This document categorizes and describes the four basic types of tissues in the human body: epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissue. Epithelial tissue covers and lines body surfaces. Connective tissue connects and supports other tissues. Muscle tissue contains specialized contractile cells. Nervous tissue transmits electrical signals throughout the body.

2. Categories of Tissues
oEpithelium
oConnective
oMuscle
oNervous

3. Categories of Tissues
Epithelial tissue
Epithelial tissue covers the
whole surface of the body. It
is made up of cells that are
closely packed and are
composed of one or more
layers. This tissue is
specialized to form the
covering or lining of all
internal and external body
surfaces. Epithelial tissue
that occurs on surfaces on
the interior of the body is Cellular arrangements in epithelial
known as endothelium. tissues. (a) (a) Squamous. (b) Cuboidal. (c)
Columnar. (d) Stratified squamous. (e)
Pseudostratified. (f) Transitional.

4. Categories of Tissues
o Characterized by the cells widely
separated from each other in a
matrix that is produced by the
cells.
o Tissue protects and supports.
o Cell Matrix composed of two
regions
oGround
oLiquid (sol), Gel, Gum or solid
oFibers
oNon-elastic (= white or

5. Categories of Tissues
oLoose (Areolar)
Connective Tissue
oDense Connective Tissue
oAdipose
oCartilage
oBone
oBlood

6. Categories of Tissues
o Gel like ground with both
elastic and non-elastic fibers
running though the ground in
many directions.
o Wraps and cushions organs
o Under the skin

7. Categories of Tissues
• Nuclei and fibers arranged in
parallel rows.
• Tendons and ligaments
• Fibers mostly non-elastic

8. Categories of Tissues
• Function as storage cells for
adipose (lipids)
• Adipose cells contain a large
vacuole which in the live cell
contains lipids.
• Cell nucleus and cytoplasm are
pushed out to edge of cell
membrane.

9. Categories of Tissues
• Ground of matrix is gum like.
• Cells are found in Lacunae within the
matrix.
• Fibers may be elastic or non-elastic, or
a form of non-elastic called
reticular(where the non-elastic fibers
of very thin)
• Hyaline Cartilage-example on the
ends of bones
• Elastic Cartilage- example ear
cartilage

10. Categories of Tissues

11. Categories of Tissues

12. Categories of Tissues
• Ground of matrix is Solid (Calcium
carbonate).
• Has blood supply and nerves running
through the Haversian canal systems.

13. Categories of Tissues
• Liquid matrix = plasma
• 90% water
• 10%Plasma proteins, electrolytes,
hormones, oxygen, glucose etc.
• Formed elements
• Erythrocytes -48billion(female) to
54 billion (male) cell / ml of blood
in humans. Mammals are enucleated
while rest of the vertebrates they
have nuclei
• Leukocytes -about 7.5 million / ml of
blood

14. Categories of Tissues

15. Categories of Tissues
Muscle Tissue
Tissue with cells having fibers
specialized for contraction.
 Skeletal Muscle (Striated, voluntary)
Parallel elongated cells (fibers)
 multinucleated and each cell is the length of
the muscle.
Light meat, Dark meat—Slow twitch, fast twitch
muscle
 Smooth Muscle (Visceral, involuntary)
Cells are long and tapered.
Organized into sheets of muscle.
 Cardiac Muscle
Intercalated disc
Myogenic
branched

16. Categories of Tissues
Muscular tissue
Muscles of the body are made up of elongated muscle cells also
known as muscle fibre. The movement of the body is brought
about by the contraction and relaxation of contractile protein
present in muscle cells. These contractile proteins are actin and
myosin.

17. Categories of Tissues

18. Categories of Tissues

19. Categories of Tissues

20. Categories of Tissues
• Cells specialized to polarize
and depolarize.
• Cell is a neuron

21. Categories of Tissues