This document discusses halogens used for disinfection and antisepsis. It focuses on chlorine and iodine, which are the two halogens most commonly used. Chlorine compounds like hypochlorite have been used for over 200 years for disinfection of drinking water and sewage. Iodine exists as a black solid or brown solutions and kills microorganisms at optimal concentrations. Iodine solutions and iodophores, which are iodine complexes, are commonly used as antiseptics before and after surgery.

1. Group Members
Laiba Sarwar
Farrah Naseem
Fatima Saleem
Awishta Safdar
Hijab Fatima

2. INTRODUCTION
 .Halogens are
Fluorine,
Chlorine,
Bromine and
Iodine
Occurrence
Sea water and Salts
State
Ionic and non Ionic
Exert Antimicrobial
activity in non ionic
state
They are highly effective component of disinfectants and antiseptics
because they are Microbicidal not just Microbistatic
Chlorine and Iodine are the two Routinely used Halogens because Bromine
and Fluorine are difficult to handle.

3. CHLORINE AND ITS COMPOUNDS
 .
Chlorine has been used for
disinfection and antiseptics
for 200 years.
Major forms used are
Hypochlorite and
chloramines.
It not only kill Endospores
but also fungi and viruses
Chlorine
compounds are
used for large
scale disinfection
of drinking water
sewage etc.
Hypochlorite are
most extensively
used of all
chlorine
compounds.

4. IODINE AND ITS COMPOUNDS
 .
Iodine is pungent
black chemical that
form brown colored
solution when
dissolved in water or
alcohol
It kills all type of microorganisms if optimum
concentration is used.
2% free iodine and
2.4% sodium
iodide used as
antiseptic before
surgery.

5. IODINE IN SOLUTION
Iodine tincture is 2% solution of
iodine and sodium iodide in 70%
alcohol that can be used as
disinfectant.
Iodine can be extremely irritating
to skin so strong aqueous solution
are avoided.

6. IODOPHORES
 Complexes of Iodine.
 Largely replaced free iodine solution.
 Betadine, Povidone and Iodine are common Iodophore
compounds.
 Used on
 Burns, Ulcers, Surgical scrub,
Disinfecting Surgical Instruments.