The document discusses GPS processing techniques, including pseudo-range processing and carrier-phase measurements. Pseudo-ranges are a measure of distance between a GPS receiver and satellite based on the time shift needed to align code signals. Carrier-phase measurements provide even higher precision but require resolving the integer cycle ambiguity. Methods for ambiguity resolution include receiver initialization, antenna swapping, and on-the-fly processing. Good satellite geometry as measured by dilution of precision (DOP) helps improve positioning accuracy. Applications discussed include surveying, geographical positioning, control networks, and determining heights and the geoid.
This content introduces the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), its example, earth observation orbit types, coordinate systems, GNSS time system, converting height (ellipsoidal, geoid, orthometric heights) and various GNSS applications.
This content introduces the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), its example, earth observation orbit types, coordinate systems, GNSS time system, converting height (ellipsoidal, geoid, orthometric heights) and various GNSS applications.
Brilliant Lecture delivered to me in Alagappa Engineering college Workshop.
The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite
based radio navigation system provided by the
United States Department of Defence. It gives
unequaled accuracy and flexibility in positioning
for navigation, surveying and GIS data collection.
Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) is an enhancement to Global Positioning System that provides improved location accuracy, from the
15-meter nominal GPS accuracy to about 10 cm in case of the best implementations. Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) is a method of providing differential corrections to a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver in order to improve the accuracy of the navigation solution. DGPS corrections originate from a reference station at a known location. The receivers in these reference stations can estimate errors in the GPS because, unlike the general population of GPS receivers, they have an accurate knowledge of their position.
DGPS uses a network of fixed, ground-based reference stations to broadcast the difference between the positions indicated by the GPS (satellite) systems and the known fixed positions. These stations broadcast the difference between the measured satellite pseudoranges and actual (internally computed) pseudoranges, and receiver stations may correct their pseudoranges by the same amount. The digital correction signal is typically broadcast locally over ground-based transmitters of shorter range.
Brilliant Lecture delivered to me in Alagappa Engineering college Workshop.
The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite
based radio navigation system provided by the
United States Department of Defence. It gives
unequaled accuracy and flexibility in positioning
for navigation, surveying and GIS data collection.
Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) is an enhancement to Global Positioning System that provides improved location accuracy, from the
15-meter nominal GPS accuracy to about 10 cm in case of the best implementations. Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) is a method of providing differential corrections to a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver in order to improve the accuracy of the navigation solution. DGPS corrections originate from a reference station at a known location. The receivers in these reference stations can estimate errors in the GPS because, unlike the general population of GPS receivers, they have an accurate knowledge of their position.
DGPS uses a network of fixed, ground-based reference stations to broadcast the difference between the positions indicated by the GPS (satellite) systems and the known fixed positions. These stations broadcast the difference between the measured satellite pseudoranges and actual (internally computed) pseudoranges, and receiver stations may correct their pseudoranges by the same amount. The digital correction signal is typically broadcast locally over ground-based transmitters of shorter range.
This PPT contais hard ware requirement of GPS system, calculatin user position, pseudo range measurement, and calculation in spherical co-ordinate systems. rest is in basics of GPS -2.
Global Positioning System (GPS) Time transfer is a scheme where multiple sites share a precise reference time. Multiple techniques have been developed, often transferring reference clock synchronization from one point to another, often over long distances. Accuracy approaching one nanosecond worldwide is economically practical for many applications. Radio-based navigation systems are frequently used as time transfer systems.
In this Presentation, I am going to explain different types of Time Transfer with proper examples and explanation by diagrams
TotalSoft introduced in Romania the project management concept through Oracle Primavera, the project management application mostly used by the local market.
Currently, TotalSoft has a portfolio of over 650 Primavera customers in areas such as public administration, construction, engineering, shipbuilding, defense, energy and oil, accounting for 90% of the project management solutions market in Romania. These results, along with the technical skills held, allowed obtaining the Oracle Platinum Partner status, TotalSoft being the only company in Romania to hold this title for the Oracle Primavera specialization.
In fact, TotalSoft managed to be elected for 11 consecutive years in the Primavera Club President, where are recruited only partners with outstanding results. Moreover, only 7 companies in the world have managed to enter this exclusive circle. In over 17 years of experience in this field, TotalSoft completed the Oracle Primavera suite with a series of applications tailored to the local specificity, but also with consulting services, maintenance, technical support and training in project management.
The SlideShare 101 is a quick start guide if you want to walk through the main features that the platform offers. This will keep getting updated as new features are launched.
The SlideShare 101 replaces the earlier "SlideShare Quick Tour".
GPS is a satellite based radio navigation system which provides continuous, all weather, worldwide navigation capability for sea, land and air applications.
http://itspiders.net
This content presents GNSS observation by two main positioning solutions including kinematic application for movement and static applications for more accurate measurement. Moreover, survey method and procedure guidelines are described here.
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Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) is an enhancement to Global Positioning System that provides improved location accuracy, from the
15-meter nominal GPS accuracy to about 10 cm in case of the best implementations. Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) is a method of providing differential corrections to a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver in order to improve the accuracy of the navigation solution. DGPS corrections originate from a reference station at a known location. The receivers in these reference stations can estimate errors in the GPS because, unlike the general population of GPS receivers, they have an accurate knowledge of their position.
DGPS uses a network of fixed, ground-based reference stations to broadcast the difference between the positions indicated by the GPS (satellite) systems and the known fixed positions. These stations broadcast the difference between the measured satellite pseudoranges and actual (internally computed) pseudoranges, and receiver stations may correct their pseudoranges by the same amount. The digital correction signal is typically broadcast locally over ground-based transmitters of shorter range.
Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) is an enhancement to Global Positioning System that provides improved location accuracy, from the
15-meter nominal GPS accuracy to about 10 cm in case of the best implementations. Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) is a method of providing differential corrections to a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver in order to improve the accuracy of the navigation solution. DGPS corrections originate from a reference station at a known location. The receivers in these reference stations can estimate errors in the GPS because, unlike the general population of GPS receivers, they have an accurate knowledge of their position.
DGPS uses a network of fixed, ground-based reference stations to broadcast the difference between the positions indicated by the GPS (satellite) systems and the known fixed positions. These stations broadcast the difference between the measured satellite pseudoranges and actual (internally computed) pseudoranges, and receiver stations may correct their pseudoranges by the same amount. The digital correction signal is typically broadcast locally over ground-based transmitters of shorter range.
Similar to GPS processing techniques & some applications (20)
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
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Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
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Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
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Download the full report from here:
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3. •It is a measure of the range, or distance, between the
GPS receiver and the GPS satellite
OR
•It is the time shift required to line up a replica of the code
generated in the receiver with the received code from the
satellite multiplied by the speed of light
Vrince Vimal,CSED BAHIR DAR
UNIVERSITY
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4. •Either the P-code or the C/A-code can be used
for measuring the pseudo-range
•When the PRN code is transmitted from the satellite,
the receiver generates an exact replica of that code.
•Pseudo-ranges are measured by a correlation detector
that controls a delay lock loop which maintains the
alignment (correlation peak) between the receivergenerated code replica and the actual incoming code
Vrince Vimal,CSED BAHIR DAR
UNIVERSITY
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5. •Let the satellite sends a signal at a certain time tsi
•Signal will be received later at time tu
•The distance between the user and the satellite i
Vrince Vimal,CSED BAHIR DAR
UNIVERSITY
5
7. •Carrier beat phase is the phase of the signal which
remains when the incoming Doppler-shifted satellite
carrier is differenced (beat) with the constant
frequency generated in the receiver.
•The ranges to the satellites can be obtained through
the carrier phases.
•The precision of carrier beat phase measurements is
much higher than the precision of code pseudo-ranges
Vrince Vimal,CSED BAHIR DAR
UNIVERSITY
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8. •There is, however, one problem. The carriers are just
pure sinusoidal waves, which means that all cycles look
the same.
•when it is switched on, cannot determine the total number
of the complete cycles between the satellite and receiver.
It can only measure a fraction of a cycle very accurately
(less than 2 mm),
Vrince Vimal,CSED BAHIR DAR
UNIVERSITY
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9. •The initial number of complete cycles remains unknown,
this is known as the initial cycle ambiguity, or the ambiguity
Bias
•If the initial cycle ambiguity parameters are resolved,
accurate range measurements can be obtained,
which lead to accurate position determination
Vrince Vimal,CSED BAHIR DAR
UNIVERSITY
9
10. Ambiguity-Resolution Techniques
•Centimeter-level positioning accuracy could be achieved
with the carrier-phase observables.
• This requires successful determination of the initial
integer ambiguity parameters, This process is commonly
known as ambiguity resolution.
Vrince Vimal,CSED BAHIR DAR
UNIVERSITY
10
11. •Earlier high-precision GPS relative positioning with
carrierphase observables was carried out using long
observational time spans (typically a few hours)
•This allows for the receiver-satellite geometry to
change considerably, which helps in separating the
ambiguity parameters from the baseline solution
Vrince Vimal,CSED BAHIR DAR
UNIVERSITY
11
12. The correct integer values were simply obtained by
rounding off the real-valued numbers to the nearest
Integers.
•But this method is very time consuming.
•To over come this two methods are used:1. Receiver initialization
2. Antenna swap methods
Vrince Vimal,CSED BAHIR DAR
UNIVERSITY
12
13. Receiver initialization
•If the base line is known, The ambiguity parameters are
determined by simply occupying the two end points of the
known baseline with the base and the rover receivers
for a short period of time.
•Than the rover receiver can move to the points to be
surveyed
Vrince Vimal,CSED BAHIR DAR
UNIVERSITY
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14. Antenna swap methods
•It used for a fast and reliable determination of
the initial ambiguity parameters.
•Initially receiver is set over the known point while setting
up the rover within a few meters from it
•About 1-minute simultaneous GPS data is then to be
collected at both receivers.
Vrince Vimal,CSED BAHIR DAR
UNIVERSITY
14
16. •After the data has been collected, the two Antennas are
exchanged.
•With this new setup, another simultaneous 1-minuteGPS
data, at the previous rate, is collected by both receivers.
•Then the receivers are returned to their original setup
•Finally the data is downloaded into the PC processing
software
Vrince Vimal,CSED BAHIR DAR
UNIVERSITY
16
17. On-the-fly ambiguity resolution
•Initially base and rover measurements are combined in
the double differenced mode and an initial adjustment
•Outcome of this initial adjustment is an initial rover
position along with estimates (real values) for the
ambiguity parameters and their uncertainty values,
or the covariance matrix.
Vrince Vimal,CSED BAHIR DAR
UNIVERSITY
17
19. •This matrix can be represented geometrically to form a
region, known as the confidence region, around the
estimated real-value ambiguity parameter
•The confidence region takes the shape of an ellipse if the
number of the estimated parameters is two, and an
ellipsoid if it is three. For more than three, a
hyperellipsoid is obtained
Vrince Vimal,CSED BAHIR DAR
UNIVERSITY
19
20. Dilution of Precision (DOP)
•DOP is measure of the geometry of the visible satellite
constellation.
Vrince Vimal,CSED BAHIR DAR
UNIVERSITY
20
21. Good DOP value is to have one satellite directly above and
the other three evenly spaced around the receiver and
elevated to about 25 to 30 degrees
Vrince Vimal,CSED BAHIR DAR
UNIVERSITY
21
22. •When the satellites are widely spaced, the overlap area of
the two zones of possible satellite range error is relatively
small, called the “area of positional ambiguity.
•It result in a good, or low Dilution of Precision value.
When the satellites are closely spaced, the overlap area of
the two zones of possible satellite range error is
considerably larger
Vrince Vimal,CSED BAHIR DAR
UNIVERSITY
22
24. The overall GDOP, or Geometric Dilution of Precision
includes:
PDOP, or Precision Dilution of Precision, is the dilution of
precision in three dimensions.
HDOP, or Horizontal Dilution of Precision, is the dilution of
precision in two dimensions horizontally
Vrince Vimal,CSED BAHIR DAR
UNIVERSITY
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25. •VDOP, or Vertical Dilution of Precision, is the dilution of
Precision in one dimension, the vertical
•TDOP, or Time Dilution of Precision, is the dilution of
Precision with respect to time.
Vrince Vimal,CSED BAHIR DAR
UNIVERSITY
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28. •Surveying means precision positioning’
•This kind of data collection might include property lines
or construction surveying.
•GPS can survey points in minutes that conventional
surveys might require hours or even days to perform.
Vrince Vimal,CSED BAHIR DAR
UNIVERSITY
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29. Geographical positioning
GP means attaching coordinates to objects of interest: e.g.
control monument, gravity data point
Vrince Vimal,CSED BAHIR DAR
UNIVERSITY
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30. IMPACT OF GPS ON CONTROL NETWORKS
A control network is a set of monumented points with
Coordinates attached to them
The aim of a control network is to transfer coordinates
to other features, that is, to allow positioning of other
features with respect to the control points.
Vrince Vimal,CSED BAHIR DAR
UNIVERSITY
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31. Wt GPS now possible to establish a control point anywhere
without the necessity of having to connect it to already
existing control points through chains of intervisible points.
•the necessity of having any control points at
all is disappearing.
Vrince Vimal,CSED BAHIR DAR
UNIVERSITY
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32. Height & Geoid determination
Vrince Vimal,CSED BAHIR DAR
UNIVERSITY
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33. •GPS can naturally provide heights and/or height
differences above a selected ellipsoid.
•orthometric heights can be measured accurately by
geometric levelling techniques
However, this is a slow and expensive process a direct
and accurate measure of the geoid can be obtained by
N=h-H.
Vrince Vimal,CSED BAHIR DAR
UNIVERSITY
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34. A-4,, Least square methods, Relation positioning,
Ground transportation, orbit determination
climate research
Thank you
Vrince Vimal,CSED BAHIR DAR
UNIVERSITY
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