The document discusses the first conditional, which is used to talk about possible situations in the present or future. It provides examples of conditional sentences using an "if" clause and main clause with "will." Common structures are "if + present tense verb, will + verb" or "if + subject + present tense verb, subject + will + verb." Some examples are provided like "If it's sunny, we'll go to the park" and exercises for the reader to practice forming first conditional sentences.