1. Antiseptics are antimicrobial substances applied to living tissue to reduce infection and include substances like alcohols, quaternary ammonium compounds, chlorhexidine gluconate, iodine, and phenol. 2. Joseph Lister introduced the use of antiseptics like carbolic acid in surgery in 1867 based on Louis Pasteur's germ theory of disease. 3. Common antiseptics used today include alcohols, quaternary ammonium compounds, boric acid, chlorhexidine gluconate, hydrogen peroxide, iodine, octenidine dihydrochloride, phenol, sodium chloride, and sodium hypochlor

1. ANTISEPTIC MAJID MOHIUDDIN

2. Antiseptic – are antimicrobial substances that are applied to living tissue/skin to reduce the possibility of infection, sepsis, or putrefaction. Antibacterial are antiseptics.

3. Use in surgery: Antiseptic Principle of the Practice of Surgery in 1867 by Joseph Lister. (Carbolic acid) Inspired by Louis Pasteur’s germ theory of putrefaction. Dr. George H Tichenor – was working with use of alcohol on wounds (1861-1863) - Dr. Tichnenor’s Patent Medicine” Ignaz Semmelweis – published – “The cause, Concept and Prophylaxis of childbed Fever” in 1861. (observations since 1847) Florence Nightingale – “The Royal Commission on the Health of the Army (1856-1857)”. Oliver Wendell Holmes – “The Contagiousness of Puerperal Fever” – 1843.

4. COMMON ANTISEPTICS 1. ALCOHOLS: (surgical alcohol) Ethanol (60-90%) 1-Propanol (60-70%) 2- Propanol/isopropanol (70-80%)

5. Alcohols referred as “Surgical alcohol” To disinfect the skin before injections cationic surfactants (benzalkonium chloride 0.05 – 0.5%, Chlorhexidine 0.2 – 4.0% or octenidine dihydrochloride 0.1 -2.0%)

6. 2. QUATERNARY AMMONIUM COMPOUNDS: (Quats or QAC’s) Benzalkonium chloride (BAC) Cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTMB) Cetylpyridinum chloride (Cetrim, CPC) Benzethonium chloride (BZT) (0.05 – 0.5% pre-operative skin disinfectants and antiseptic towels) Inactivated by anionic surfactant – soaps. Cationic surfactants.

7. 3. BORIC ACID For treatment of vagina, eyewashes and antiviral. used in creams for burns. present in eye contact solution.

8. 4. CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE Bignuanidine derivative – 0.5 – 4.0% Skin antiseptic To treat inflammation of the gums (gingivitis). Cationic surfactants.

9. 5. HYDROGEN PEROXIDE 6% to clean and deodorize wounds and ulcers. 1% or 2% solutions for household first aid for scrapes, etc.

10. 6. IODINE Tincture of Iodine or Lugol’s iodine solution pre and post-operative antiseptic Disinfectants Antiseptics

11. 7. OCTENIDINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE A Cationic surfactant and bis- (dihydropyridinyl)- decane derivative 0.1-2.0%. Mucosa and Wound antiseptic. Potentiated with addition of 2- phenoxyethanol.

12. 8. PHENOL (CARBOLIC ACID) COMPOUNDS. Germicide in strong solution inhibitory in weaker ones. used as Scrub powder – antiseptic baby powder Mouthwashes and throat lozenges

13. 9. SODIUM CHLORIDE General cleanser Mouthwash 10. SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE Diluted, neutralized and combined with potassium permanganate in the Daquin’s solution. Now only disinfectant.

14. Thanks MAJID MOHIUDDIN