Had to / Could
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The document discusses the use of "had to" and "could/couldn't" to express obligation and ability in the past tense. It provides examples of using "had to" with infinitives and in interrogative sentences. It also gives examples of "could/couldn't" to talk about ability or lack of ability in the past. Finally, it includes some incomplete sentences to practice using these past tense forms correctly.
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The document provides an overview of the present perfect tense in English including its form, uses, and comparison to the simple past tense. Key points include:
- The present perfect tense is formed using have/has + past participle and is used to describe actions that began in the past and continue to the present or where the time is unspecified.
- It can indicate recent events, lifetime experiences, actions over a period of time (using "for" and "since"), and indefinite time.
- Words like "already", "yet", "ever", and "never" are used specifically with the present perfect.
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The document describes the present perfect tense in English. It provides the formula of have/has + past participle and examples of affirmative, interrogative, and negative forms. It explains that the present perfect tense is used to describe recent events without a definite time, express personal experiences without a definite time, and describe actions that began in the past and continue to the present. It notes that the time periods for these ongoing actions can be defined using "for" to indicate a duration or "since" to indicate a starting point in the past.
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The document compares the simple present and present continuous tenses. The present continuous is used to describe actions happening at the moment or temporary situations. The simple present describes routines that happen repeatedly or permanent situations. For example, "Jack works every night, but he isn't working tonight" uses the simple present for his routine and the present continuous for the temporary situation that he is not working tonight.
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This document provides information about asking wh-questions in simple present tense. It discusses the different wh- words used to ask questions, including what, where, when, which, why and how. Examples are given for positive and negative yes/no questions and wh- questions using different verbs and subjects. Special questions looking at frequency and reasons are also covered with examples given. Finally, a list of vocabulary is provided to help form additional wh- questions.
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This document provides an overview of the present perfect tense in English, including its three main uses: 1) something that started in the past and is still ongoing now, 2) indefinite past actions where the time is unspecified, and 3) repeated past actions. It discusses the form of the present perfect (subject + have/has + past participle), examples of irregular past participles, key time words used with the present perfect like "already" and "never", and the placement of adverbs. It also covers using "since" to indicate a specific point in the past and "for" to indicate a duration of time. Finally, it provides links to additional online practice with the present perfect tense.
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The present continuous tense is used to describe activities that are happening now or are in progress now, activities or situations that are currently true but not necessarily happening at the moment, and temporary activities or planned future arrangements. It is formed using the present tense of the verb "to be" and the present participle of the main verb. Questions and negatives are formed following the typical rules. Some verbs that describe states rather than activities, such as like, believe, or have, are usually not used in the present continuous unless the meaning changes to describe an activity rather than a state.
Future tense
1. The document discusses different ways to talk about the future in English using future tenses.
2. There are several forms used including the future simple with "will", "be going to", the present continuous, and the present simple.
3. The future simple with "will" is used to express sudden decisions, intentions, promises, and predictions based on opinion. "Be going to" expresses intentions and predictions based on something that is already arranged or planned. The present continuous talks about future events that have been arranged, while the present simple discusses unchangeable future events.
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This document discusses the difference between active and passive voice in sentences. Active voice has the subject performing the action of the verb, while passive voice has the subject receiving the action of the verb. Active voice is generally clearer and easier to understand than passive voice. However, passive voice can be used when the receiver of the action is more important than the subject, when minimizing the role of the subject, or when writing about scientific or natural processes. Knowing the difference between active and passive voice helps writers determine the best structure to use.
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The document discusses different English modal verbs and their meanings. It explains that "must" is used when something is sure to be possible or true, "can't" is used when something is sure not to be possible or true, and "might", "may", and "could" are used when something is not certain. It provides examples of sentences using these modal verbs and has the reader practice making their own sentences with different pictures to illustrate the meanings.
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The passive voice is used when the agent or doer of the action is unknown, not important, or to give importance to the object of the sentence. It is formed by using some form of 'to be' plus the past participle of the main verb. Some common uses of the passive voice include reporting information, rules, or media reports where the focus is on the topic rather than who performed the action. The passive voice can be used in all tenses and includes changes in verbs and pronouns compared to the active voice.
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Unit 8 let make be allowed to , modal verbs obligation permission prohibition...
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The document discusses the debate around allowing student use of mobile phones in schools. It notes that while some support it, others oppose it strongly. Mobile phone companies target students as a key market. Mobile phones can be used positively to enhance learning, but they can also be a distraction and disrupt the learning process. They can also be used to access inappropriate online content. There are arguments both for and against allowing mobile phone use in schools.
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Modal verbs are auxiliary verbs that provide additional meaning to the main verb of a sentence. They express concepts like ability, permission, obligation, possibility, recommendation and future events. Some modal verbs have a single meaning while others have double meanings depending on context. Modal verbs do not conjugate or take tense and are followed by the base form of the main verb. They are categorized as single concept, double concept, or past tense modals. Examples are provided to illustrate the meanings and uses of different modal verbs.
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Modal verbs are auxiliary verbs that provide additional meaning to the main verb of a sentence. There are several modal verbs in English including can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would, and ought to. Modal verbs do not conjugate or take infinitives and have specific meanings depending on whether they express ability, permission, possibility, necessity or recommendation. They can be categorized as single concept modals, double concept modals, or modals used in the past tense.
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Modal verbs are special verbs that indicate modality such as ability, permission, obligation, and possibility. They behave irregularly and are used with other verbs. The main modal verbs are can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would, and ought to. Modal verbs do not have all verb tenses and forms. They are used to express abilities, permissions, possibilities, necessities, suggestions, obligations, and polite requests. Examples are provided for how each modal verb is commonly used.
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Modal verbs provide additional meaning to the main verb of a sentence regarding areas such as ability, permission, obligation, offers, and probability. There are single concept modals that have one meaning and double concept modals that have two meanings depending on context. Modal verbs do not conjugate or take infinitives and have imperfect tense formation. They are used to express concepts like permission, obligation, ability, advice, and recommendations in both the present and past.
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We use do and does for questions with regular verbs but not for questions with forms of to be or modal verbs like can, must, might, should. Do/does is placed before the subject of the sentence and the base form of the verb follows. Questions with what, when, where, why, and how use do/does before the subject. The present perfect tense refers to an event that occurred in the recent past or has a connection to the present. It uses the formula of subject + to have + past participle.
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The document discusses modal auxiliaries in English. It explains that modal auxiliaries add specific meanings to main verbs, such as ability, permission, possibility. It then categorizes modal auxiliaries into epistemic (related to possibility and certainty), deontic (related to permission and obligation), and dynamic (related to internal ability or willingness). Examples are provided for different modal auxiliaries showing permission, possibility, ability, request, obligation, certainty and more. Common characteristics of modal auxiliaries and examples of their uses in sentences are also outlined.
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Modal verbs are used to express ideas such as ability, permission, obligation, advice, offers and probability. Some common modal verbs are can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will and would. Modal verbs do not change form and are followed by the base form of other verbs. They provide additional meaning to the main verb of a sentence, such as possibility, necessity or permission. Examples are given of how different modal verbs are used depending on their meaning.
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Modals are a type of verb that express modality such as ability, permission, obligation, or possibility. The modal verbs in English include can, could, may, might, must, will, would, shall, should, ought to, had better, and have to. Modals give additional meaning to the main verb and have grammatical properties that distinguish them, such as not having different tenses. They express different types of modality including epistemic (likelihood), deontic (permission/duty), and dynamic (ability/willingness). Each modal has specific meanings and uses depending on whether it expresses possibility, necessity, permission, advice, or other functions.
Final review!!!
- Past participles are verb forms that are used with auxiliary verbs like "have" to form compound tenses like the present perfect. They typically end in "-ed" but some verbs are irregular.
- The simple past tense is the basic past tense form of regular verbs which is formed by adding "-ed" to the base verb. It is used to talk about completed actions in the past.
- An example of the difference is: "I have eaten" uses the past participle "eaten" while "I ate" uses the simple past form.
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Modal verbs are special verbs that indicate modality such as ability, possibility, permission, and obligation. There are several common modal verbs in English including can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would, and ought to. Modal verbs are used with an infinitive verb without "to" and do not have tenses or forms like the -ing form. They provide additional meaning about the action of the main verb. Examples are given of how different modal verbs are used and their meanings.
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The document summarizes the present perfect tense in Mongolian. It explains that the present perfect tense is used to express past actions with present consequences or actions that began in the past and are still ongoing. It provides examples of sentences using the present perfect tense and explains the forms for positive, negative, and question sentences. It then provides exercises for the reader to practice forming sentences in the present perfect tense.
use-of-have-to-activities-promoting-classroom-dynamics-group-form_53729.pptx
This document discusses the use of "have to" and "don't have to" to express obligation and lack of obligation. "Have to" is used to talk about things that are necessary or required, while "don't have to" refers to things that are not necessary or required. Examples are provided of affirmative and negative sentences using these phrases with subjects like "I", "you", "she", "he", etc. The document concludes with exercises for readers to practice ordering sentences and completing sentences using "have to", "doesn't have to", etc appropriately.
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Had to / Could
- 1. HAD TO (Obligation in the past)
- 2. Had to + infinitive He had to eat the veggies to go out. I was in Space for 5 months. I had to bathe with a sponge.
- 3. Interrogative Did you have to finish…? Did you have to study hard to pass the exam? Yes, I did. No, I didn’t. Did he have to buy fruits? Yes, he did. No, he didn’t.
- 4. COULD / COULDN’T (ability / lack of ability in the past) The weaher was bad yesterday. We couldn’t go to the playground. Four years ago Teresa couldn’t ride her bicycle.
- 5. Complete the sentences using the appropiate form of Have to / had to / could Some years ago I _________________ speak English. Now I speak it fluently. I ____________________ study hard. Tomorrow is my Math exam. Diana _______________ come early. She missed the bus. Last year I ________________ pass the Flyers exam. Sarah _________________ to work until 7 o’clock. _____________ Jerry _______________ to play the guitar in the concert last week?