This document summarizes the types and evaluation of various baby care products. It discusses baby powders, soaps, shampoos, creams, oils, and lotions. For each product, it provides typical ingredients in formulations and methods for evaluating properties like pH, viscosity, clarity, and microbial contamination. The key objectives in developing baby care products are outlined as using high-quality, non-irritating ingredients that are allergen-free and support the fragile skin of babies.

1. BABY CARE PRODUCTS
by
Nityananda Swamy. J
M. Pharmacy,
(Pharmaceutical analysis)
year-1, semester-II

2. CONTENTS:
• INTRODUCTION
• BABY POWDERS AND EVALUATION
• BABY SOAPS AND EVALUATION
• BABY SHAMPOOS AND EVALUATION
• BABY CREAMS AND EVALUATION
• BABY OILS AND EVALUATION
• BABY LOTIONS AND EVALUATION

3. INTRODUCTION
– Baby care products are defined as the pediatric cosmetics which usually contain
harmless ingredients that make no or therapeutic value and is used more or less to
prevent rather than cure undesirable skin problems.
– Baby Care Products Intended for use on new born babies to children up to 5 years
– Functional rather than decorative
– Criteria for consideration during development
 High quality raw material
 Non-irritant substances
 Allergen free
 pH- skin friendly
 Addition of anti-oxidants, chelating agents, skin barrier protective ingredients.

4. TYPES OF BABY CARE
PRODUCTS
• BABY POWDERS
• BABY SOAPS
• BABY SHAMPOOS
• BABY CREAMS
• BABY OILS
• BABY LOTIONS

5. BABY POWDERS
Uses
• Absorbs moisture
• Prevents from irritation of fragile skin
Ingredients
• Talc(77.90%Wt)
• Starch(20%Wt)
• Zinc oxide(2%Wt)
• Perfume(0.10%Wt)

6. EVALUATION OF BABY POWDERS
1. Determination of matter insoluble in boiling water
• 1g (wetted with spirit) + 200ml water – boiled – filtered – dried at 105⁰c and weighed
2. Test for solubility of colours
• 1g + 50ml water – boiled – filtrate 10ml soln. + 15 ml spirit à(reflex & filtered) colourless/faintly coloured
3. Determination of fineness
• 10g in 150µ sieve – wash with slow stream of running tap water – residue dried & weighed
4. Determination of moisture and volatile matter
• 5g dry in hot air oven at 105⁰c and weighed
5. Determination of pH of aq. Suspension
• 10g + 150ml water – suspension(within 5min) – pH meter

7. BABY SOAPS
– Baby soap shall possess good cleaning and lathering properties, is normally a mixture
of alkali salts of long-chain fatty acids
– Baby soaps are cruelty-free, and contain no animal fats, toxins, preservatives, or dyes.
Gentle, sophisticated and natural, baby soaps are made using quality essential oils,
herbs, fragrances, and other natural ingredients that can gently clean the skin of baby
without irritating or drying it.
– Toxic free and good for baby's skin, these soaps are generally fortified with vitamin E,
saponified olive, palm kernel, coconut, and food-grade vegetable oils. Herbal extracts,
spices, butters, sweet milk, goat's milk and buttermilk can also be found in some of the
baby soaps that makes a luxurious, rich, thick lather, which is dense and perforating,
with character and richness in every soap bar.
– Good quality baby soap should be – gentle, hypoallergenic, non-toxic, SLS free.

8. Some of the most common ingredients that are used
in the manufacturing of baby soaps are-
• Coconut oil, Palm oil, Calendula oil, Spring water, Lavender oil,
Sweet almond oil (prunus amygdalus), Sodium hydroxide,
Rosewood (aniba parviflora) oil, Aniba parviflora oil
• Preservatives (BHT, Tetra sodium EDTA), Benzoin, Aloe
barbadensis, Salvia officinalis, Sodium palmate, Sodium
gluconate, Sodium palmate
• Shea butter, Hibiscus esculentus seed extract, Aloe barbadensis
gel
• Ingredients form certified organic agriculture

9. DETERMINATION OF NICKEL:
• REAGENTS :NaoH, CONC. Hcl, dimethyl glyoxime soln, saturated bromine water.
Isolation of Metal From Soap
• • 50g of soap dissolve in hot water
• • Add 40ml of conc. Hcl , heat until fatty acid layer separates
• • Add 20g paraffin wax , stir and allow to settle cool to room temp
• • Remove wax cake, rinse with water , add rinsing's to aq. Phase of evaporate to 60ml
• • Make up to 100ml (test soln)
Nickel Content
• • Take 50ml of aliquot (evaporate to 15ml) to this add 3ml of bromine water (1mts) and 5ml of
liquid ammonia (ppt formed)
• • Filter, add 10ml dimethyl glyoxime soln and add 15 ‐ 20ml 95%ethanol, Kept for 5mts for
development of colour
• • The sample shall be considered to have passed the test if no pink colour develops

10. DETERMINATION OF IRON :
• REAGENTS :liquid ammonia, sulphuric acid, citric acid, thioglycolic
acid, std iron soln, methyl red indicator
PROCEDURE
• 5ml of test soln (metals are isolated from soap)
• Add 4ml citric acid add 0.02ml methyl red +liquor ammonia (yellow
colour) Add 3ml liq. ammonia in excess
• Cool and add 3ml thioglycolic acid
• Make up to 25ml, filter
• Measure absorbance at 540nm using water as blank
• Prepare calibration curve with std from soln and determine iron content of
soap sample from it

11. DETERMINATION OF COPPER :
• REAGENTS : std copper soln, zinc dibenzyl di thiocarbonate +25ml sulphuric acid
PROCEDURE
• • 20ml aliquot+10ml zinc dibenzyl dithiocarbonate+25ml sulphuric acid shake for 1min
• • Collect the lower ccl4 layer in a volumetric flask
• • Wash the aq. Layer with ccl4 layer in a volumetric flask
• • Make up the volume, absorbance at 435nm
• • Prepare calibration curve with std copper soln
• • Determine the copper content of soap sample from curve
pH determination
• Soap sample weighing 150 mg was mixed in 15 ml distilled water without producing much lather. It
was kept undisturbed for 24 h for maximum dissolution of soap. Then the pH of each sample was
measured.

12. BABY SHAMPOOS
– Baby shampoos are used to clean the scalp and the hair of the babies
– Formulation
Ingredients %w/w
1. Magnesium Laureth Sulfate (27.5%A) 11.00
2. Cocamidopropyl Betaine (30%A) 5.00
3. Polysorbate 20 1.00
4. PEG 600 Distearate 3.50
5. Preservative, Perfume, Colour q.s.
6. Citric Acid to pH 6.0 q.s.
7. Water (deionized) 100.00
 Magnesium Laureth Sulfate [mild foaming agent], Cocamidopropyl Betaine Amphoteric [Surfactant],
Polysorbate 20 [non ionic detergent], PEG 600 Distearate [Emulsifier], Tetrasodium EDTA [Chelating
Agent], Citric Acid [Buffering Agent].

13. EVALUATION OF BABY SHAMPOOS
1. Clarity - Cloud point & Clear point - difference 10 ⁰C
2. Viscosity - Rotational Viscometer 1- 100 rpm at 23⁰C, 500-1500 cps
3. pH - 6.5-8.5
Procedure - 1.5 ml of shampoo was is taken in a glass beaker and water is added to the sample to make its
volume to 15 ml. Mixing is done well without producing lather. The solution is kept undisturbed for 30 min.
Then the pH of each sample was measured.
4. Surface Tension - Traube Stalagmometer , 10% shampoo (20⁰C)
5. Detergency & Cleansing Action - Gravimetric method - % sebum removed after washing is
calculated
6. Foam Quality - Foam Volume – DLS stirrer, 500 rpm, 10 sec
- Foam Density – Rubber stopper method

14. BABY CREAMS
– Protect from aggressions
– Types - O/W cream and W/O creams
– Barrier Creams are used in winter
– Formulation- Ingredients Wt.⁒
1. Mineral Oil [30.00]
2. Petrolatum [2.00]
3. Stearic acid [1.20]
4. Stearyl alcohol [1.00]
5. Cetyl alcohol [0.70]
6. Triethanolamine [0.65]
7. Propylene glycol [1.00]
8. Water [63.45]
9. Perfume and preservatives, etc. [q.s]

15. Activity of ingredients
• Water [Vehicle]
• Glycerine , propylene Glycol [Humectant]
• Mineral Oil, petrolatum [Prevents water loss]
• Cetyl Alcohol, Stearyl Alcohol, Stearic Acid
[Emulsifiers]
• EDTA [Prevents rancidity]
• Dimethicone (silicone) [Gives silky feel]

16. EVALUATION OF BABY CREAMS
– pH - 4.5 – 6 (skin pH)
 About 1gm of the cream was weighed and dissolved in 100 ml of distilled water and stored for two hours.
 The measurement of pH of each formulation was done in triplicate and average values were calculated
– Viscosity
 Brook-Field Viscometer, Viscosity of the formulation was determined by Brookfield Viscometer.
 With 20 rpm at a temperature of 25⁰C and the determinations were carried out in triplicate and the average of
three readings was recorded
– Centrifugation - Test 5000 rpm, 10 min (20 ⁰C) = effect of gravity for 1 yr. 24 hr , 7, 14, 21, 28 days –
observe any phase separation
– Rheological Studies - Beaker inclined – checked for consistency
– Determination of Total Fatty Substance - Oil phase extracted with ether – extracts filtered and weighed.

17. BABY OILS
– Used for cleansing and moisturising
– Types
1. Mineral oil – Gives high moisturising effect, clogs the pores, prevents natural release
of toxins
2. Natural oil – It gives low moisturising effect and more therapeutic effect.
Formulation of Mineral Oil
Ingredient Wt. %
1. Mineral Oil 70.00
2. Octyl palmitate 5.00
3. Isopropyl myristate 10.00
4. Cyclomethicone 15.00
5. Perfumes, solubilisers, antioxidants, etc. q.s

18. Formulation of Vegetable Oil
Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride, Coconut nucifera (Coconut) Oil, Gardenia tahitensis Flowers
( Monoi ), Persea gratissima (Avocado) Oil, Prunus ameniaca (Apricot) Kernel Oil, Camellia
sanqua Oil, Lavandula angustifolia (Lavender) Oil, Anthemis nobilis (Chamomile)Oil,
Simmondsia chinensis (Jojoba) Oil, Tocopherol (Natural Vitamin E).
EVALUTION OF BABY OILS
 Refractive index(R.I.) – It measures purity
 Melting point – capillary tube method
slip melting point method
Wiley melting point method.
 Iodine value – measure of degree of unsaturation
 peroxide value – degree of lipid oxidation

19. BABY LOTION
Formulation – ingredients used
– Aqua [85.07 Solvent], Isopropyl palmitate [3.72 Emollient], Glycerine 3.506
[Humectant], Paraffinoma Liquidum [3.05 Emollient], Stearyl Alcohol [1.4
Emollient], Biphenyl alcohol [0.7 Emollient], Dimethicone [0.52 Skin conditioner],
Carbomer [0.5 Thickener], Phenoxyethanol [0.4 Preservative], Sodium benzoate
[0.25 Preservative], Hydrogenated Palm Glycerides [0.24 Emulsifier], Potassium
Cetyl Phosphate [0.24 Emulsifier], Beheneth-25 [0.15 Emulsifier], Disodium EDTA
0.1 [Chelating agent], Bisabolol 0.1 [Skin conditioner], Poly sorbet 80 0.05
[Thickener], Tocopherol 0.004 [Antioxidant].

20. EVALUTION OF BABY LOTIONS
– pH – 5.5+/- 0.2
– Viscosity - 2000 mPas +/- 500 mPas
CONCLUSION
Baby skin is very sensitive than adult, so we should take a lot of
care What ever we are applying should be Non toxic, Non irritant, Free
from microbial contamination Totally it must be mild and Safer to use.

21. Thank you