Epithelial tissue lines body surfaces and cavities and forms glands. It has several key characteristics: it protects underlying tissues, regenerates quickly, is avascular, and is polarized with selectively permeable cells. Epithelial tissue includes glandular epithelium which forms two types of glands - endocrine glands that release secretions into the bloodstream and exocrine glands that secrete into ducts leading outside or inside the body. Exocrine glands are classified by their secretory mechanisms and structures.

1. THE EPITHELIAL TISSUE
BIO158
Sheena Jean Catubig Tadeje
October, 2015

2. THE EPITHELIAL TISSUE

3. Pseudostratified Columnar
Epithelium
Histophysiology of Epithelial
Tissue
Glandular Epithelium
OVERVIEW

4. PSEUDOSTRATIFIED COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM

5. PSEUDOSTRATIFIED COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM
- is a falsely striated tissue (and therefore a
single layer of cells) composed of columnar
shaped cells that line an organ or cavity
space.
Function: Cilia may be present, along w/
mucus-secreting goblet cells, that line and
sweep debris from respiratory tubes.
Example: Lining of nasal cavity, trachea,
and bronchi: secretion of mucus by goblet
cells. These columnar cells have cilia that
move mucus toward the pharynx.

6. PSEUDOSTRATIFIED CILIATED AND NONCILIATED
Nonciliated cells lack cilia and goblet cells.
Ciliated cells secrete mucus and bear cilia.

7. SPECIAL SURFACE MODIFICATIONS ON EPITHELIAL CELLS
 Cilia are motile structures found on certain cells in the uterine tubes, uterus,
efferent ducts in the testes, and conducting tubes of the respiratory system.
 Microvilli are small, nonmotile projections th at cover the surfaces of all
absorptive cells in the small intestine and the proximal convoluted tubules in
the kidney.
 Stereocilia are long, nonmotile, branched microvilli that line the cell surfaces
in the epididymis and vas deferens.
• The function of microvilli and stereocilia is absorption and Cilia for
movement.

8. PSEUDOSTRATIFIED CILIATED AND NONCILIATED
Nonciliated cells lack cilia and goblet cells.
Ciliated cells secrete mucus and bear cilia.

10. VIDEO

11. HISTOPHYSIOLOGY OF
EPITHELIAL TISSUE

12. “Our body needs an order to function..”
“Organs and systems itself also
needs their PERSONAL SPACE”

13.  PROPER EPITHELIUM
covers and lines your outer and inner body.
 GLANDULAR EPITHELIUM
which forms glands and secretes hormones and other substances.

14. CHARACTERISTICS:
A. The epithelium does all to protect your deeper
layers of tissue from injury or infection.
B. All epithelial tissue is Avascular.
C.Epithelial tissue regenerates really quickly.
D.All of your epithelial cells are Polar.
E. They are selectively permeable.

15. C. EPITHELIAL TISSUE REGENERATES REALLY QUICKLY
• Epithelium have a high
regenerative capacity and
can reproduce rapidly as
long as they receive
adequate nutrition.

16. D. ALL OF YOUR EPITHELIAL CELLS ARE POLAR
• The apical or upper side is
exposed to either the outside of
your body or in lumen.
• The basal side or inner surface is
tightly attached to the basal
membrane, a thin layer of collagen
fibers that helps holds the
epithelium and anchor it to the
next deeper layer which is the
connective tissue.

17. E. THEY ARE SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE.
• Allowing for some level of
absorption, filtration and
secretion of substances.

18. GLANDULAR
EPITHELIUM

19. GLANDULAR EPITHELIUM
Forms two kinds of glands:
 Endocrine Glands: are ductless –
the connection with the surface
was obliterated during
development and they release their
secretory product (hormones) into
the bloodstream.
 Exocrine Glands: the type that
secrete their juices into tubes or
ducts that lead to the outside of the
body, or the inside of your tube.

20. ENDOCRINE GLAND: PANCREATIC ISLETS

21. ENDOCRINE AND EXOCRINE PANCREAS

22. MECHANISMS OF EXOCRINE GLANDS SECRETION
1. Merocrine Gland: the
secretory product is released
by exocytosis; (e.g.
pancreas, salivary glands)
2. Holocrine Gland: the apical
part of cytoplasm of the cells
is lost together with the
secretory product; (e.g.
female mammary gland)
3. Apocrine Glands: breakdown
and discharge of the entire
secretory cell and its
product; (e.g. sebaceous
glands of the skin)

23. MECHANISMS OF EXOCRINE GLANDS SECRETION

24. STRUCTURAL CLASSES OF EXOCRINE GLANDS
 Simple Glands
 Compound
Glands

25. EXOCRINE GLAND: SIMPLE TUBULAR BRANCHED & UNBRANCHED
Gastric Glands Intestinal Glands

26. EXOCRINE GLAND: COILED TUBULAR
• Sweat Glands

27. EXOCRINE GLAND: COMPOUND ACINAR & TUBULOACINAR
Mammary Gland Salivary Gland

28. SUMMARY!
• how your epithelial tissue creates the
inner and outer boundaries that keep you
alive.
• how proper epithelial tissue is classified
by both layering (simple or stratified) and
shape (squamous cuboidal columnar)
• epithelial cells are polar (having both
apical and basal sides) and are selectively
permeable.
• a look at how our glandular epithelial
tissue forms both endocrine and exocrine
glands.

29. END. GOD BLESS
“Cells differentiate in the human body during development to perform their
special jobs. These specialized cells are grouped together as tissues. The
structures in the body have cellular arrangements that are closely related to
their functions showing again the hand of the Master Designer. The body is a
demonstration of Love. So it is expected that the lessons on the tissues would
be also the lessons of Love…”