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Direct method by m.hasnnain
The Direct Method is an approach to teaching foreign languages that uses the target language exclusively and avoids translation or explaining grammar rules. It was developed in the 1860s based on observations of how children acquire their first language. Key principles include using real-world examples and demonstrations rather than explanations, emphasizing oral skills and questions/answers, and avoiding grammar explanations. Techniques include reading aloud, conversations, dictation, and map tasks. While it aims to mimic natural language acquisition, critics argue it is difficult to implement fully and may not be suitable for large classes.
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The Direct Method focuses on teaching languages without using the native language, promoting immersion and inductive grammar learning.
Principles emphasize no translation, prioritizing oral skills, active student roles, and limited teacher questioning.
Techniques include reading aloud, Q&A exercises, dictation, and conversation practice to foster engagement and skill.
Advantages include improved pronunciation and oral skills, while disadvantages include challenges in larger classes and difficulty with abstract concepts.
The method is rarely used in government schools but is applied in private settings with some adaptations.
The method's effectiveness is context-dependent, best suited for small classes, emphasizing cultural relevance.
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Direct method by m.hasnnain
- 1. Direct Method Whatis Direct Method?
- 2. Direct Method TheDirect Method has one very basic rule: No translation is allowed.
- 3. What is DirectMethod? “The method of teaching foreign language without the use of mother tongue.” It only uses target language to teach target language. It is also called “Natural language” because of its learners do not use native language.
- 4. Background Founded byFrancois Gouin, in 1860, he observed hundreds of French students learning a foreign language and concluded that learning a foreign language should be in the same way by which people learn their L1. It aims to use the target language to communicate with daily words. Grammar is taught inductively, in which students discover the rules.
- 5. Background It’s tomake up with the Grammar-Translation Meth0od, which emphasizes reading and writing, fixed rules for sentences patterns, and grammar and translation skills. So, in DM, no translation, no native language but with meaningful context, realia, pictures, visual aids, demonstration and dramatization to help students learn words, preposition, grammar of the target language.
- 6. Principles No translatebut demonstrate Never explain but act Never make a speech but ask questions Native speaker to deliver teaching for correct pronunciation, and better oral skills.
- 7. Four Major Principles No Translation under any circumstances. A strong emphasize on oral work. Avoidance of grammatical expression. Maximum use of question answer techniques.
- 8. Role of thestudents Student are less passive as compared to GTM. They think and speak in the target language. They try to speak as much as possible. They learn how to ask a question as well as answer them.
- 9. Role of theTeacher The teacher role is quite active. He /She directs all the classroom activities. Asks minimum Questions and Answers. He /She uses sentences instead of words and makes student speak much.
- 10. Techniques Reading loud Question and answer exercise Getting students to self-correct Conversation practice Fill-in-the-blank exercise Dictation Map drawing Paragraph writing
- 11. Techniques Reading aloud: Student take turns reading sections of a passage, play, or whatever teaching materials. The teacher uses gestures, pictures, examples, or other means to make the meaning of the section clear. Question and answer exercise Students ask answer Questions in full sentences and practice new words and grammatical rules.
- 12. Getting student toSelf-correct A teacher might supply repeat what a student has just said, using a questioning. A teacher must repeat what the student said, stopping before the error. The student knows that the next word was wrong.
- 13. Conversation practice Forcommunication purpose, teaching contains conversational activities: starting with questions in the target language which contained a certain grammar structure, then let students ask Questions with each other with the same sentence patterns. Finally, let student have free talk.
- 14. Fill in theblanks exercise Students are given series of sentence with words missing. They fill in the blanks with new vocabulary items only from the target language.
- 15. Dictation The teacherreads the passage three times. The first time the teacher read it at a normal speed, while the student only listen. The second time he reads it phrase by phrase, to allow students write down what they heard. The last time the teacher again reads at a normal speed and check student’s work.
- 16. Map drawing Thestudent are given a map with the geographical features unnamed. The teacher gives directions to the students. The student can have a completely labeled map if they follow his instruction correct.
- 17. Paragraph writing Theteacher asks students to write a paragraph in their own words. The student can do this from their memory. They can use the reading passage in the lesson as a model. The same techniques of paragraph can be applied to any other topics.
- 18. Advantages Let studentslearn the correct pronunciation and better oral skills because no native language is used and communication is main activity in the class. Whereas, students’ enterprising spirits and the teacher speaking the target language fluently are required.
- 19. Disadvantages Students maybe afraid of asking Qs. It’s hard to practice the methods in a class with more than 20 students. It needs a great amount of teachers It’s hard to explain abstract words. It takes much time for teacher to explain the words that might be trivial.
- 20. The Role ofDM in Pakistan Direct method is not used in Govt. schools because students are not taught the foreign languages from their beginning stages. In private schools DM is being used with some amendments. The Role of mother tongue is not ignored. Grammar and other rules are also taught according to the principal of DM.
- 21. The principles arestill followed in contemporary schools: Never translate: demonstrate, Never explain: act, Never make a speech: ask questions, Never imitate mistakes: correct, Never speak with single words: use sentences, Never speak too much: make students speak much, Never use the book: use your lesson plan, Never jump around: follow your plan, Never go too fast: keep the pace of the student, Never speak too slowly: speak normally, Never speak too quickly: speak naturally, Never speak too loudly: speak naturally, Never be impatient: take it easy.
- 22. Summary No methodof teaching a target language is absolute rather contextual. A good teacher can reap maximum advantages from carefully handling the Direct Method. The complete detachment from mother tongue is almost impossible.
- 23. Conclusion Language learningshould be of use. Good for the class of small size. Culture should be taught about people’s daily lives.
- 26. Thanks for attention! …!Good bye