effective risk management systems can best be achieved in an atmosphere of trust.
Successful risk management provides assurance that the organisation’s objectives will be
achieved within an acceptable degree of residual risk.13 It also creates an environment in which
quality improvement occurs as the natural consequence of the identification, assessment and
elimination or minimisation of risk. Risk management can therefore also be considered as an
aspect of the organisation’s ongoing continuous quality improvement program.
Risk Management Training Slides.
Slides prepared based on "The Healthcare Quality Handbook" by Janet A Brown. Very useful health care quality reference for CPHQ exam preparation. For more slides, contact ckmujeeb@hotmail.com
Risk Management has been a valuable and essential subject in projects and financial businesses but it is new to health care management. This presentation will help you understanding basics of Risk Managment.
Risk Management Training Slides.
Slides prepared based on "The Healthcare Quality Handbook" by Janet A Brown. Very useful health care quality reference for CPHQ exam preparation. For more slides, contact ckmujeeb@hotmail.com
Risk Management has been a valuable and essential subject in projects and financial businesses but it is new to health care management. This presentation will help you understanding basics of Risk Managment.
An Orientation to quality and patient safety for new hire in health care faci...kiran
An introduction to quality and patient safety for new employees in health care with basic concepts on quality and patient safety that every new hire must know.
Simple and Safe Approaches Towards Patient SafetyEhi Iden
A conference presentation on simple approaches and steps in achieving and managing patient safety in health. It talks about team approach, mutual support, just system, leadership commitment, complications of blame game and case study of the popular Kimberly Hiatt story.
An introductory overview of the basic concepts of Healthcare Quality, a starter for beginners.
Prepared in 2014 for the new staff of the Quality Management Department in King Saud University Medical City in Riyadh as a part of their capacity building plan.
Acknowledgments:
*Dr. Magdy Gamal Yousef, MBBCh, MS, CPHQ - for his contribution in the scientific content
**Ms. Maram Baksh, MS, CPHQ - for the design of the full HCQ capacity building plan in KSUMC
patient safety and staff Management system ppt.pptxanjalatchi
Patient Safety is a health care discipline that emerged with the evolving complexity in health care systems and the resulting rise of patient harm in health care facilities. It aims to prevent and reduce risks, errors and harm that occur to patients during provision of health care.
This presentation was given at the 10th Canadian Quality Congress, Vancouver, September 2018. The author suggests the applicability and usefulness of enterprise risk management to healthcare and proposes the bow tie methodology as a proactive barrier-based risk management tool valid for enterprise risk management implementation in healthcare.
Abstract
Key Features
Assessment
Introduction
Measures
Figure 1. This is the Risk Assessment Matrix Chart on the basis of the overall scenario
(continued)
Discussion
Figure1. The overall scenario of Risk management analysis on basis of survey and guidelines :
Safety of Risk Management
Risk management is an activity which integrates recognition of risk, risk assessment, developing strategies to manage it, and mitigation of risk using managerial resources. Some traditional risk managements are focused on risks stemming from physical or legal causes (e.g. natural disasters or fires, accidents, death).
Financial risk management, on the other hand, focuses on risks that can be managed using traded financial instruments. Objective of risk management is to reduce different risks related to a pre-selected domain to an acceptable. It may refer to numerous types of threats caused by environment, technology, humans,
organizations and politics. The paper describes the different steps in the risk management process which methods are used in the different steps, and provides some examples for risk and safety management.
The risk management steps are:
1. Establishing goals and context ,
2. Identifying risks,
3. Analysing the identified risks,
4. Assessing or evaluating the risks,
5. Treating or managing the risks,
6. Monitoring and reviewing the risks and the risk environment regularly, and
7. Continuously communicating, consulting with stakeholders and reporting.
Some of the risk management tools are described in (IEC 2008) and (Oehmen 2005).
As per discussed about the overall visualisation of safety risk management we can conclude by the stated figure about the outcome of the risk factor in different zone or field of work .
The common concept in all definitions is uncertainty of outcomes. Where they differ is in how they characterize outcomes. Some describe risk as having only adverse consequences, while others are neutral.
One description of risk is the following: risk refers to the uncertainty that surrounds future events and outcomes. It is the expression of the likelihood and impact of an event with the potential to influence the achievement of an organization's objectives.
The phrase "the expression of the likelihood and impact of an event" implies that, as a minimum, some form of quantitative or qualitative analysis is required for making decisions
concerning major risks or threats to the achievement of an organization's objectives. For each risk, two calculations are required: its likelihood or probability; and the extent of the impact or consequences.
Establish goals and context:- The purpose of this stage of planning enables to understand the environment in which the
respective organization operates, that means to thoroughly understand the external environment and the internal culture of the organization.
Identify the risks :- Using the information gained from the context, particularly as cat.
An Orientation to quality and patient safety for new hire in health care faci...kiran
An introduction to quality and patient safety for new employees in health care with basic concepts on quality and patient safety that every new hire must know.
Simple and Safe Approaches Towards Patient SafetyEhi Iden
A conference presentation on simple approaches and steps in achieving and managing patient safety in health. It talks about team approach, mutual support, just system, leadership commitment, complications of blame game and case study of the popular Kimberly Hiatt story.
An introductory overview of the basic concepts of Healthcare Quality, a starter for beginners.
Prepared in 2014 for the new staff of the Quality Management Department in King Saud University Medical City in Riyadh as a part of their capacity building plan.
Acknowledgments:
*Dr. Magdy Gamal Yousef, MBBCh, MS, CPHQ - for his contribution in the scientific content
**Ms. Maram Baksh, MS, CPHQ - for the design of the full HCQ capacity building plan in KSUMC
patient safety and staff Management system ppt.pptxanjalatchi
Patient Safety is a health care discipline that emerged with the evolving complexity in health care systems and the resulting rise of patient harm in health care facilities. It aims to prevent and reduce risks, errors and harm that occur to patients during provision of health care.
This presentation was given at the 10th Canadian Quality Congress, Vancouver, September 2018. The author suggests the applicability and usefulness of enterprise risk management to healthcare and proposes the bow tie methodology as a proactive barrier-based risk management tool valid for enterprise risk management implementation in healthcare.
Abstract
Key Features
Assessment
Introduction
Measures
Figure 1. This is the Risk Assessment Matrix Chart on the basis of the overall scenario
(continued)
Discussion
Figure1. The overall scenario of Risk management analysis on basis of survey and guidelines :
Safety of Risk Management
Risk management is an activity which integrates recognition of risk, risk assessment, developing strategies to manage it, and mitigation of risk using managerial resources. Some traditional risk managements are focused on risks stemming from physical or legal causes (e.g. natural disasters or fires, accidents, death).
Financial risk management, on the other hand, focuses on risks that can be managed using traded financial instruments. Objective of risk management is to reduce different risks related to a pre-selected domain to an acceptable. It may refer to numerous types of threats caused by environment, technology, humans,
organizations and politics. The paper describes the different steps in the risk management process which methods are used in the different steps, and provides some examples for risk and safety management.
The risk management steps are:
1. Establishing goals and context ,
2. Identifying risks,
3. Analysing the identified risks,
4. Assessing or evaluating the risks,
5. Treating or managing the risks,
6. Monitoring and reviewing the risks and the risk environment regularly, and
7. Continuously communicating, consulting with stakeholders and reporting.
Some of the risk management tools are described in (IEC 2008) and (Oehmen 2005).
As per discussed about the overall visualisation of safety risk management we can conclude by the stated figure about the outcome of the risk factor in different zone or field of work .
The common concept in all definitions is uncertainty of outcomes. Where they differ is in how they characterize outcomes. Some describe risk as having only adverse consequences, while others are neutral.
One description of risk is the following: risk refers to the uncertainty that surrounds future events and outcomes. It is the expression of the likelihood and impact of an event with the potential to influence the achievement of an organization's objectives.
The phrase "the expression of the likelihood and impact of an event" implies that, as a minimum, some form of quantitative or qualitative analysis is required for making decisions
concerning major risks or threats to the achievement of an organization's objectives. For each risk, two calculations are required: its likelihood or probability; and the extent of the impact or consequences.
Establish goals and context:- The purpose of this stage of planning enables to understand the environment in which the
respective organization operates, that means to thoroughly understand the external environment and the internal culture of the organization.
Identify the risks :- Using the information gained from the context, particularly as cat.
CHAPTER 7 Risk Assessment, Security Surveys, and PlanningLEARNIN.docxchristinemaritza
CHAPTER 7 Risk Assessment, Security Surveys, and Planning
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
After completing this chapter, the reader should be able to
· ■ define risk and risk assessment.
· ■ list and describe five distinct types of risk that threaten individuals and organizations.
· ■ discuss management techniques associated with risk elimination, reduction, and mitigation.
· ■ evaluate risks to determine vulnerability, probability, and criticality of loss.
· ■ conduct a risk assessment utilizing subjective as well as objective measurements.
· ■ conduct a security survey.
· ■ analyze needs identified through a risk assessment.
· ■ develop appropriate courses of action to eliminate, reduce, or mitigate risks identified in a risk assessment.
· ■ discuss the importance of the budget process.
· ■ demonstrate knowledge of crime prevention through environmental design.
· ■ demonstrate knowledge of emergency planning.
INTRODUCTION
A major focus for security management is the concept of risk. Subjective information as well as objective measurement instruments (such as a security survey) are used in an essential first step of a planning process designed to identify and assess the threat posed by each risk source. As the planning process proceeds, security personnel make recommendations and determine the financial impact of any potential risk mitigation strategy. Planning activities also involve preparation for emergency situations and consideration of anticrime measures available through environmental manipulation.
THE CONCEPT OF RISK
Risk Defined
Risk may be defined as the possibility of suffering harm or loss, exposure to the probability of loss or damage, an element of uncertainty, or the possibility that results of an action may not be consistent with the planned or expected outcomes. A decision maker evaluates risk conditions to predict or estimate the likelihood of certain outcomes. From a security perspective, risk management is defined as the process involved in the anticipation, recognition, and appraisal of a risk and the initiation of action to eliminate the risk entirely or reduce the threat of harm to an acceptable level. A risk involves a known or foreseeable threat to an organization’s assets: people, property, information, or reputation. Risk cannot be totally eliminated. However, effective loss prevention programs can reduce risk and its impact to the lowest possible level. An effective risk management program can maximize asset protection while minimizing protection costs (Fay, 2000; Fischer & Janoski, 2000; Kovacich & Halibozek, 2003; Robbins & Coulter, 2009; Simonsen, 1998; Sweet, 2006).
Types of Risk
Generally, risk is associated with natural phenomena or threats created by human agents. Natural risks arise from earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, floods, and storms. Risks created by human beings include acts or failures to act that lead to crime, accidents, or environmental disaster. As many as five distinct types of risk threaten individuals a ...
MODULE 1:
Definition of Risk and uncertainty- Classification of Risk, Sources of Risk-external and internal. Risk Management-nature, risk analysis, planning, control and transfer of risk, Administration of properties of an enterprise, provision of adequate security arrangements. Interface between Risk and Insurance- Risk identification, evaluation and management techniques, Risk avoidance, Retention and transfer, Selecti9on and implementation of Techniques. Various terminology, perils, clauses and risk covers.
This is the brief manual for Risk Assessments (HIRA – Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment) to guide through significant and benefits of HIRA. This is an important step to ensure OSHA compliance. It helps in identification of risks and creation of exercises, training programs, and plans based on the most likely scenarios.
Construction Safety Training_Session 10_Risk Assessment, Hierarchy of Control...Muizz Anibire
Learning Objectives
Describe the risk assessment process.
Carry out risk assessment studies of construction tasks.
Highlight control measures for identified risks.
Understand Methods Statement as a part of the risk assessment process.
Session 02 Risk Assessment Program for YSP_The Risk Assessment ProcessMuizz Anibire
Program Objectives
In light of industrialization trends across the globe, new hazards are constantly introduced in many workplaces. This program aims to provide Young Safety Professionals (YSPs) from diverse backgrounds with the requisite skill to address the health and safety hazards in the modern workplace.
Credentialing refers to the process of collection and verification of the evidences of credentials of a doctor who is to be given the responsibility of
treating patients in the hospital. The process
ensures the authenticity of the details provided
by the healthcare practitioner or doctor.
All of us aspire to work for leaders who truly value our input. We’re looking for a “speak-up culture”—the kind of workplace where we feel welcome and included, free to express our views and opinions, and confident that our ideas will be heard and recognized. But it’s not just employees who benefit from this kind of workplace culture. So do employers and shareholders.
One of the key worries of any organization is how to retain employees, more so the deserving employees. Not just that it is a setback but also the company has to start afresh with hiring new talent, grooming and nurturing them. A lot has been written on effective employee retention strategy in scores of management books but you would not know what might work for your organization.
Here are some of the easiest to adopt employee retention ideas that will work irrespective of the size of the organization. These effective employee retention strategies should be a part of the HR module and one shouldn’t just wait for some resignations to put them in practice.
The practice of anesthesia and sedation continues to expand beyond the operating room and now includes the gastroenterology suite, magnetic resonance imaging suites, and the cardiac catheterization laboratory. Non-anesthesiologists frequently administer sedation, in part because of a lack of available anesthesiologists and economic aspect, which emphasizes the safety of sedation. The Joint Commission International (JCI) set a standard responding to this issue indicating that qualified individuals who have drug and monitoring knowledge as well as airway management skills can only administer sedating agents.
oint Commission International Accreditation Standards for Hospitals, 6th Edition, provides the basis for accreditation of hospitals throughout the world. Joint Commission International (JCI) standards define the performance expectations, structures, and functions that must be in place for a hospital to be accredited by JCI. The standards are divided into two main sections: 1) patient-centered care and 2) health care organization management.
Clinical practice guidelines are “systematically developed statements to assist practitioner and patient decisions about appropriate health care for specific clinical circumstances.”They are intended to offer concise instructions on how to provide healthcare services.The most important benefit of clinical practice guidelines is their potential to improve both the quality or process of care and patient outcomes. Increasingly, clinicians and clinical managers must choose from numerous, sometimes differing, and occasionally contradictory, guidelines.
Joint Commission International 6th Edition standards interpretation FAQ'sJoven Botin Bilbao
Joint Commission International (JCI) works to improve patient safety and quality of health care in the international community by offering education, publications, advisory services, and international accreditation and certification.
Patient Experience Defined. Patient experience encompasses the range of interactions that patients have with the health care system, including their care from health plans, and from doctors, nurses, and staff in hospitals, physician practices, and other health care facilities.
Safety Facility Management
Protecting the safety of our employees and the environment is a core value within Facilities Management. We will not be satisfied until our workplaces are safe from hazards, our employees are injury-free, our services are safe, and our commitment and record of protecting the environment are unmatched.
A Key Performance Indicator (KPI) is a measurable value that demonstrates how effectively a company is achieving key business objectives. Organizations use key performance indicators at multiple levels to evaluate their success at reaching targets
A standard is a statement of excellence, or an explicit predetermined expectation that defines the key functions, activities, processes and structures required for healthcare facilities to assure the provision of safe and quality care and services.
Standards are developed by peer experts in the field and it is against the standards that conformity of the healthcare facility is evaluated. Simply stated, the standard describes a healthcare facility’s acceptable performance level. Broadly speaking, CBAHI’s standards are of three major types depending on which area they are addressing.
We all understand why improvement and a focus on excellence are important, so what we need is a method to use to help with our improvement efforts.FOCUS-PDCA is an improvement methodology that many organizations use to guide their improvement efforts. It’s simply a formalized process for improvement.
The seven basic tools of quality is a designation given to a fixed set of graphical techniques identified as being most helpful in troubleshooting issues related to quality.They are called basic because they are suitable for people with little formal training in statistics and because they can be used to solve the vast majority of quality-related issues.
International Patient Safety Goals (IPSG) help accredited organizations address specific areas of concern in some of the most problematic areas of patient safety.
International-Patient-Safety-GoalsGoal 1: Identify patients correctly
Goal 2: Improve effective communication
Goal 3: Improve the safety of high-alert medications
Goal 4: Ensure safe surgery
Goal 5: Reduce the risk of health care-associated infections
Goal 6: Reduce the risk of patient harm resulting from falls
Training needs analysis is the initial step in a cyclical process which contributes to the overall training and educational strategy of staff in an organisation or a professional group. The cycle commences with a systematic consultation to identify the learning needs of the population considered, followed by course planning, delivery and evaluation. Although much has been written about training needs analysis in relation to post-registration nursing education, there is disagreement concerning its impact on the training cycle and its potential to influence service delivery.
The Team Member and Guest Experience - Lead and Take Care of your restaurant team. They are the people closest to and delivering Hospitality to your paying Guests!
Make the call, and we can assist you.
408-784-7371
Foodservice Consulting + Design
Modern Database Management 12th Global Edition by Hoffer solution manual.docxssuserf63bd7
https://qidiantiku.com/solution-manual-for-modern-database-management-12th-global-edition-by-hoffer.shtml
name:Solution manual for Modern Database Management 12th Global Edition by Hoffer
Edition:12th Global Edition
author:by Hoffer
ISBN:ISBN 10: 0133544613 / ISBN 13: 9780133544619
type:solution manual
format:word/zip
All chapter include
Focusing on what leading database practitioners say are the most important aspects to database development, Modern Database Management presents sound pedagogy, and topics that are critical for the practical success of database professionals. The 12th Edition further facilitates learning with illustrations that clarify important concepts and new media resources that make some of the more challenging material more engaging. Also included are general updates and expanded material in the areas undergoing rapid change due to improved managerial practices, database design tools and methodologies, and database technology.
Artificial intelligence (AI) offers new opportunities to radically reinvent the way we do business. This study explores how CEOs and top decision makers around the world are responding to the transformative potential of AI.
Oprah Winfrey: A Leader in Media, Philanthropy, and Empowerment | CIO Women M...CIOWomenMagazine
This person is none other than Oprah Winfrey, a highly influential figure whose impact extends beyond television. This article will delve into the remarkable life and lasting legacy of Oprah. Her story serves as a reminder of the importance of perseverance, compassion, and firm determination.
Oprah Winfrey: A Leader in Media, Philanthropy, and Empowerment | CIO Women M...
Healthcare Risk Management
1. Risk Management in Health Care
Mr. Joven Botin Bilbao
Deputy Chief Nursing Officer- Al Hayat National Hospital
Corporate Accreditation and Clinical Educator–Al Inma Medical Services
2. Introduction
Risk management activities were inducted into the health care industry in response to the
growing national malpractice insurance costs. As of the 1970’s, the risk management
function was essentially comprised of Quality Assurance nurses performing incident report
and trending in acute care hospitals, but there was little to no proactive prevention of control
activities.
Risk management is defined as the systematic process of identifying, evaluating, and
addressing potential and actual risk . Generally speaking, risk management is the process to
protect the assets and minimize financial loss to the organization. Managing risk is a
proactive function. It is taking action to reduce the frequency and severity of unexpected
incidents, reduce the impact of legal claims, and promote high reliability performance,
system design, and the uniqueness of each patient exposes the organization to the potential
for liability.
Risk management should be a common thread throughout the entire organization. It is
recommended that each employee and volunteer should be charged with risk management. A
designated person appointed as Risk Manager should be responsible for integrating all
components of the program. In hospitals, this is typically the Risk Manager, in inpatient
settings, it could be Quality Manger. In outpatient settings, it is frequently the Head Nurse or
Office Manager.
3. Scope of the Risk Management
Risk Management can be Beneficial in the Following Contexts:
1. Enterprise Risk Management (ERM): Comprehensive risk management of the
organization from top down including financial and business viability.
2. Patient care (Clinical)
3. Medical staff (Such as; credentialing, privileging, job description, employee
insurance, trainings, medical coverage)
4. Non-medical staff (Such as; job description, training, medical coverage)
5. Financial (Budgeting, cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness analysis, insurance
coverage)
6. Managerial (Such as; organogram, Job descriptions, delegation of work)
7. Project risk management (Such as scope, time, cost, human resources, operational,
procedural, technical, natural and political)
8. Facility Management and safety (Such as building safety, security of the facility,
hazardous materials and waste disposals (HAZMAT), emergencies internal and
external, fire safety, medical equipment maintenance plan and maintenance plan for
each of the utility system.
4. Key Concepts in Risk Management
Risk management for healthcare
entities can be defined as an
organized effort to identify, assess,
and reduce, where appropriate, risk to
patients, visitors, staff and
organizational assets. Risk
management in its best form may be
to use it in a pro-active manner in
identifying and managing the risks.
However in case an incident has
happened; after the event handling, it
should still be tackled in line with the
risk management principles as
outlined. This review provides a
concise material in risk management
for healthcare professionals to quickly
grasp the key concepts in risk
management and implement them in
the healthcare organizations where
they work.
5. Five Basic Steps of Risk Management
The five basic steps of risk management are :
Step 1: Establish the context
Step 2: Identify risks
Step 3: Analyze risks
Step 4: Evaluate risks
Step 5: Treat/Manage Risks
6. Step 1: Establish the Context
Context is very important in risk
identification and management. ICU
(Intensive care unit), O.R (Operation
room), E.R (Emergency room), blood
transfusion services, CCU (coronary
care unit), medication management
including medication administration
are contextually high priority areas for
risk management in relation to patient
care.
7. Step 2: Identify Risks
Risk identification is the process whereby the healthcare
professional and the healthcare employees become aware of the risks
in the health care services and environment. The risks identified are
entered in the Risk Management Tool (RMT) as depicted in Figure
below , also sometimes known as the Risk Register.
8. Step 2: Identify risks (Cont.)
Sources of risk identification
a. Discussions with department chiefs, managers and staff
b. Patient Tracer Activity (Tracing the journey of a patient from admission till
discharge)
c. Retrospective screening of patient records
d. Reports of accreditation bodies e. Incident reporting system & sentinel
events
e. Healthcare associated infections (HAI) reports
f. Executive committee reports
g. Facility management & safety committee report i. Patient complaints and
satisfaction survey results
h. Specialized committee reports (such as Morbidity and mortality committee,
medication management and use, Infection control, blood utilization, facility
management and safety committee).
9. Step 3: Analyze risks
Risk analysis is about developing an understanding of the risks identified. It
includes the following:
a. Level of the risk or Risk score
b. Underlying causes
c. Existing control measures
Existing controls: When examining the existing control measures, consideration
should be given to their adequacy, method of implementation and level of
effectiveness in minimizing risk to the lowest reasonably practicable level. These
include all measures put in place to eliminate or reduce the risk and may include:
d. Policies, procedures, protocols, guidelines
e. Alarms and beeps
f. Engineering controls
g. Insurance coverage programs
h. Code teams
i. Trainings
j. Emergency arrangements
k. Preventative maintenance controls
10. Root Cause Analysis (RCA)
represents a systematic
approach to identifying the
underlying causes of adverse
occurrences so that effective
steps can be taken to modify
processes and prevent future
losses. Brain storming with a
team of relevant and informed
people still remains the best
method to do Root cause
analysis. An example of Root
cause analysis (event already
happened).
Step 3: Analyze risks ( Cont.)
11. Step 4: Evaluate risks
Risk score is calculated by multiplying the likelihood score with the severity of
impact score as below
Likelihood scoring is based on the expertise, knowledge and actual experience of
the group scoring the likelihood. In assessing likelihood, it is important to consider
the nature of the risk. Risks are assessed on the probability of future occurrence;
how likely is the risk to occur? How frequently has this occurred? A guide to
likelihood scoring is presented below:
12. It should be noted that in assessing risk, the likelihood of a particular risk materializing
depends upon the effectiveness of existing controls. Consideration should be given to the
number and robustness of existing controls in place, with evidence available to support this
assessment. Generally the higher the degree of controls in place, the lower the likelihood.
The assessment of likelihood of a risk occurring is assigned a number from 1–5, with 1
indicating that there is a remote possibility of its occurring and 5 indicating that it is almost
certain to occur.
Severity of impact indicates the impact of harm to service users, employees, service
provision, environment or the organization. The scoring ranges from 1 (Negligible impact)
to 5 (Extreme impact) as depicted in Table below:
Step 4: Evaluate risks ( Cont.)
13. Step 4: Evaluate risks ( Cont.)
One of the ways in which impact grades can be defined is the severity of the injury as
in Table below.
In the above example Risk score (R) of 12 has been classified as medium risk based
on the following cut-off values
14. Evaluate risks: The purpose of
risk evaluation is to prioritize
the risks based on risk analysis
score and to decide which risks
require treatment and the
mode of treatment.
Accepting the Risk: Accepting a
risk does not imply that the risk
is insignificant. Risks in a
service may be accepted for a
number of reasons: The level of
the risk is so low that specific
treatment is not appropriate
within available resources.
Step 4: Evaluate risks ( Cont.)
15. Step 5: Treat/Manage Risks (Cont.)
Risk Treatment: (Also known as Risk reduction, Risk mitigation): The
decisions in risk treatment should be consistent with the defined internal,
external and risk management contexts and taking account of the service
objectives and goals. Risk treatment plan should have:
• Proposed actions
• Resource requirements
• Person/s responsible for action
• Timeframes (Dates for actions to be completed and date for
review.)
16. Step 5: Treat/Manage Risks ( Cont.)
Controlling the Risk: The most effective methods of risk control are
those which redesign the systems and processes so that the potential
for an adverse outcome is reduced. Other methods of controlling the
risk include reducing the likelihood of the risk and/or reducing the
severity of the impact of the risk.
Reduce the Likelihood of the risk occurring - e.g. by preventative
maintenance, audit & compliance programs, supervision, policies and
procedures, testing, training of staff, technical controls and quality
assurance programs.
Reduce the Severity of Impact of the risk occurring - through contingency
planning (contingency plan is a back-up plan in case the identified risk
actually takes place), disaster recovery plans, off-site back-up, emergency
procedures, staff training, etc.
17. Step 5: Treat/Manage Risks ( Cont.)
Transferring the risk: Transferring the risk involves another party
bearing or sharing some part of the risk through contractual terms,
insurance, outsourcing, joint ventures, etc.
Avoiding the risk: This is achieved by either deciding not to proceed
with the activity that contains an unacceptable risk, choosing an
alternate more acceptable activity.
18. Step 5: Treat/Manage Risks ( Cont.)
Monitor & Review: Once the risk management is in place, monitoring and
reviewing of the process/system which was taken care of, is an integral part of the
risk management cycle. Monitoring and Reviewing utilizes the following sources
of information.
• Incident reporting
• Clinical Audit indicators
• Patient Tracers
• Safety rounds
• Patient complains
• Satisfaction survey
• Staff complains
Medical records Residual Risk: Residual risk is the risk that remains after we apply
controls. It’s not always feasible to eliminate all the risks. Instead, we take steps to
reduce the risk to an acceptable level. The risk that’s left is residual risk.
Residual Risk = Total Risk - Controls
19. Challenges of Risk Management
Risk management in healthcare is done by organizations which are conscious of the fact that
healthcare interface poses risk. Organizations actively pursuing risk management are
therefore a step higher in the ladder in ensuring safety of services and striving for quality of
care as compared to the organizations that don’t. Risk management is advanced and pro-
active methodology of tackling healthcare risks; however it is challenging the following
sense:
• Leadership commitment for ensuring risk management.
• Risks are proactively identified and prioritized
• Risks are not ignored
• Pro-active involvement of the risk management team with the employees and
processes
• Expertise availability in the team
• Resources for risk treatment/mitigation adequate g
• Change in the process/system is accepted when indicated
• Monitoring and control systems are in place
20. References
• World Health Organization [Internet]. 10 facts on patient safety, 2014. [updated 2014 Jun; cited 2016
Jan 15]. Available from: http://www. who.int/features/factfiles/patient_safety/en/.
• Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality [Internet]. National healthcare disparities report 2013. [cited
2016 Jan 15]. Available from: http://www.ahrq.gov/research/findings/nhqrdr/nhdr13/chap4.html.
• Institute for healthcare improvement [Internet]. Patient safety. [cited 2016 Jan 16]. Available from:
http://www.ihi.org/PatientSafety.
• Risk Management Handbook for Health Care Organizations, accessed on 28th March 2016 from;
http://sites.tums.ac.ir/superusers/111/Gallery/20120206075323Rick%20Management.pdf.
• Risk Assessment Tool and Guidance - Health Service Executive. [cited 2016 Mar 28]. Available from:
https://www.hse.ie/eng/about/Who/qualityandpatientsafety/resourcesintelligence/Quality_and_Patient_
SafetyDocuments/riskoctober.pdf.