One of the most developed cities of India, the city of Chennai is the capital of Tamilnadu and many people from different parts of India come here to earn their bread and butter. Being a metropolitan, the city is filled with towering building and beaches but the sad part as with almost every Indian city
CRISPR-Cas9, a revolutionary gene-editing tool, holds immense potential to reshape medicine, agriculture, and our understanding of life. But like any powerful tool, it comes with ethical considerations.
Unveiling CRISPR: This naturally occurring bacterial defense system (crRNA & Cas9 protein) fights viruses. Scientists repurposed it for precise gene editing (correction, deletion, insertion) by targeting specific DNA sequences.
The Promise: CRISPR offers exciting possibilities:
Gene Therapy: Correcting genetic diseases like cystic fibrosis.
Agriculture: Engineering crops resistant to pests and harsh environments.
Research: Studying gene function to unlock new knowledge.
The Peril: Ethical concerns demand attention:
Off-target Effects: Unintended DNA edits can have unforeseen consequences.
Eugenics: Misusing CRISPR for designer babies raises social and ethical questions.
Equity: High costs could limit access to this potentially life-saving technology.
The Path Forward: Responsible development is crucial:
International Collaboration: Clear guidelines are needed for research and human trials.
Public Education: Open discussions ensure informed decisions about CRISPR.
Prioritize Safety and Ethics: Safety and ethical principles must be paramount.
CRISPR offers a powerful tool for a better future, but responsible development and addressing ethical concerns are essential. By prioritizing safety, fostering open dialogue, and ensuring equitable access, we can harness CRISPR's power for the benefit of all. (2998 characters)
India Clinical Trials Market: Industry Size and Growth Trends [2030] Analyzed...Kumar Satyam
According to TechSci Research report, "India Clinical Trials Market- By Region, Competition, Forecast & Opportunities, 2030F," the India Clinical Trials Market was valued at USD 2.05 billion in 2024 and is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.64% through 2030. The market is driven by a variety of factors, making India an attractive destination for pharmaceutical companies and researchers. India's vast and diverse patient population, cost-effective operational environment, and a large pool of skilled medical professionals contribute significantly to the market's growth. Additionally, increasing government support in streamlining regulations and the growing prevalence of lifestyle diseases further propel the clinical trials market.
Growing Prevalence of Lifestyle Diseases
The rising incidence of lifestyle diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer is a major trend driving the clinical trials market in India. These conditions necessitate the development and testing of new treatment methods, creating a robust demand for clinical trials. The increasing burden of these diseases highlights the need for innovative therapies and underscores the importance of India as a key player in global clinical research.
The dimensions of healthcare quality refer to various attributes or aspects that define the standard of healthcare services. These dimensions are used to evaluate, measure, and improve the quality of care provided to patients. A comprehensive understanding of these dimensions ensures that healthcare systems can address various aspects of patient care effectively and holistically. Dimensions of Healthcare Quality and Performance of care include the following; Appropriateness, Availability, Competence, Continuity, Effectiveness, Efficiency, Efficacy, Prevention, Respect and Care, Safety as well as Timeliness.
Navigating the Health Insurance Market_ Understanding Trends and Options.pdfEnterprise Wired
From navigating policy options to staying informed about industry trends, this comprehensive guide explores everything you need to know about the health insurance market.
We understand the unique challenges pickleball players face and are committed to helping you stay healthy and active. In this presentation, we’ll explore the three most common pickleball injuries and provide strategies for prevention and treatment.
Leading the Way in Nephrology: Dr. David Greene's Work with Stem Cells for Ki...Dr. David Greene Arizona
As we watch Dr. Greene's continued efforts and research in Arizona, it's clear that stem cell therapy holds a promising key to unlocking new doors in the treatment of kidney disease. With each study and trial, we step closer to a world where kidney disease is no longer a life sentence but a treatable condition, thanks to pioneers like Dr. David Greene.
Global launch of the Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index 2nd wave – alongside...ILC- UK
The Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index is an online tool created by ILC that ranks countries on six metrics including, life span, health span, work span, income, environmental performance, and happiness. The Index helps us understand how well countries have adapted to longevity and inform decision makers on what must be done to maximise the economic benefits that comes with living well for longer.
Alongside the 77th World Health Assembly in Geneva on 28 May 2024, we launched the second version of our Index, allowing us to track progress and give new insights into what needs to be done to keep populations healthier for longer.
The speakers included:
Professor Orazio Schillaci, Minister of Health, Italy
Dr Hans Groth, Chairman of the Board, World Demographic & Ageing Forum
Professor Ilona Kickbusch, Founder and Chair, Global Health Centre, Geneva Graduate Institute and co-chair, World Health Summit Council
Dr Natasha Azzopardi Muscat, Director, Country Health Policies and Systems Division, World Health Organisation EURO
Dr Marta Lomazzi, Executive Manager, World Federation of Public Health Associations
Dr Shyam Bishen, Head, Centre for Health and Healthcare and Member of the Executive Committee, World Economic Forum
Dr Karin Tegmark Wisell, Director General, Public Health Agency of Sweden
Medical Technology Tackles New Health Care Demand - Research Report - March 2...pchutichetpong
M Capital Group (“MCG”) predicts that with, against, despite, and even without the global pandemic, the medical technology (MedTech) industry shows signs of continuous healthy growth, driven by smaller, faster, and cheaper devices, growing demand for home-based applications, technological innovation, strategic acquisitions, investments, and SPAC listings. MCG predicts that this should reflects itself in annual growth of over 6%, well beyond 2028.
According to Chris Mouchabhani, Managing Partner at M Capital Group, “Despite all economic scenarios that one may consider, beyond overall economic shocks, medical technology should remain one of the most promising and robust sectors over the short to medium term and well beyond 2028.”
There is a movement towards home-based care for the elderly, next generation scanning and MRI devices, wearable technology, artificial intelligence incorporation, and online connectivity. Experts also see a focus on predictive, preventive, personalized, participatory, and precision medicine, with rising levels of integration of home care and technological innovation.
The average cost of treatment has been rising across the board, creating additional financial burdens to governments, healthcare providers and insurance companies. According to MCG, cost-per-inpatient-stay in the United States alone rose on average annually by over 13% between 2014 to 2021, leading MedTech to focus research efforts on optimized medical equipment at lower price points, whilst emphasizing portability and ease of use. Namely, 46% of the 1,008 medical technology companies in the 2021 MedTech Innovator (“MTI”) database are focusing on prevention, wellness, detection, or diagnosis, signaling a clear push for preventive care to also tackle costs.
In addition, there has also been a lasting impact on consumer and medical demand for home care, supported by the pandemic. Lockdowns, closure of care facilities, and healthcare systems subjected to capacity pressure, accelerated demand away from traditional inpatient care. Now, outpatient care solutions are driving industry production, with nearly 70% of recent diagnostics start-up companies producing products in areas such as ambulatory clinics, at-home care, and self-administered diagnostics.
Welcome to Secret Tantric, London’s finest VIP Massage agency. Since we first opened our doors, we have provided the ultimate erotic massage experience to innumerable clients, each one searching for the very best sensual massage in London. We come by this reputation honestly with a dynamic team of the city’s most beautiful masseuses.
How many patients does case series should have In comparison to case reports.pdfpubrica101
Pubrica’s team of researchers and writers create scientific and medical research articles, which may be important resources for authors and practitioners. Pubrica medical writers assist you in creating and revising the introduction by alerting the reader to gaps in the chosen study subject. Our professionals understand the order in which the hypothesis topic is followed by the broad subject, the issue, and the backdrop.
https://pubrica.com/academy/case-study-or-series/how-many-patients-does-case-series-should-have-in-comparison-to-case-reports/
2. INTRODUCTION
Hepatitis A is an acute infectious disease caused by Hepatitis A Virus.
This disease shows nonspecific symptoms such as fever,chills,headache,fatigue,generalised
weakness,aches and pain followed by Anorexia,nausea,vomiting,dark urine and jaundice.
This disease is benign with complete recovery in several weeks
3. DEFINITION
Hepatitis A (formerly known as infectious Hepatitis or epidemic jaundice) is an acute
infectious disease caused by Hepatitis A Virus
5. CAUSES
Eating food handled by someone with virus who doesn’t throughly wash his
hands after using the toilet
Drinking contaminated water
Eating raw shellfish from water polluted with sewage
Being in close contact with a person who’s infected even if that person has no
signs or symptoms
Having sex with someone who has the virus
6. SIGNS AND SYPMTOMS
Some of the signs and symptoms of Hepatitis A Virus are :-
Fatigue
Sudden nausea and vomiting
Abdominal pain or discmfort especially on the upper right side
beneath your lower ribs(by your liver)
Clay coloured bowel movements
Loss of appetite
Low grade fever
Dark urine
Yellowing of skin and whites of your eyes(jaundice)
Intense itching
7. EPIDEMIOLOGICAL FACTORS
AGENT FACTORS
•AGENT : The causative agent Hepatitis A Virus is an enterovirus type(72) of picornaviridae family
•RESISTANCE: The virus is fairly resistant to low PH,heat and chemicals. It can survive more than 10
weeks in well water.It can withstand heating to 60°C for one hour and is not affected by chlorine in
chlorination
•RESERVOIR OF INFECTION: The Humans are the RESERVOIR of infection.It can range from
asymptomatic infection to severe ones.Asymptomatic infection is more common in children
•PERIOD OF INFECTIVITY: The risk of transmitting HAV is greatest from 2 weeks before 0 to 1 week
after onset of jaundice.
•INFECTIVE MATERIAL: Mainly man’s faeces,blood,serum and other fluids are infective materials
8. HOST FACTORS
•AGE : Hepatitis A infection is more common in children than in adults However
people in all ages may be infected if susceptible. In young children infections tend
to be mild or subclinical.the clinical severity increases with age
•SEX : Both sexes are equally susceptible
•IMMUNITY: Immunity after infection lasts for life
•ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS : In India the disease tends to be associated with
periods of heavy rainfall,poor sanitation and overcrowding spreads the infection
9. CLINICAL SPECTRUM OF HEPATITIS A
INFECTION
The onset of jaundice is often preceded by gastrointestinal symptoms such as
nausea,vomiting, anorexia and mild fever
Jaundice may appear within a few days of prodromal period but anicteric hepatitis
is more common
Hepatitis A resolves completely in 98% of cases but relapse of symptoms are
noted in 3-20% cases.
10. COMPLICATIONS
Hepatitis A doesn’t cause long term liver disease and it doesn’t become chronic
In rare cases,Hepatitis A can cause sudden loss of liver function especially in older
adults or people with chronic liver diseases.
11. DIAGNOSIS
Specific lab diagnosis of Hepatitis A can be obtained by :-
● Demonstration of HAV particles or Specific viral antigens in the
faeces,bile,blood.HAV is detected in the stool from about 2 weeks prior to onset of
jaundice upto 2 weeks after
●Anti HAV appears in IGM fraction during acute phase,peaking about 2 weeks
prior to onset of after elevation of liver enzymes .Anti HAV IGM usually declines to
non detectable level within 3-6 months after onset of disease and persists for
decades.
Thus detection of IGM Specific Anti HAV in blood of an acutely infected patient
confirms diagnosis of Hepatitis A.
12. MODE OF TRANSMISSION
■ FAECAL ORAL ROUTE
This is the major route of transmission.It may occur by direct contact or indirectly
by way of contaminated water,food or milk.
■PARENTERAL ROUTE
Hepatitis A is also transmitted by parenteral route that is blood and blood
needles.this may occur during stage of Viraemia(Presence of virus in Blood)
■ SEXUAL TRANSMISSION
As a sexually transmitted infection may occur among homosexual men’s oral–anal
contact.
13. MANAGEMENT
Prevention of overcrowding and poor sanitation
Active immunization with aninactivated virus vaccination
Immediate protection by Immediate serum globulin if this is given soon after
exposure to virus
14. NURSING MANAGEMENT
The patient is usually manged at home unless symptoms are severe
The nurse assists family in coping with temporary disability and fatigue that are
common in Hepatitis and instructed them to seek additional health care if symptoms
persist or worsen
Reduce demands on liver while promoting physical well-being
Prevent complications
Enhance self-concept ,acceptance of situation
Provide information about disease process,prognosis, treatment needs
Meeting basic self care needs
Recommend small frequent meals
15. Instruct patient to abstain from alcohol during acute illness and for 6 months
after recovery
Advise patient to avoid substances such as medications that may affect function
16. PREVENTION
The best way to prevent Hepatitis A is through vaccination with Hepatitis A
vaccine
• Formaldehyde inactivated vaccines
•Livs attenuated vaccines
Human immunoglobulin – The protective efficacy of immune globulin against the
HAV infection is approx 1-2 months and 3-5 months following administration of
IgG at dose of 0.02-0.06ml/kg body weight
17. Control of transmission: The best way to reduce disease transmission is simple measures of
personal and community hygiene.Eg Handwasshing before eating and after using
toilet,sanitary disposal of excreta prevents contamination.
18. CONCLUSION
Hepatitis A virus is still a major cause of infection and disease in the world and
heterogeneous pockets of susceptible and exposed individuals may co-exist in
rapidly developing societies.Therefore small localised or large outbreaks of HAV
infection will remain a threat in such areas.
The situation demands that conclusive guidelines be produced for HAV
vaccination in these communities after characterising them appropriately.
