heart block presentation (1)
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This document discusses different types of heart block and their causes and treatments. It describes first-degree heart block as a delay in electrical conduction through the AV node, which can be caused by medications like digitalis, beta blockers, and calcium channel blockers. Second-degree heart block involves intermittent conduction delays or blocks, with two types - type 1 may not cause symptoms while type 2 impacts the heart's ability to pump blood. Third-degree heart block means no conduction between atria and ventricles, requiring a pacemaker. Long QT syndrome can be caused by certain medications and causes fainting or arrhythmias, treated with medications, surgery or defibrillator.
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Sick sinus syndrome describes dysfunction of the heart's sinoatrial node, which can cause abnormal heart rhythms like bradycardia, tachycardia, and alternating slow and fast rhythms. It is usually caused by non-specific degeneration of the conduction system in older adults. Various types of heart block exist that interfere with conduction in the heart, from first degree involving prolonged PR intervals to third degree or complete heart block where no impulses reach the ventricles. Bundle branch blocks occur when the left or right bundle branch is blocked, delaying conduction and causing characteristic ECG patterns.
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This document discusses cardiac arrhythmias and their treatment. It defines normal cardiac rhythm and atrial arrhythmias. It describes the cardiac action potential and ECG waves. It explains the differences between pacemaker and non-pacemaker cell action potentials. The document discusses mechanisms of arrhythmias including disorders of impulse formation and conduction. It provides an overview of antiarrhythmic drug classes and mechanisms of action including sodium channel blockade, beta-blockade, and calcium channel blockade.
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Tachyarrhythmias are clinically important as they can precipitate cardiac arrest, cardiac failure, thromboembolic disease and syncopal events. As such, they crop up time and time again in exam papers and on the wards.
Tachyarrhythmias are classified based on whether they have broad or narrow QRS complexes on the ECG. Broad is defined as >0.12s (or more than 3 small squares on the standard ECG). Narrow is equal to or less than 0.12s. Broad QRS complexes are slower ventricular depolarisations that arise from the ventricles. Narrow complexes are ventricular depolarisations initiated from above the ventricles (known as supraventricular). One important exception is when there is a supraventricular depolarisation conducted through a diseased AV node. This will produce wide QRS complexes despite the rhythm being supraventricular in origin.
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2) Key abnormal rhythms, rates, intervals, and waves are defined along with their potential causes, such as sinus bradycardia, atrial fibrillation, various heart blocks, ventricular tachycardia, ST segment changes, T wave inversions, bundle branch blocks, and more.
3) Methods for localizing myocardial infarctions and abnormalities seen in conditions like hyperkalemia and hypothermia are also summarized.
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Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome
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Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome (WPW) is one of several disorders of the conduction system of the heart that are commonly referred to as pre-excitation syndromes. WPW is caused by the presence of an abnormal accessory electrical conduction pathway between the atria and the ventricles. Electrical signals travelling down this abnormal pathway (known as the bundle of Kent) may stimulate the ventricles to contract prematurely, resulting in a unique type of supraventricular tachycardia referred to as an atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia.The incidence of WPW is between 0.1% and 0.3% in the general population.Sudden cardiac death in people with WPW is rare (incidence of less than 0.6%), and is usually caused by the propagation of an atrial tachydysrhythmia (rapid and abnormal heart rate) to the ventricles by the abnormal accessory pathway.
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The document discusses bradyarrhythmias and pacemaker selection. It provides an overview of conduction systems, mechanisms of sinus node dysfunction and AV block. It reviews evaluations for bradyarrhythmias including ECG, tests, and etiologies. Guidelines for pacemaker indications are presented for various conditions like sinus node dysfunction, AV block, bifascicular/trifascicular block, and neurocardiogenic syncope. Complications and special considerations like EMI and device settings are also mentioned.
Brady arryhthmias
Bradyarrhythmias are caused by problems with impulse formation in the sinus node or impulse conduction through the AV node. Sinus node dysfunction can cause sinus bradycardia, sinus pause/arrest, or chronotropic incompetence. Atrioventricular block is classified as first, second, or third degree and may be caused by conditions like CAD, drugs, or infiltrative diseases. Second degree AV block is further classified as Mobitz type I or II based on PR interval characteristics. Third degree AV block causes complete dissociation between atrial and ventricular rhythms.
Heart block
This document discusses different types of heart block. It defines heart block as an abnormal heart rhythm where the heart beats too slowly due to blocked electrical signals between the upper and lower chambers. The types of heart block are described as first, second, and third degree. First degree heart block causes a prolonged PR interval but no symptoms. Second degree heart block can be Mobitz type I or II, with type II being more significant. Third degree or complete heart block causes complete dissociation between the upper and lower chambers and requires a pacemaker.
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This document describes different types of supraventricular tachycardias (SVTs), which are rapid heart rhythms originating above the ventricles. It defines SVTs and paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT), and lists common symptoms. The types of SVTs are categorized based on their origin in the sinoatrial node, atria, or atrioventricular node/junction. Each type has a distinct electrocardiogram appearance and cause, such as reentry circuits, ectopic foci, or increased node automaticity. Common examples include AV nodal reentrant tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, and Wolff-Parkinson-
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This document provides an overview of tachyarrhythmias and their mechanisms. It discusses the normal cardiac conduction system and describes how abnormalities can lead to arrhythmias via mechanisms like accelerated automaticity, triggered activity, and reentry. It then focuses on atrial fibrillation, describing its classification, causes, diagnosis, and treatment approaches like rate control and anticoagulation based on stroke risk scores. The document emphasizes the importance of evaluating hemodynamic stability and controlling heart rate for arrhythmia patients.
Samir rafla cardiac arrhythmias for 5th year medical students
The electrocardiogram (ECG) records the electrical activity of the heart during each cardiac cycle. It detects the P wave, QRS complex, and T wave which represent atrial depolarization, ventricular depolarization, and ventricular repolarization, respectively. The ECG is used to analyze the heart rate, rhythm, and intervals between waves to diagnose cardiac conditions. Common arrhythmias include premature beats, supraventricular tachycardias like atrial flutter, and atrial fibrillation which is characterized by disorganized atrial activity and an irregular ventricular response.
Arrythmia
Heart rhythm problems (heart arrhythmias) occur when the electrical impulses that coordinate your heartbeats don't work properly, causing your heart to beat too fast, too slow or irregularly.
Heart arrhythmias (uh-RITH-me-uhs) may feel like a fluttering or racing heart and may be harmless. However, some heart arrhythmias may cause bothersome — sometimes even life-threatening — signs and symptoms.
Heart arrhythmia treatment can often control or eliminate fast, slow or irregular heartbeats. In addition, because troublesome heart arrhythmias are often made worse — or are even caused — by a weak or damaged heart, you may be able to reduce your arrhythmia risk by adopting a heart-healthy lifestyle.Arrhythmias may cause you to feel premature heartbeats, or you may feel that your heart is racing or beating too slowly. Other signs and symptoms may be related to your heart not pumping effectively due to the fast or slow heartbeat. These include shortness of breath, weakness, dizziness, lightheadedness, fainting or near fainting, and chest pain or discomfort. Seek urgent medical care if you suddenly or frequently experience any of these signs and symptoms at a time when you wouldn't expect to feel them.Ventricular fibrillation is one type of arrhythmia that can be deadly. It occurs when the heart beats with rapid, erratic electrical impulses. This causes the lower chambers in your heart (ventricles) to quiver uselessly instead of pumping blood. Without an effective heartbeat, blood pressure plummets, cutting off blood supply to your vital organs.f slow heartbeats (bradycardias) don't have a cause that can be corrected, doctors often treat them with a pacemaker because there aren't any medications that can reliably speed up the heart.
A pacemaker is a small device that's usually implanted near your collarbone. One or more electrode-tipped wires run from the pacemaker through your blood vessels to your inner heart. If your heart rate is too slow or if it stops, the pacemaker sends out electrical impulses that stimulate your heart to beat at a steady rate.
arrythmias.ppt
An arrhythmia is an irregular heartbeat that occurs when the heart's electrical signals don't work properly, causing the heart to beat too fast, too slow, or irregularly. Some key types discussed include sinus tachycardia, sinus bradycardia, premature atrial contractions, atrial flutter, atrial fibrillation, supraventricular tachycardia, ventricular tachycardia, and heart block. Causes can include direct damage to the conduction system, inflammation, electrolyte imbalances, and drugs. Treatment depends on the specific type but may include medications, catheter ablation, cardioversion, or pacemaker implantation.
Cardiovascular System.ppt
The document summarizes the structure and function of the cardiovascular system. It describes the internal structures of the heart including the chambers and valves. It then discusses several pathological heart conditions such as arrhythmias, heart block, flutter, and fibrillation. Treatment options for these conditions are also outlined such as pacemakers, defibrillators, and ablation. Common procedures like cardiac catheterization, angiography, angioplasty, and bypass surgery are summarized. Various cardiac imaging and stress tests are also described.
Perioperative Arrythmias and management
The document discusses various types of cardiac arrhythmias including their definitions, causes, clinical manifestations and management. It describes normal sinus rhythm and defines arrhythmias as any change from the normal heart rhythm. Common arrhythmias discussed include sinus tachycardia, sinus bradycardia, premature atrial complexes, premature ventricular complexes, atrial flutter, atrial fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia. It provides EKG images to demonstrate the different arrhythmias and compares characteristics of supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias. Causes, clinical significance and treatment approaches for different arrhythmias are also summarized.
Paperwork - Arrythmia
Part of our assignment in which we have to make a paperwork to discuss about the heart disease, arrythmia.
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Cardiac rhythm disturbance
This document discusses normal sinus rhythm and various cardiac rhythm disturbances, including atrial fibrillation, multifocal atrial tachycardia, atrial flutter, and paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. It provides details on the characteristics, causes, clinical presentation, evaluation, and treatment of each arrhythmia. The treatment sections focus on rate control versus rhythm control, pharmacological and electrical cardioversion options, and anticoagulation guidelines.
CVS anti arrhythmic drugs
This document discusses antiarrhythmic drugs used to treat cardiac arrhythmias. It begins by defining arrhythmias and describing the causes. It then discusses the Vaughan Williams classification system for antiarrhythmic drugs. Class I drugs like quinidine, procainamide and flecainide work by blocking sodium channels. Class II drugs like propranolol are beta blockers. Class III drugs like amiodarone work by prolonging the action potential. The document provides details on specific drugs, their mechanisms of action, uses, doses and side effects. It emphasizes restoring normal rhythm and rate while preventing more dangerous arrhythmias.
cardiac rhythm disorders in newborns
Cardiac rhythm disorders in neonates can include sinus arrhythmias, tachyarrhythmias like atrial tachycardia and supraventricular tachycardia, and ventricular arrhythmias like premature ventricular contractions and ventricular tachycardia. The document discusses how to read an ECG, defines various normal and abnormal rhythms like sinus bradycardia, and outlines their evaluation and treatment approaches. Genetic arrhythmia syndromes are also mentioned.
Bradyarryhthmias
The document summarizes the intrinsic cardiac conduction system and how it regulates heart rate. It describes the roles of the sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, bundle of His, bundle branches and Purkinje fibers in initiating and distributing electrical impulses throughout the heart. It also discusses how the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems can respectively increase or decrease heart rate through their effects on these conduction pathways. Various types of bradyarrhythmias and atrioventricular conduction blocks are then outlined.
Sa and av nodal bradyarrhythmias and the indication
SA nodal and AV nodal bradyarrhythmias can cause symptomatic sinus bradycardia requiring pacemaker implantation. The SA node regulates heart rate and its dysfunction can be caused by drugs, autonomic dysfunction, or intrinsic sick sinus syndrome. AV nodal dysfunction may involve first-degree, Mobitz type I or II, or complete heart block. Pacemakers are indicated for symptomatic bradycardia based on electrocardiography and electrophysiological study findings. Pacemaker implantation carries risks of infection, lead issues, or abnormal pacing responses.
Cardiac Arrhythmia
This document discusses heart arrhythmias, which are irregular or abnormal heartbeats. It defines different types of arrhythmias including tachycardia, bradycardia, atrial fibrillation, supraventricular tachycardia, and more. It discusses what causes arrhythmias, risk factors, potential symptoms, diagnostic tests used to evaluate arrhythmias like EKGs, and treatment options. Common treatments include medications, medical procedures, lifestyle changes, and in some cases devices like pacemakers.
Tachyarrhythmias
The document discusses tachyarrhythmias and provides details about various types. It begins by defining tachyarrhythmia as an abnormal cardiac rhythm with a heart rate over 100 beats per minute. There are three main causes of tachyarrhythmia: abnormal automaticity, triggered activity, and re-entry. Several types of tachyarrhythmia are then described in detail, including sinus tachycardia, atrial tachycardia, ventricular ectopic beats, and supraventricular tachyarrhythmias. Diagnosis involves analyzing features of the electrocardiogram such as heart rate, rhythm, QRS width, and P wave morphology.
If you feel irregular heart beats, this is what it could mean
Arrhythmia is a disorder of the heart pulse or heart rhythm such as beating too fast (tachycardia) or beating too slow (bradycardia), or irregular heartbeat. Premature or extra beats are the most common type of arrhythmia. This usually feels like a fluttering in the chest or a feeling of a skipped heartbeat.
Cardiac dysrhythmia
This document discusses dysrhythmias, which are disorders of the heart's electrical conduction or rhythm. Dysrhythmias can be diagnosed by electrocardiogram and may cause changes in blood pressure or pumping of the heart. Common types of dysrhythmias discussed include normal sinus rhythm, sinus bradycardia, sinus tachycardia, premature atrial complexes, atrial flutter, and atrial fibrillation. Nursing management focuses on treating the underlying cause, controlling heart rate, and preventing complications like stroke.
Cardiac arrythmia in children
This document discusses pediatric cardiac arrhythmias. Some key points:
- Arrhythmias are classified based on site of origin such as the sinus node, atria, AV node or ventricles. Common arrhythmias include sinus tachycardia, supraventricular tachycardia, and ventricular tachycardia.
- Presentation of arrhythmias in children varies by age. Neonates may experience atrial flutter or ectopic atrial tachycardia. Older children may experience WPW syndrome or AV nodal re-entrant tachycardia.
- Diagnosis involves analyzing the ECG for heart rate, QRS width, and P wave relationship to the
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heart block presentation (1)
- 1. DESIGNED BY ...RAVI JANGID
- 2. Introduction The rate and rhythm of the heart are controlled by the SA node. the normal cardiac rhythm is termed sinoatrial or sinus rhythm. Disturbances of cardiac rhythm are related to these basic properties: abnormalities of impulse formation (automaticity), abnormalities of impulse conduction (conductivity), or both Atrioventricular (AV) blocK is an interruption or delay of electrical conduction from the atria to the ventricles due to conduction system abnormalities in the AV node or the His-Purkinje system. Conduction delay or block can be physiologic if the atrial rate is abnormally fast or pathologic at normal atrial rates.
- 9. TYPE OF HEART BLOCKS First-degree heart block when the electrical impulse moves through the heart’s AV node more slowly than normal. This usually results in a slower heart rate. The condition may cause dizziness or lightheadedness, or it may cause no symptoms at all. ITS NOT REQIRE specific treatment side effct cause FDH Digitalis: This medication is slow down the heart rate. If it’s taken in high dosages or for a long period, digitalis can cause first-degree heart block. Beta blockers: These drugs inhibit the part of the nervous system that speeds up the heart. This can have the side effect of delaying electrical conduction within the heart which can cause first-degree heart block. Calcium channel blockers: calcium channel blockers can slow down the conduction within the heart’s AV node, resulting in first-degree heart block.
- 10. Second-degree heart block occurs when electrical signals from the heart’s upper chambers (atria) don’t reach the ventricles This can result in “dropped beats. Symptoms of sdh Chest pain, fainting, heart palpation,breathing difficulty ,rapid breathing ,fatique Have 2 type Type 1: may not cause noticeable symptoms. Daily pulse checks on your own may also be advised. Type 2: the heart doesn’t beat effectively. It impacts the heart’s ability to pump blood throughout the body. Often, a pacemaker is necessary to ensure that the heart will continue to beat regularly and efficiently.
- 12. Third-degree heart block complete, heart block means that electrical signals can’t pass at all from the heart’s upper chambers (atria) to its lower chambers (ventricles). In the absence of electrical impulses from the sinoatrial node, the ventricles will still contract and pump blood, but at a slower rate than usual. With third-degree heart block, the heart does not contract properly, and it can’t pump blood out to the body effectively. Symptoms same as type 2
- 14. TREATMENT SA NODE dysfunction is pacemaker implantation. Risk of atrial fibrillation is greatly reduced when a physiologic (atrial or atrial and ventricular) pacemaker rather than a ventricular pacemaker is used. Newer dual chamber pacemakers that minimize ventricular pacing may further reduce risk of AF.
- 15. When medications do not work to correct or control atrial fibrillation, or when medications are not tolerated, a procedure may be necessary to treat the abnormalheart rhythm, such as: electrical cardioversion, pulmonary vein antrum isolation procedure, ablation of the AV node followed by pacemaker placement,
- 16. Medications that can cause LQTS(long qt syndrome medications can cause LQTS, Antihistamines Diuretics (such as potassium or sodium) Antiarrhythmic medicines (meds that regulate heartbeat) Antidepressant and antipsychotic medicines Cholesterol-lowering Symptoms of LQts Fainting (syncope) Fluttering in the chest Abnormal heart rate or rhythm (arrhythmi Treatment for LQTS Treatment options for LQTS include: Medications, such as beta blockers Surgical procedures Implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) or pacemaker