The word Gastritis comes from two words “gastro” referring to the stomach and “itis” means inflammation. Gastritis is an inflammation, irritation, or erosion of the lining of the stomach mucosa. Inflammation of the lining of the stomach. INCIDENCE: The incidence of gastritis is highest in the fifth and sixth decades of life; men are more frequently affected than women. The incidence is greater in clients who are heavy drinkers and smokers. Acute gastritis is considered one of the most common type of gastritis. This is a painful inflammation of the lining of the stomach that occur suddenly and may involve bleeding of the stomach mucosa Chronic gastritis involve s long- term inflammation of the mucosal lining of the stomach and this inflammatory condition of upper digestive system can last for years. Chronic gastritis, on the other hand, is more often found in older people

1. GASTRITIS
PREPARED BY:
MS. VEDANTI PATEL
ASSI. PROFESSOR

2. DEFINITION:
The word Gastritis comes from two words “gastro”
referring to the stomach and “itis” means inflammation.
Gastritis is an inflammation, irritation, or erosion of
the lining of the stomach mucosa.
Inflammation of the lining of the stomach.
INCIDENCE:
 The incidence of gastritis is highest in the fifth and
sixth decades of life; men are more frequently affected
than women. The incidence is greater in clients who
are heavy drinkers andsmokers.

3. TYPES OF GASTRITIS
GASTRITIS
ACUTE
GASTRITIS
CHRONIC
GASTRITIS

4. A) ACUTE GASTRITIS
Acute gastritis is considered one of the most common type
of gastritis. This is a painful inflammation of the lining of
the stomach that occur suddenly and may involve bleeding
of the stomach mucosa

5. B) CHRONIC GASTRITIS
Chronic gastritis involve s long- term inflammation of
the mucosal lining of the stomach and this inflammatory
condition of upper digestive system can last for years.
Chronic gastritis, on the other hand, is more often found
in older people

6. E) ACUTE STRESS GASTRITIS
The acute stress gastritis is another common type of
gastritis that mainly results from severe illness or injury.
This is most commonly found among patient in intensive
care unit, especially among respiratory failure, sepsis,
kidney failure, severe burn,

7. F) ATROPIC GASTRITIS
Atrophic gastritis is a chronic form in which the gastric
mucosa become very thin and most of the cells that
produce digestive acid and enzymes are lost

8. CAUSES
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Bacterial infection
Regular use of pain
relievers
Older age
Excessive alcohol use
Stress
Cocaine use
Autoimmune disorders
Other diseases and
condition

9.  The mucosal lining of the stomach normally protects it
from the action of gastric acid. This mucosal barrier is
composed of prostaglandins.
Due to anycause
↓
This barrier is penetrated
↓
Hydrochloric acid comes into contactwith the mucosa
↓
Injury to small vessels
↓
Edema, hemorrhage, and possible ulcer formation

10.  Epigastricdiscomfort
 Abdominal tenderness
 Cramping
 Belching
 Reflux
 Severe nausea andvomiting
 Hematemesis
 Sometimes GI bleeding is the onlymanifestation
 When contaminated food is the cause of gastritis,
diarrhea usuallydevelopswithin 5 hoursof ingestion

11. DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATIONS
1
/
5
/
2
0
2
4
1
1
Complete blood count
(CBC)
Esophagogastro
-duodenoscopy
H. Pylori tests
Barium study Fecal occult blood test
X-ray of upper
digestive system
Histology
examination of a
tissue
Liver and kidney
functions
Urinalysis

12. MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
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ANTIBIOTICS
ANTACID
PROTON PUMP INHIBITOR
H2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST
CYTOPROTECTIVE DRUGS
ANTIEMETIC

13.  Initially foods and fluids are withheld until nausea
and vomiting subside.
 Once the client tolerates food, the diet includes
decaffeinated tea, gelatin, toast, and simple bland
foods.
 The client should avoid spicy foods, caffeine and
large, heavy meals.
 In the continued absence of nausea, vomiting and
bloating, the client can slowly return to a normal
diet.

14. TREATMENT
If the conservative measures fails to treat the gastritis,
a surgical management is necessary
2. Surgical Management
Subtotal gastrectomy- A portion of stomach is
removed.
Pyloroplasty- it is elective surgical procedure in
which lower portion that is pylorus is cut and
resutured.
Vagotomy- it is the surgical cutting of the vagus
nerve to reduce acid secretion
Total gastrectomy- It is indicated with the severe
erosive gastritis

15. Subtotal gastrectomy

17. VAGOTOMY

18. TOTAL GASTRECTOMY

19. NURSING MANAGEMENT
Assessment-
The assessment of risk factor is done like
1. Diet
2. Pattern of eating
3. Life style
4. Use of drug
5. Use of alcohol
6. Cigarette smoking
The physical assessment through examination

20. NURSING MANAGEMENT
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Diagnosis-
1. Pain related to irritation of gastric mucosa
2. Imbalance nutrition less than body requirement
related to anorexia and poor food intake
3. High risk for fluid & electrolyte imbalance related
to inadequate intake of food
4. Risk for infection related to disease condition.
5. Anxiety related to disease condition and
anticipatory treatment
6. Knowledge deficit related to disease process &
dietary management

21. INTERVENTION
1. Pain Management
2. Nutritional Supplement
3. Improve fluid volume
4. Improve elimination pattern
5. Minimize the risk of infection &
complication
6. Minimize the Anxiety
7. Knowledge About treatment regimen
8. Minimize complication

22. DISCHARGE INSTRUCTION
Instruct the patient about the diet, intake of soft texture
food, avoid spicy and fatty food.
Instruct the patient and relative about the medicine
Avoidance or stopping of smoking & alcohol intake.
Maintaining a regular routine for food intake &
medications.
Instruct the patient regarding the follow- up, in case of
atrophic gastritis.

23.  Chronic gastritis occurs in 3 differentforms
1) Superficial gastritis, which causes a reddened,
edematous mucosa with small erosions and
hemorrhages.
2) Atrophic gastritis, which occurs in all layers of the
stomach, develops frequently in association with gastric
ulcer and gastric cancer, and is invariably present in
pernicious anemia; it is characterized by a decreased
number of parietal and chiefcells.
3) Hypertrophic gastritis, which produces a dull and
nodular mucosa with irregular, thickened, or nodular
rugae; hemorrhages occur frequently.

24. Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD), infection with
Halicobacter pylori bacteria or gastricsurgery
may lead to chronicgastritis.
After gastric resection with a gastro-
jejunostomy, bile and bile acids may reflux
into the remaining stomach, causinggastritis.
H.Pylori infection can lead to chronicatrophic
gastritis.
Age isalsoa risk factor; chronic gastritis is
more common in olderadults.

25. The stomach lining first becomes thickened and
erythematous and then becomes thin andatrophic.
↓
Continued deterioration andatrophy
↓
Loss of function of the parietalcells
↓
Acid secretiondecreases
↓
Inability to absorb vitaminB12
↓
Development of perniciousanemia

26. Manifestations are vague and may be absent because the
problem does not cause an increase in hydrochloric acid.
Assessment may reveal
 Anorexia
 Feeling of fullness
 Dyspepsia
 Belching
 Vague epigastric pain
 Nausea
 Vomiting
 Intolerance of spicy and fattyfoods

27. Bleeding
Pernicious
anemia
Gastric
cancer

28.  Discomfort may lessen with a bland diet, small frequent
meals, antacids, H2 receptor antagonists, proton pump
inhibitors, and avoidance of food that cause
manifestations.
 If H.pylori bacteria are present, anti-biotics and other
medicationsareadministered toeliminate the bacteria.
 If 1 week of this regimen does notsucceed in eliminating
the bacteria, the regimen may be repeated for an
additional week.
 If pernicious anemia develops, intramuscularinjections
of vitamin B12 may be administered monthly for the
remainder of the client’slife.