Gastritis is the inflammation, irritation or erosion of the mucosal lining of the stomach. It can be acute or chronic.

1. GASTRITIS
By
Miss Amanjot Kaur Sidhu
MSN (CCN)

2. GASTRITIS
Gastritis is the inflammation, irritation or erosion
of the mucosal lining of the stomach. It can be
acute or chronic.

3. TYPES OF GASTRITIS
 Acute Gastritis: It includes inflammation of the stomach and can include
serious complications like hemorrhages and erosion. The most common
cause of acute gastritis is the overuse of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory
(NSAID) drugs like ibuprofen, sodium naproxen, and diclofenac.
 Chronic gastritis: It is the term used for when the stomach lining becomes
inflamed repeatedly or for an extended period of time. When this occurs,
the stomach lining loses protective cells and function. Chronic gastritis
slowly wears away the stomach lining because it occurs over a longer
period of time.

4. TYPES OF GASTRITIS
 Atrophic Gastritis: In this, death of stomach glands occurs
and they got replaced with intestinal and fibrous tissues. The
stomach must secrete essential chemicals like hydrochloric
acid, pepsin, and intrinsic factor to digest the food.
 Erosive Gastritis: Erosive gastritis is a less common form of
gastritis among patients and typically leads to the formation
of ulcers and bleeding in the lining of the stomach instead of
much inflammation.

5. CAUSES OF GASTRITIS
 Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori): A bacteria that lives in the mucous lining of the stomach, without treatment,
the infection can lead to ulcers, and in some people, stomach cancer.
 Bile reflux: A backflow of bile into the stomach from the bile tract (that connects to the liver and
gallbladder)
 Regular use of analgesics like aspirin
 Excessive alcohol use
 Stress
 Vitamin-B12 deficiency
 Autoimmune disorders
 Other diseases such as HIV/AIDS and cancer

6. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Due to the above causes
Gastric mucus membrane becomes edematous and hyperemic (congested with blood and fluid)
Gastric mucus membrane undergoes superficial erosion and obstruction
Secrete scanty amount of gastric juices is secreted with very little acid but much mucus

7. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Gastric mucus membrane undergoes superficial erosion and obstruction
Secrete scanty amount of gastric juices is secreted with very little acid but much mucus
Superficial ulceration may occur and can lead to hemorrhage
Damage from irritants can result in increased intracellular pH, impaired enzyme function,
disrupted cellular structures, ischemia, vascular stasis and tissue death
Gastritis
 Sign and symptoms:

8. SIGN AND SYMPTOMS
 Burning sensation in the stomach between meals or at
night
 Nausea or recurrent upset stomach
 Abdominal bloating
 Abdominal pain
 Vomiting

9. SIGN AND SYMPTOMS
 Hiccups
 Chest pain
 Stomach cramping
 Fever and weakness
 Loss of appetite
 Vomiting blood or coffee ground-like material
 Black, tarry stools

10. DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
 Take detailed history of the patient and physical examination of the patient.
 Complete blood count to evaluate anemia or low blood count.
 Esophagogastroduodenoscopy to rule out any inflammation or ulceration.
 Double-contrast barium study
 Stool test to check for occult test.
 Liver and renal function test
 Urinalysis
 Biopsy

11. MANAGEMENT
Medical management:
 Antibiotics such as amoxicillin, clarithromycin, metronidazole and
tetracycline to treat H. Pylori.
 Proton-pump inhibitors like omeprazole, rabeprazole and pantoprazole to
reduce acid.
 Eliminating irritating foods from your diet such as lactose from dairy
or gluten from wheat.
 If the gastritis is caused by pernicious anemia, B12 vitamin shots will be
given.

12. MANAGEMENT
 H2 receptor blockers such as ranitidine, famotidine, cimetidine
etc. to reduce the amount of acid released into the stomach.
 Cytoprotective agents such as bismuth subsalicylate to protect
the stomach mucosa and inhibit the H. pylori activity.
 Antiemetics like ondansteron to prevent nausea and vomiting.
 Analgesics are also given to relieve pain.

13. SURGICAL MANAGEMENT
Gastric resection or gastrojejunostomy may be
necessary to treat pyloric obstruction.