This document discusses herbal fairness creams. It begins by explaining that fairness is often associated with attractiveness in many cultures. It then discusses natural and synthetic ingredients commonly used in fairness creams to lighten skin by inhibiting melanin production, such as licorice, saffron, hydroquinone, and kojic acid. The document provides details on how these creams are formulated and evaluated. It concludes by listing several popular herbal fairness cream brands marketed in India.
Introduction.
Types of Herbal hair products.
Advantages and Disadvantages
Storage condition
Formulation and Evaluation of Different herbal hair products.
Result and Conclusion.
HERBAL COSMETICS ;HERBAL INGREDIENTS IN HAIR CARE,SKIN CARE AND ORAL CARE. REVIEW ON THE GUIDELINE FOR HERBAL COSMETICS BY PRIVATE BODIES LIKE COSMOS WITH RESPECT TO PRESERVATIVES EMOLLIENTS FOAMING AGENTS.CHALLENGES IN FORMULATION OF HERBAL COSMETICS
Herbal cosmetics, Classification, Economic aspects and Industries involved in...NikitaSavita
Herbal cosmetics are the preparations which are prepared by using plant products having cosmetic action.
Its advantages and Classification
Economic aspects of herbal cosmetics
Import and Export of herbal cosmetics
Introduction.
Types of Herbal hair products.
Advantages and Disadvantages
Storage condition
Formulation and Evaluation of Different herbal hair products.
Result and Conclusion.
HERBAL COSMETICS ;HERBAL INGREDIENTS IN HAIR CARE,SKIN CARE AND ORAL CARE. REVIEW ON THE GUIDELINE FOR HERBAL COSMETICS BY PRIVATE BODIES LIKE COSMOS WITH RESPECT TO PRESERVATIVES EMOLLIENTS FOAMING AGENTS.CHALLENGES IN FORMULATION OF HERBAL COSMETICS
Herbal cosmetics, Classification, Economic aspects and Industries involved in...NikitaSavita
Herbal cosmetics are the preparations which are prepared by using plant products having cosmetic action.
Its advantages and Classification
Economic aspects of herbal cosmetics
Import and Export of herbal cosmetics
Regulatory provision related to manufacture of cosmeticManish Rajput
cosmetic, regulatory provision, schedule M, condition of licence, schedule U, prohibition of certain cosmetics, misbranded and spurious cosmetics, loan licence, offences and penalties,
HERBAL INGREDIENTS USED IN HAIR CARE , cosmetics , herbal cosmetics , Herbal ingredients used in the cosmetics , preparation for hair , Hair oil , Shampoos , Hair dye , Hair lotion , Ingredient used in Herbal hair oil , Marketed herbal hair oil , Evaluation of herbal hair oil , Ingredient used in Herbal shampoo , Marketed herbal shampoo , Evaluation of herbal shampoo , Ingredient used in the herbal hair dye , Marketed herbal hair dye , Evaluation of herbal hair dye
Introduction to Skin Creams, Defination Advantages
Disadvantages, Ideal properties, Types, Bases used in skin creams, Method of preparation, Formulation, Evaluation of creams
Presented by
G.ARAVIND KUMAR
Department of Industrial Pharmacy
Cosmetic products which have a quick turnover, and relatively low cost are known as Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG). Indiaʹs FMCG sector is the fourth largest sector in the economy.
In this lecture we will discuss about the preparation of some skin care products :Creams (cold, vanishing and shaving creams), Sun-tan lotions, Face powder, Lipsticks, Talcum powder, Nail enamel,
A presentation about anti-aging creams giving a brief of aging, anti-aging cosmetics, some general and some modern anti-aging agents and their mechanism of action, some detailed info of marketed formulations
Regulatory provision related to manufacture of cosmeticManish Rajput
cosmetic, regulatory provision, schedule M, condition of licence, schedule U, prohibition of certain cosmetics, misbranded and spurious cosmetics, loan licence, offences and penalties,
HERBAL INGREDIENTS USED IN HAIR CARE , cosmetics , herbal cosmetics , Herbal ingredients used in the cosmetics , preparation for hair , Hair oil , Shampoos , Hair dye , Hair lotion , Ingredient used in Herbal hair oil , Marketed herbal hair oil , Evaluation of herbal hair oil , Ingredient used in Herbal shampoo , Marketed herbal shampoo , Evaluation of herbal shampoo , Ingredient used in the herbal hair dye , Marketed herbal hair dye , Evaluation of herbal hair dye
Introduction to Skin Creams, Defination Advantages
Disadvantages, Ideal properties, Types, Bases used in skin creams, Method of preparation, Formulation, Evaluation of creams
Presented by
G.ARAVIND KUMAR
Department of Industrial Pharmacy
Cosmetic products which have a quick turnover, and relatively low cost are known as Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG). Indiaʹs FMCG sector is the fourth largest sector in the economy.
In this lecture we will discuss about the preparation of some skin care products :Creams (cold, vanishing and shaving creams), Sun-tan lotions, Face powder, Lipsticks, Talcum powder, Nail enamel,
A presentation about anti-aging creams giving a brief of aging, anti-aging cosmetics, some general and some modern anti-aging agents and their mechanism of action, some detailed info of marketed formulations
HERBAL DRUG TECHNOLOGY
Herbal Cosmetics
Sources and description of raw materials of herbal origin used via, fixed oils, waxes, gums
colours, perfumes, protective agents, bleaching agents, antioxidants in products such as skin
care, hair care and oral hygiene products.
CONDITIONER AND FAIRNESS CREAM BY SANDEEP K.S.pptxSANDEEPKS44
DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACOGNOSY AND PHYTOCHEMISTRY
SECOND SEMESTER M-PHARM
Conditioners that adds shine to the hair and make it tangle free.
After Shampooing, its important to use hair conditioners to give increased manageability to our hair, leaving it soft & shiny .
Conditioning is needed especially for dry, brittle hair and after dandruff treatment.
Fairness cream gives fairness with an even tone, while cleansing dark spots, discoloured and pigmented skin.
The fairness cream is supposed not only to import fairness, but also remove blemishes from the skin.
Its natural action involves reduction of the black melanin in the skin without changing the skin’s natural balance.
The project name "Herbal Anti-Aging Cream" suggests that the project is focused on developing a skincare product that uses natural, plant-based ingredients to target the visible signs of aging, such as fine lines, wrinkles, and age spots. The project may involve research into the properties and benefits of various herbs and botanicals, as well as the formulation and testing of a cream that can be used to moisturize, nourish, and rejuvenate the skin. The goal of the project may be to create a high-quality, effective anti-aging cream that is safe, gentle, and sustainable, and that can be marketed to consumers who are looking for natural alternatives to conventional skincare products.
As is widely known, aging is an un avoidable part of life that nearly all adults have to
face at some point. Despite this, it is important to remember that the aging process is natural
and should be accepted and embraced. All of us have the capacity to live our lives to the
fullest, regardless of how old we are. As we age, it is common to experience physical and
mental changes that can sometimes lead to a lack of self-esteem and a decrease in perceived
physical attractiveness. Nevertheless, with proper care and attention, it is possible to maintain
a healthy and confident outlook despite the passing of time.
That’s why we have studied several research papers and have gained valuable insights.
We recently conducted a study on skin aging and its associated factors, including the use of
anti-aging creams and behaviors. The findings of our research have provided us with valuable
insights into the topic.
In order to better understand the aging process of the skin, we have conducted a
thorough analysis of the various chemical and herbal products available on the market, as well
as the ingredients they contain. Through our research, we compiled a comprehensive list of
the trending products and their associated benefits. We hope that our findings will provide a
useful reference for those seeking to maintain healthy, youthful skin.
We have prepared an excel sheet containing an analysis of the ingredients of the 50
cream products. We are pleased to inform you that we have completed an extensive analysis
of the composition of 50 cream products. Through our research, we have identified that a
variety of chemicals, vitamins, lipids, and extracts are used in the creams. Specifically, we
have identified retinol, moringa oliefera, apricot oil, aloe leaf extract, and other common
ingredients.
We have gathered detailed information regarding certain herbs which are highly
beneficial for treating aging skin. With this information, we are looking to conduct further
research in order to create an effective herbal product cream that is free of any adverse side
effects. We are confident that this product will be able to provide quick and effective relief
from aging skin problems.
- By Aditya Vijay Naik (B.pharm Student) Sppu
Natural sweetener which have low calorific value, can be used in diabetic and obese patient. some of them are taste modifying agents, which are not sweet in taste but modify the taste of sour food, can be used as natural sweetener instead of artificial sweetening agents which are high in calorie and can be harmful to our body.
Herbal excipients which are easily available, lower cost and are noncarcinogenic, which can be used to replace synthetic excipients which are carcinogenic.
Natural colorants obtained from various insects and plants, which gives harmless dying agents which can be used in food industry as well as textile industry.
Isolation, Identification and Analysis of Phytoconstituents.pptxZuli Shingala
general Isolation methods for alkaloids
isolation, identification and analysis of phytoconstituents like Caffeine, Atropine, Glycyrrhetinic acid, Podophyllotoxin
Lignans are phenyl propanoids dimer found in many plants, particularly in seeds like sesame seeds, linseed, sunflower seeds, pumkin seeds, etc. and they are having anti microbial, anti viral and anti fungal activity.
Cyanogenic glycoside which on hydrolysis gives benzaldehyde and hydrocyanic acid. examples of this glycosides are bitter almond and wild cherry bark. in this slides bitter almond is described in detail.
Black and green tea, its preparation, tea cultivation, preparation of black tea and green tea, chemical constituents (caffeine, catechin, tannins) and uses
Cultivation and collection of drugs of natural originZuli Shingala
cultivation and collection of medicinal plants, processing, storage, etc. with various factors that affects cultivation and collection of medicinal plants
Secondary metabolites from plants like Alkaloids, Glycosides, Tannins, Resins, Volatile oils and Flavonoids. with definition, introduction, Chemical properties, Classification and Identification test
evaluation of drug by organoleptic, microscopical, physical, chemical and biological methods. spectroscopical methods, chromatography, leaf constants, linear measurements.
metabolism of glucose into pyruvate or lactate depending upon the presence of oxygen. salient features of glycolysis, definition and sequence of reactions involved in glycolysis.
classification of drugs from natural origin
alphabetical, morphological, pharmacological, chemical, taxonomical, chemotaxonomical, serotaxonomical classifications are included in the presentation
herbal drugs or phytoconstituents used to improve skin texture and coloration included in the presentation with herbal fairness formulations available in the market
Sources of crude drugs (natural)
Drugs obtained from Plants, Animals, Marine, Microorganism, Mineral and from Biotechnology (plant tissue culture) are covered in the presentation
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
2. FAIR AND BEAUTIFUL ??
(EQUAL OR NOT )
Fairness is considered equal to attractiveness by majority of
the populace.
Advertisements stating - wanted Fair, Slim and Beautiful
Bride ?
Making the not so fair person feel that they have to do
something to become fair skinned person.
Or they lose the chance of finding a suitable groom. This
Psychology has become the trading point of the Fairness
Cream Industry.
2
3. SKIN WHITENING / LIGHTENING /
FAIRNESS PRODUCTS
Skin lightening products refers to the practice of using
substances for lighten skin tone or provide an even skin
complexion by inhibiting the concentration of melanin.
The colour of the skin may have a major impact on an
individual’s psychological profile.
There are products available to treat both hypo and hyper
pigmentation.
India, being a tropical country has predominantly dark-
skinned people.
Products to enhance “skin fairness” are available as
cosmetic creams in the market and these are advertised
widely.
Most products are aimed at young women.
3
4. These are usually in the form of creams or gels or lotions.
WHAT DOES THE FAIRNESS PRODUCTS DO?
Inhibit the formation of melanin.
Reduces pigmentation.
BY-
destroying Melanocytes.
Inhibit Tyrosinase activity, thus inhibit the production of
Melanin.
Affecting the Formation of Tyrosinase.
When a product claims that its use will result in making the
skin fair, it implies that using it will actually decrease the
natural skin coloration of an individual.
4
6. SYNTHETIC INGREDIENTS THAT HELP IN SKIN
LIGHTENING
Tretinoin
Hydroquinone:
Hydroquinone is a strong inhibitor of melanin production,
can disrupt the synthesis and production of melanin.
Banned in some countries (e.g. France- from 2001)
because of fears of a cancer risk. Hydroquinone has been
shown to cause leukemia in mice and other animals.
6
7. Arbutin :
Pure forms of arbutin are considered more potent (alpha-
arbutin, beta-arbutin, and deoxy-arbutin).
Beta-Arbutin is also known by its more common name of
Bearberry extract.
Derived from the leaves of bearberry, cranberry, mulberry
blueberry shrubs, and is also present in most types of
It can have melanin-inhibiting properties.
considered safe alternatives to commonly used de-
pigmenting agents to make the skin fairer.
There are patents controlling its use for skin lightening.
7
8. Kojic acid :
Kojic acid is a by-product in the fermentation process of
malting rice for use in the manufacturing of Sake, the
Japanese rice wine.
Kojic acid is an unstable ingredient in cosmetic
formulations.
Upon exposure to air or sunlight it can turn brown and
its efficacy.
Many cosmetic companies use Kojic di-palmitate as an
alternative because it is more stable in formulations. some
controversial research has suggested that Kojic acid may
have carcinogenic properties in large doses.
It can cause allergic contact dermatitis and skin irritation.
8
9. Azelaic acid :
Azelaic acid is a component of grains, such as wheat, rye,
and barley.
It is applied topically in a cream formulation at a 10-20%
concentration.
Azelaic acid is used to treat acne, but there also is research
showing it to be effective for skin discolorations.
Vitamin C :
Vitamin C are considered an effective antioxidant for the
skin and they help to lighten skin.
9
10. Alpha hydroxy acids :
Alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs) - primarily in the form of lactic
acid and glycolic acid - are the most researched forms of
AHAs because they have a molecular size that allows
effective penetration into the top layers of skin.
4% to 15% are not effective for inhibiting melanin
production and will not lighten skin discolorations in that
manner.
Their benefit is in helping removing unhealthy or abnormal
layers of skin cells (exfoliation) where hyper pigmented
cells can accumulate.
Alpha hydroxy acid peels (using 50% concentrations or
greater) may remove skin discolorations. Only a qualified
physician should perform these types of facial peels.
Niacinamide :
Niacinamide is much safer alternative for skin whitening.
Niacinamide has no adverse side-effects. It promotes acne
reduction, and reduces fine wrinkles.
10
11. Major Constituents of Fairness Cream:
usually a solid or semi-solid emulsion.
Oil phase ingredients – base as stearic acid (in most of the
cases), liquid paraffin,cetostearyl alcohol
Water based ingredients –glycerin,triethanolamine
Emulsifiers – stearic acid
Sesquersting agents – Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
Fairness actives – Synthetic and Natural/herbals
Preservatives – To preserve the formulations from
microbial attacks and contaminations- methyl and propyl
paraben
Colouring and Perfumery agents – To keep the
formulation aesthetically appealing and pleasant.
Other special ingredients –UV protective agents,Anti-
oxidants,Vitamins etc.
11
12. preparation
Generally fairness creams are oil in water (O/W) emulsion
based creams.
Emulsifier and other oil soluble components (cetyl alcohol,
almond oil) dissolved in oil phase.
The preservatives and other water soluble components
(methyl paraben, propyl paraben, propylene glycol, and all
herbal extracts) dissolved in the aqueous phase.
Heat both phase at 75 ˚C.
After heating, add aqueous phase into oil phase with
continuous stirring.
12
13. What should be the desired qualities of Fairness Cream?
Pleasant odour and colour
Must be aesthetically appealing
Easy to spread, and provide a pleasant feeling during
application
Easy penetration
Should be non-oily / non-greasy after application
Impart skin lightening
Improve complexion
Render moisturization
Impart hydration
Render nourishment
Well tolerance
Non-allergenic
13
14. EVALUATION PARAMETERS
1. pH of cream
2. viscosity
3. dye test :
The scarlet red dye is mixed with the cream.
Place a drop on a microscopic slide, cover it and examine.
O/W types of creams shows – disperse globules red over
colourless background.
4. homogeneity
5. appearance
6. washability / removal of cream
7. Acid value
8. saponification value
9. irritancy test
14
15. MARKETED PRODUCTS
1. FAIR AND LOVELY AYURVEDIC CARE
Kumkumadi oil – skin lightening remedies for dull and dark
complexion.
Chandan, manjishtha, milk, kesa, wheat germ oil.
It also provides protection from UV rays.
15
16. 2. VICCO TURMERIC SKIN CREAM
Ingredients :
Combination of turmeric and sandalwood oil.
It heals and prevents acne, pimples and blemishes.
16
17. 3. Himalaya hebals natural glow kesar face cream
Contains alfalfa, vitamin E, vitamin B3 and saffron
Inhibits melanin synthesis
Saffron helps lighren skin tone and brightens a dull
complexion.
17
18. 4. Patanjali saundarya swarn kanti fairness cream
Contains an advanced blend of purified gold along with a
natural oils, herbs, vitamins and fruit extracts.
5. roop mantra ayurvedic medicinal cream
Contains 12 medicinal herbs and fruits includind aloe vera,
apple, carrot, almond, grapes, mulethi, neem and
chandan.
That makes skin look fair and gives natural glow to skin.
18
19. 6. VLCC white and bright glow creme
Paraben free formula
Contains carrot seed dry powder extract, aloe vera, grape
extract, liquorice extract and mulberry extract, saffron,
turmeric, cucumber extract and olive oil.
Brightens the dull and dark skin
Reduces the appearance of marks, blemishes and
pigmentation.
19
20. REFERENCES
Fairness cream – consumers association of India
(www.caiindia.com)
Natural fairness creams to achieve fair and flawlwss skin
from beautyglimpse.com
20