The document discusses different types of hair colorants including temporary, semi-permanent, and permanent dyes. It describes the ideal qualities of hair dyes such as being non-toxic, imparting stable color, and having a reasonable shelf life. Formulas and descriptions are provided for various hair dye products like powders, lotions, crayons, and liquid dyes that use ingredients like dyestuffs, acids, waxes, and surfactants.

1. Hair Colorant
Dr. Nilesh S. Kulkarni
PES Modern college of Pharmacy (For Ladies)
Moshi Pune

2. Hair color change by dye application is a common procedure among women. Hair dyes are
classified, according to color resistance, into temporary, semipermanent and permanent.
Ideal characteristics of hair dyes:
• Non toxic & non irritant to skin /hairs.
• Impart same color which indicates on its label.
• Easy to apply.
• Have reseanable stability or shelf life.
• Not dermatitics sensitizer.
• The color that imparts to the hair must be stable to air, light, water & shampoo.
HAIR COLORANT
Hair color
•The color of the hair is due to primarily to melanin.
•It is synthesized by melanocytes scattered in the matrix of the bulb and passes into cells of
the cortex and medulla.
•Dark-coloured hair contains mostly true melanin.
•Blond and red hair contain more sulfur.
•Grey hair occurs with a progressive decline in tyrosine, an enzyme necessary for synthesis
of melanin.
•White hair results from accumulation of air bubbles in the medullary shaft.

3. Desirable Qualities of a Hair colorant
•It should impart the same color which it indicates on its label.
•It must color the hairs only and not the skin.
•The color that it imparts to the hair must be stable to air, light, water and shampoo.
•It should be easy to apply.
•It should have reasonable stability or shelf life.
•It should not be toxic to the skin or hair and should not impart the natural gloss and texture of the
hair.
•It should not be allergic and a dermatitis sensitizer.
•It should impart color to the hair in a short contact time.
•Such metals, which includes brasses, bronzes and aluminum , both untreated and anodized in
various colors, it provides metallic effect when applied to hair, mainly used for highlighting.
• Powders, setting lotions, crayons are used for temporary color. Hair spray is used to prevent the
powder ‘brushing-off’ easily.
TEMPORARY COLORANTS
Imparts color to the hair for a short time. • Washed off during 1st shampoo.
It consists of a mixture of a suitable dyestuff with an acid either in powder or liquid
form. 1. Powder product simple mixture of dyestuff with citric/ tartaric acid in a sachet
or capsule. Use: content of package dissolved in 1/2 pint of warm water & solution
poured over the wet hair. Mech: Penetration of color to the hair cuticle not to cortex or
medulla.

4. Triethanolamine 70%
Glycerol
monolaurate
5.5%
Gum Tragacanth 2.5%
Stearic acid 13.5%
Beeswax 5%
Carnauba wax 13.5%
Ozokerite 8%
Color 9.5%
Hair Crayon
p-Phenylenediamine sulfate 11%
p-Aminophenol q.s
m-Phenylenediamine sulfate 15%
4-Chlororesorcinol 10%
Tetra sodium EDTA 1.50%
Erythorbic acid 3%
Carrageenan and Xanthan gum 11%
Sodium lauryl sulfate 11%
Monohydrate sodium perborate 25%
Sodium Chloride q.s
Hair Dye Powder
Water 50.10%
Polyquaternium-10 1.50%
Methyl Paraben 0.15%
Propylene Glycol 2%
Disodium Cocamido
Propionate
15%
Lauramide DEA 2%
Citric acid 0.70%
Lauramide Oxide 5.55%
PEG-5 hydrogenated
tallow amine
4%
Colorant 1%
Temporary Colour-in-Shampoo

5. SEMI- PERMANENT COLORANTS
Gives stronger color to hairs.
• Withstand 6-8 subsequent shampoo.
• It is basic dyestuff of nitro-amino dyes- picramic acid (2,4-dinitro-6-aminophenol) 4-
nitro-1-2-phenylene diamine . Imparts red or yellow color.
• Anthraquinones: gives blue color. 1,4-diamino anthraquinones .
• To achieve optimum dyeing following factors consider,
a) Water solubility
b) The composition of base
c) Effect of pH of the medium
d) Effect on diluting dyes.
Basic dye <1
Cetyl trimethyl ammonium chloride-30% 3
Oleth-20 0.5
Hydroxy propylmethyl cellulose 0.8
Triethanolamine Up to ph 8
Preservative q.s.
Perfume q.s.
Benzyl alcohol 3
Deionised water Up to 100
Liquid Hair Color (Semi-Permanent)

6. Shampoo Hair colourant (Semi-permaent)
Metallized dyes <2
Ammonium lauryl sulfate-30% 10
Oleth-20 0.5
Hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose 0.5
Citric acid 0.3
Preservative q.s
Perfume q.s
Benzyl alcohol 2
PPG-2 butyl ether 2
Deionised water Up to 100

7. Permanent colouring
Used to intensify the natural colour ,
• completely change the colour of hairs
• give a shade near to natural colour of hair.
• It includes, Vegetable dyes
Ex : Henna: it contains powdered leaves of lawsonia alba,L . spinosa , L. inemis .
Henna powder Henna leaves 10 gm Alcohol 44 gm Water 45.8gm Perfumes o.25 g.
2.Metallic hair dyes:
Metal oxies used to dye hairs.
a) Lead dyes: solution of lead acetate & it reduces action of keratin, forms insoluble
lead salts. ∙ Shades depend on concentration of lead used.
Formula Precipited sulphur 1.3 gm Lead acetate 1.6 gm Glycerine 9.6 gm Water 87.5 gm
b) Bismuth dyes:
Bismuth dyes • produce range of color from blond to dark chestnut.
Formula A Bismuth citrate 50 gm Water 50 gm B Sodium thiosulphate 6 gm Water 94 gm
c) Silver dyes:
Silver dyes • The hair 1 st treated with aq. ammonical solution of silver nitrate. • After
that solution of pyrogallol is applied. • A greenish black color is produced

8. Isopropanol 7.5
Oleic acid 22
Coconut
diethanolamide
10
Ammonium(0.880) 6.6
Deionised water q.s. to 100
Base for Oxidation Hair Dye
PPG-2-methyl ether 1.8
Oleic acid 4
Coconut diethanolamide 11
Sodium lauryl ether
sulfate,27%
36
Salt q.s.
Ammonium(0.880) 2
Deionisd water q.s. to 100