This document discusses hepatitis A and hepatitis C. It notes that hepatitis A is spread through ingestion of food or water contaminated with feces from an infected person and causes flu-like symptoms. It also states that hepatitis C is caused by the hepatitis C virus and can lead to both acute and chronic infection, with 130-150 million people having chronic hepatitis C globally. The document provides details on the symptoms, detection methods, and treatments for both hepatitis A and C.

1. By ifsha akhlaq

2.  HepatitisA is a liver disease caused by the
hepatitisA virus.The virus is spread when an
uninfected person ingest food or water that is
contaminated with the faeces of an infected
person.

3.  - 1.4 million cases of hepatitisA every year.
 - In Shanghai in 1988 about 300,000 people
reported with hepatitisA.
 - In developing countries about 90% children
are affected.

4.  HAV virus acquired by mouth and replicate in
liver. After 10-12 days virus present in blood
and excreted in the biliary system into are
feces.
 Virus is present in serum and virus excretion
begins to decline in at the onset of clinical
illness.

6.  Flu like symptoms (fever, fatigue body aches)
 -Abdominal pain
 -Light colored stool
 -Dark urine
 -Loss of appetite
 -Unexplained weight loss
 -Jaundice
 -Malaise
 -Diarrhea

8.  Detection of HAV-specific IgM and IgG
antibodies
 -Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain
reaction

9.  No specific treatments for hepatitisA but
symptoms are treated.
 Therapy used to maintain comfort such as
replacement of fluids which are lost from
vomiting and diarrhea.

10.  A liver disease caused by hepatitis C virus.
Virus can cause both acute and chronic
hepatitis infection.

11.  - 130-150 million people have chronic
hepatitisC.
 - 350000 to 500000 people die in a year.
 Most affected regions are Central and East
Asia and North Africa.

12.  The natural targets of HCV are hepatocytes
and B-lymphocytes.Viral clearance is
associated with the development and
persistence of strong virus-specific responses
byT lymphocytes and helperT cells.

13.  80% patient have no symptoms but some
complain of mild to severe systems such as
 -Fever
 -Dark urine
 -Loss of appetite
 -Abdominal pain
 -Joint pain
 -Jaundice

15.  CBC test
 -Serological test
 -Nucleic acid test
 -Genotyping test
 -Liver function test
 -Liver biopsy

16.  Antiviral treatment
 Bed rest is recommended
 -Antiviral combination therapy with
interferon and ribavirin.