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hashimoto.pptx
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- 2. Introduction Hashimoto's thyroiditis isa prevalent reason for hypothyroidism and is characterized as an autoimmune ailment. This condition involves the body's immune system attacking the thyroid gland tissue, leading to inflammation of the gland (thyroiditis). The thyroid gland is an endocrine gland that secretes thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), which play vital roles in regulating basic metabolic rate, protein synthesis, and other bodily functions. This condition was named after Dr. Hakaru Hashimoto, who first described it in 1912. Presentation title 2
- 3. Epideiolog y In the UnitedStates, Hashimoto's thyroiditis is the leading cause of hypothyroidism. It is an autoimmune disease with an estimated prevalence in pediatrics of 1–2%. It occurs more often in women than in men, which may be related to hormonal factors.
- 4. Causes Hashimoto's thyroiditis iscategorized as an autoimmune disorder, wherein the body mistakenly perceives the thyroid gland as foreign tissue and attacks it. The root cause of this autoimmune reaction is yet to be determined, although it is known to run in families. This condition predominantly affects women, with a prevalence rate that is 5 to 10 times higher than men, and usually develops in adulthood. Those diagnosed with Hashimoto's thyroiditis typically exhibit elevated levels of antibodies against thyroid- specific proteins, such as thyroperoxidase and thyroglobulin, in their blood samples. Presentation title 4
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- 6. Signs & Symptoms •The signs and symptoms of Hashimoto's thyroiditis are similar to those of hypothyroidism and tend to be mild and non-specific, making them easily mistaken for signs of aging or other medical conditions. As the condition progresses, symptoms become more apparent. The majority of complaints reported by patients are related to a decrease in metabolic activity in the body. 6
- 7. • Common symptomsand signs of Hashimoto's thyroiditis include: – Fatigue – Depression – Modest weight gain – Cold intolerance – Excessive sleepiness – Dry, coarse hair – Constipation – Dry skin – Muscle cramps • – Increased cholesterol levels – Decreased concentration – Vague aches and pain – Swelling of legs • As hypothyroidism becomes more severe, there may be: – puffiness around the eyes, – a slowing of the heart rate, – a drop in body temperature, – and heart failure. • Severe hypothyroidism can potentially result in myxedema coma, a life-threatening condition that requires immediate hospitalization and treatment with thyroid hormone. If left untreated, hypothyroidism can lead to several complications, including cardiomyopathy (enlarged heart), worsening heart failure, as well as pleural or pericardial effusions (fluid buildup around the lungs or heart, respectively). Presentation title 7
- 8. Individuals diagnosed withHashimoto's thyroiditis may initially undergo a hyperthyroid phase, known as hashitoxicosis, in which an excessive amount of thyroid hormone is released due to the destruction of the gland. Other symptoms may include swelling of the thyroid gland and difficulty in swallowing solids or liquids.
- 9. Diagnosis To diagnose Hashimoto'sthyroiditis, a physician typically evaluates the patient's symptoms and complaints, which are usually indicative of hypothyroidism. They also conduct a thorough examination of the neck to check for any enlargement of the thyroid gland and take a detailed family history. Blood tests are essential for diagnosing this condition. In cases of chronic hypothyroidism, thyroid hormone levels decrease, leading to an increase in the level of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) 9
- 10. Treatment Unfortunately, there iscurrently no known cure for Hashimoto's thyroiditis. However, the symptoms caused by the absolute or relative lack of hormones as a result of the condition can be alleviated through thyroid hormone replacement medication, which replaces the hormones that the thyroid produced before the inflammation began. Synthetic T4 or thyroxine (levothyroxine) is typically the preferred treatment for Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and common brand names for this medication include Synthroid, Levothroid, and Levoxyl. The dosage of levothyroxine may need to be adjusted after yearly TSH level checks. It's important to note that since Hashimoto's thyroiditis is an autoimmune condition where the body attacks its own tissue, there is no known method of prevention. Presentation title 10
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Editor's Notes
- #3 • Hashimoto's thyroiditis is an autoimmune condition that is a common cause of hypothyroidism. • In Hashimoto's thyroiditis, the body mounts an immune reaction against its own thyroid gland tissue, leading to inflammation of the gland (thyroiditis). • Thyroid gland is an endocrine gland. It secretes triiodothyronine (T3 ) and its prohormone, thyroxine (T4 ). • These hormones act on the basic metabolic rate, protein synthesis etc.
- #4 • Hashimoto's thyroiditis is the most common cause of hypothyroidism in the United States. • The condition was named after Dr. Hakaru Hashimoto, the doctor who described it in 1912.
- #5 It is an autoimmune disease, which means that the body inappropriately attacks the thyroid gland - as if it was foreign tissue. • The underlying cause of the autoimmune process remains unknown. • Tends to occur in families. • Hashimoto's thyroiditis is 5 to 10 times more common in women than in men and most often starts in adulthood. • Blood drawn from people with Hashimoto's thyroiditis typically reveals an increased number of antibodies against thyroid-specific proteins, including thyroperoxidase and thyroglobulin.
- #6 It is an autoimmune disease, which means that the body inappropriately attacks the thyroid gland - as if it was foreign tissue. • The underlying cause of the autoimmune process remains unknown. • Tends to occur in families. • Hashimoto's thyroiditis is 5 to 10 times more common in women than in men and most often starts in adulthood. • Blood drawn from people with Hashimoto's thyroiditis typically reveals an increased number of antibodies against thyroid-specific proteins, including thyroperoxidase and thyroglobulin.
- #7 SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS • Symptoms and signs of Hashimoto's thyroiditis resemble those of hypothyroidism generally and are often subtle. • They are not specific (which means they can mimic the symptoms of many other conditions) and are often attributed to aging. • Symptoms generally become more obvious as the condition worsens. • The majority of these complaints are related to a metabolic slowing of the body
- #10 To diagnose Hashimoto's thyroiditis, a physician should assess: – symptoms and complaints commonly seen in hypothyroidism, – carefully examine the neck to look for enlargement of the thyroid gland, – and take a detailed history of family members. • Blood tests are essential to diagnose Hashimoto's thyroiditis. • With chronic hypothyroidism, the thyroid hormone levels fall, and the level of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) becomes high. The most useful assay for determining thyroid status is measurement of TSH in the blood. • The increase in TSH can actually precede the fall of thyroid hormone to low levels by months or years. • So the first sign of hypothyroidism may be an elevated TSH level even when levels of thyroid hormones are normal. • The blood work mentioned above confirms the diagnosis of hypothyroidism, but does not point to an underlying cause. The combination of the patient's clinical history, antibody screening, and a thyroid scan can help diagnose the precise underlying thyroid problem. • The blood tests also usually include an analysis of antibodies (anti-thyroperoxidase antibodies) to aid diagnosis. • If the anti-TPO antibodies are elevated at all, the diagnosis is made.
- #11 There is no known cure for Hashimoto's thyroiditis. • Thyroid hormone medication can replace the hormones the thyroid made before the inflammation started. • Replacing one or both of these hormones can alleviate the symptoms caused by the absolute or relative lack of hormones as a consequence of Hashimoto's thyroiditis. • The treatment of choice for Hashimoto's thyroiditis is typically synthetic T4 or thyroxine (levothyroxine). • Brand names for this medication include Synthroid, Levothroid and Levoxyl. • The dosage of levothyroxine may need to be modified after checking TSH levels once yearly. • Hashimoto's thyroiditis is an autoimmune condition in which the body perceives its own tissue as foreign. There is no known way to prevent this condition
- #12 Most people with Hashimoto’s have some degree of intestinal permeability, and because the mouth is part of the GI tract, they are more prone to oral health issues, including gum disease, dry mouth, cavities, inflammation, and infection. Our teeth, gums, tongue, and throat are so important to our overall health, and this is especially true for people with Hashimoto’s, who are particularly vulnerable to infections. For us, dental procedures, infections, and fillings (just to name a few), could ignite an autoimmune disease!