
glands; ciliated variety lines small
bronchi, uterine tubes, and some regions
of the uterus.
Photomicrograph: Simple columnar epithelium
of the stomach mucosa (860X).
Simple
columnar
epithelial
cell
Basement
membrane
11. Figure 4.3d Epithelial tissues.
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Description: Single layer of cells of
differing heights, some not reaching
the free surface; nuclei seen at
different levels; may contain mucus-
secreting cells and bear cilia.
Function: Secretion, particularly of
mucus; propulsion of mucus by
ciliary action.
Location: Nonciliated type in male’s
sperm-carrying ducts and ducts of
large glands; ciliated variety lines
the trachea, most of the upper
respiratory tract.
Photomicrograph: Pseudostratified ciliated
columnar epithelium lining the human trachea (570x).
Trachea
Cilia
Pseudo-
stratified
epithelial
layer
Basement
membrane
Mucus of
mucous cell
12. .
Stratified squamous epithelium
Description: Thick membrane
composed of several cell layers;
basal cells are cuboidal or columnar
and metabolically active; surface
cells are flattened (squamous); in the
keratinized type, the surface cells are
full of keratin and dead; basal cells
are active in mitosis and produce the
cells of the more superficial layers.
Function: Protects underlying
tissues in areas subjected to abrasion.
Location: Nonkeratinized type forms
the moist linings of the esophagus,
mouth, and vagina; keratinized variety
forms the epidermis of the skin, a dry
membrane.
Photomicrograph: Stratified squamous epithelium
lining the esophagus (285x).
Stratified
squamous
epithelium
Nuclei
Basement
membrane
Connective
tissue
13. Transitional epithelium
Description: Resembles both
stratified squamous and stratified
cuboidal; basal cells cuboidal or
columnar; surface cells dome
shaped or squamouslike, depending
on degree of organ stretch.
Function: Stretches readily and
permits distension of urinary organ
by contained urine.
Location: Lines the ureters, urinary
bladder, and part of the urethra.
Photomicrograph: Transitional epithelium lining the urinary
bladder, relaxed state (360X); note the bulbous, or rounded,
appearance of the cells at the surface; these cells flatten and
become elongated when the bladder is filled with urine.
Basement
membrane
Connective
tissue
Transitional
epithelium
14. Given the previous examples
(consider the morphology only)
Can you name?
First, the tissue type
Second, where in the body the tissue is found
15. What kind of tissue does this represent?
Where in the body would you find this tissue?
Simple squamous epithelial tissue
lungs
16. What kind of tissue does this represent?
Simple squamous epithelial tissue (superior view)
17. What kind of tissue does this represent?
Where in the body would you find this tissue?
Simple cuboidal epithelial tissue
Kidneys (tubules)
The lining of the kidney glomerulus (sing.)/glomeruli (pl.) is simple squamous epithelial tissue
18. What kind of tissue does this represent?
Where in the body would you find this tissue?
Simple columnar epithelial tissue
small intestine
19. What kind of tissue does this represent?
Where in the body would you find this tissue?
Pseudostratified (ciliated) columnar epithelial tissue
“false layered”; it looks like more than one layer, but it is not
trachea lining
20. What kind of tissue does this represent?
Where in the body would you find this tissue?
Stratified squamous epithelial tissue
mouth lining
21. What kind of tissue does this represent?
Where in the body would you find this tissue?
Stratified cuboidal epithelial tissue
salivary glands, sweat glands
22. What kind of tissue does this represent?
Where in the body would you find this tissue?
Stratified columnar epithelial tissue
male reproductive tract
23. What kind of tissue does this represent?
Where in the body would you find this tissue?
Transitional epithelial tissue
empty bladder
24. Where in the body would you find this tissue?
What kind of tissue does this represent?
distended (full) bladder
Transitional epithelial tissue