GPS helps us identify exact location of a place/feature in the globe. Now-a-days we can carry out survey, enter data and process data. GPS is very helpful in soil survey
In recent years, the talk on Organic Farming is going on. how can we control the weed plants in the field without using the herbicide the question. there are several methods traditionally used and scientifically proved methods are discussed here.
In recent years, the talk on Organic Farming is going on. how can we control the weed plants in the field without using the herbicide the question. there are several methods traditionally used and scientifically proved methods are discussed here.
GIS and Remote Sensing in Diagnosis and Management of Problem Soil with audio...KaminiKumari13
GIS and Remote Sensing in Diagnosis and Management of Problem Soil for agriculture, soil science, agronomy, forestry, land management and planning with audio by Dr. Kamini Roy
Agronomic and cultural practices of black gram (soil ,climate ,seed rate ,distribution ,varieties, diseases and pest management,maturity ,harvesting, yield )
Recommendations for the farmer to get maximum yield .
Introduction
enlist of problematic soil
Salt affected soil
Characteristic of salt affected soil
Comparison between salt affected soil
Reclamation of Saline soils
Reclamation of sodic soils
Reclamation of saline-sodic soils
Acidic soils
Reclamation of acidic soil
Acid Sulphate soils and its management
Calcareous soil
Definition and introduction of fertilizer use efficiency , Causes for Low and Declining Crop Response to Fertilizers and FUE.Methods to increase fertilizer use efficiency.
Application of Remote Sensing in AgricultureUTTAM KUMAR
Remote sensing has been found to be a valuable tool in evaluation, monitoring and management of land, water and crop resources. The launching of the Indian remote sensing satellite (IRS) has enhanced the capabilities for better utilization of this technology and significant progress has been made in soil and land cover mapping, land degradation studies, monitoring of waste land, assessment of crop conditions crop acreage and production estimates
The Contingency plans cover contingency strategies to be taken up by farmers in response to major weather related aberrations such as delay in onset and breaks in monsoon causing early, mid and late season droughts, floods, unusual rains, extreme weather events such as heat wave, cold wave, frost, hailstorm and cyclone.
GIS and Remote Sensing in Diagnosis and Management of Problem Soil with audio...KaminiKumari13
GIS and Remote Sensing in Diagnosis and Management of Problem Soil for agriculture, soil science, agronomy, forestry, land management and planning with audio by Dr. Kamini Roy
Agronomic and cultural practices of black gram (soil ,climate ,seed rate ,distribution ,varieties, diseases and pest management,maturity ,harvesting, yield )
Recommendations for the farmer to get maximum yield .
Introduction
enlist of problematic soil
Salt affected soil
Characteristic of salt affected soil
Comparison between salt affected soil
Reclamation of Saline soils
Reclamation of sodic soils
Reclamation of saline-sodic soils
Acidic soils
Reclamation of acidic soil
Acid Sulphate soils and its management
Calcareous soil
Definition and introduction of fertilizer use efficiency , Causes for Low and Declining Crop Response to Fertilizers and FUE.Methods to increase fertilizer use efficiency.
Application of Remote Sensing in AgricultureUTTAM KUMAR
Remote sensing has been found to be a valuable tool in evaluation, monitoring and management of land, water and crop resources. The launching of the Indian remote sensing satellite (IRS) has enhanced the capabilities for better utilization of this technology and significant progress has been made in soil and land cover mapping, land degradation studies, monitoring of waste land, assessment of crop conditions crop acreage and production estimates
The Contingency plans cover contingency strategies to be taken up by farmers in response to major weather related aberrations such as delay in onset and breaks in monsoon causing early, mid and late season droughts, floods, unusual rains, extreme weather events such as heat wave, cold wave, frost, hailstorm and cyclone.
Effect of Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) on the Network Estimated VariablesIDES Editor
The classical method of power measurement of a
system are iterative and bulky in nature. The new technique
of measurement for bus voltage, bus current and power flow is
a Phasor Measurement Unit. The classical technique and PMUs
are combined with full weighted least square state estimator
method of measurement will improves the accuracy of the
measurement. In this paper, the method of combining Full
weighted least square state estimation method and classical
method incorporation with PMU for measurement of power
will be investigated. Some cases are tested in view of accuracy
and reliability by introducing of PMUs and their effect on
variables like power flows are illustrated. The comparison of
power obtained on each bus of IEEE 9 and IEEE 14 bus system
will be discussed.
This presentation covers measurement of physical quantities, system of units, dimensional analysis & error analysis. I hope this PPT will be helpful for instructors as well as students.
Planimeter - GPS Area Measure. Description, Features and Applications.VisTech.Projects
"Planimeter - GPS Area Measure" app available on both Android and iOS platforms.
iOS:http://goo.gl/vdLbDw
Android: http://goo.gl/Y4hoJH
"Planimeter - GPS Area Measure" is our mobile application for different land measurements on maps using Geo-coordinates, Satellite view with manual touch or GPS tracking. This measurement app is useful for outdoor activities and can be used as land surveyor by amateurs and professionals in various industries like sport, farming, landscaping, paving and construction, road building and repairing, real estate business, hiking and travel, fencing, lot building and planning, solar panel installation (roof area estimation), object mapping, lawn design, and many other where land area and distance / length calculations, land survey or maps are involved.
Faculty of Engineering & Technology , Gurukula Kangri University , Haridwarashwini kumar
Topic:- Tachometer
Description :- This is use to measure the speed of rotating machines in rpm....
Ashwini kumar
Electrical Engineering
ashwinikmr555@gmail.com
+919027134556
Global Positioning System (GPS) is the only system today able to show one’s own position on the earth any time in any weather, anywhere. This paper addresses this satellite based navigation system at length. The different segments of GPS viz. space segment, control segment, user segment are discussed. In addition, how this amazing system GPS works, is clearly described. The various errors that degrade the performance of GPS are also included. DIFFERENTIAL GPS, which is used to improve the accuracy of measurements, is also studied. The need, working and implementation of DGPS are discussed at length. Finally, the paper ends with advanced application of GPS.
Brilliant Lecture delivered to me in Alagappa Engineering college Workshop.
The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite
based radio navigation system provided by the
United States Department of Defence. It gives
unequaled accuracy and flexibility in positioning
for navigation, surveying and GIS data collection.
Soil is one of the most important water storage in nature.
Water content in the soil is very significant parameter of water regime of the country which significantly depends on soil area and quality of soil. Lower acreage of soil and lower soil quality lead to less water content in the country and vice versa.
Human activities (agriculture, forest management, soil sealing) are still important factors of water regimes of land.
Mainly agriculture drives the soil water regime from positive or negative points of view.
Brick kilns are usually used to manufacture bricks (building blocks) in Bangladesh which have many drawbacks. They pollute the environment by emitting black C to atmosphere. Moreover, fertile topsoil of agricultural lands are usually used for brick making by fixed chimney kilns.
The population of Bangladesh is projected to be double the current 2010 level by 2050. Demand for water will rise with the increasing demand for rice. Winter months, i.e., November to March, are very dry in Bangladesh due to low rainfall whereas about 95% of annual rainfall occurs during April to October.
Iran a west Asian country has made significant advances in science and technology in last decades. Every one need to know the status of Iran so that they can get the real picture.
Bangladesh being a small country in South Asia has inventoried NR database for sustainable agricultural development planning needed to feed the burgeoning population
Bangladesh though a LDC have generated national database on Land and Soil Resources which is mainly used for agricultural development planning and farmers service. SOLARIS and OFRS are two systems dealing with the NR database to generate output needed by academicians, researchers, extentionists and farmers
Soil and land resource is vital NR in Bangladesh. Every inch of it is vital the very existence of 165 million people. The ways and means of maintaining its status is important.
Kubernetes & AI - Beauty and the Beast !?! @KCD Istanbul 2024Tobias Schneck
As AI technology is pushing into IT I was wondering myself, as an “infrastructure container kubernetes guy”, how get this fancy AI technology get managed from an infrastructure operational view? Is it possible to apply our lovely cloud native principals as well? What benefit’s both technologies could bring to each other?
Let me take this questions and provide you a short journey through existing deployment models and use cases for AI software. On practical examples, we discuss what cloud/on-premise strategy we may need for applying it to our own infrastructure to get it to work from an enterprise perspective. I want to give an overview about infrastructure requirements and technologies, what could be beneficial or limiting your AI use cases in an enterprise environment. An interactive Demo will give you some insides, what approaches I got already working for real.
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
Search and Society: Reimagining Information Access for Radical FuturesBhaskar Mitra
The field of Information retrieval (IR) is currently undergoing a transformative shift, at least partly due to the emerging applications of generative AI to information access. In this talk, we will deliberate on the sociotechnical implications of generative AI for information access. We will argue that there is both a critical necessity and an exciting opportunity for the IR community to re-center our research agendas on societal needs while dismantling the artificial separation between the work on fairness, accountability, transparency, and ethics in IR and the rest of IR research. Instead of adopting a reactionary strategy of trying to mitigate potential social harms from emerging technologies, the community should aim to proactively set the research agenda for the kinds of systems we should build inspired by diverse explicitly stated sociotechnical imaginaries. The sociotechnical imaginaries that underpin the design and development of information access technologies needs to be explicitly articulated, and we need to develop theories of change in context of these diverse perspectives. Our guiding future imaginaries must be informed by other academic fields, such as democratic theory and critical theory, and should be co-developed with social science scholars, legal scholars, civil rights and social justice activists, and artists, among others.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Let's dive deeper into the world of ODC! Ricardo Alves (OutSystems) will join us to tell all about the new Data Fabric. After that, Sezen de Bruijn (OutSystems) will get into the details on how to best design a sturdy architecture within ODC.
2. The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a space-
based satellite navigation system that provides
location and time information in all weather
conditions, anywhere on or near the Earth where
there is an unobstructed line of sight to four or more
GPS satellites.
A global navigation satellite system consisting of
positioning satellites and their associated ground
stations.
The system provides critical capabilities to military,
civil and commercial users around the world.
It is maintained by the US government and is freely
accessible to anyone with a GPS receiver.
3. The GPS project was developed in 1973 to overcome the limitations of previous navigation
systems, integrating ideas from several predecessors, including a number of classified
engineering design studies from the 1960s.
GPS was created and realized by the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) and was originally run
with 24 satellites. It became fully operational in 1995. Bradford Parkinson, Roger L. Easton,
and Ivan A. Getting are credited with inventing it.
Advances in technology and new demands on the existing system have now led to efforts to
modernize the GPS system and implement the next generation of GPS III satellites and Next
Generation Operational Control System (OCX).
Announcements from Vice President Al Gore and the White House in 1998 initiated these
changes. In 2000, the U.S. Congress authorized the modernization effort, GPS III.
In addition to GPS, other systems are in use or under development. The Russian Global
Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS) was developed contemporaneously with GPS, but
suffered from incomplete coverage of the globe until the mid-2000s.
There are also the planned European Union Galileo positioning system, Chinese Compass
navigation system, and Indian Regional Navigational Satellite System.
4. Block
Launch
Period
Satellite launches
Currently in orbit
and healthySuccess Failure In preparation Planned
I 1978–1985 10 1 0 0 0
II 1989–1990 9 0 0 0 0
IIA 1990–1997 19 0 0 0 9
IIR 1997–2004 12 1 0 0 12
IIR-M 2005–2009 8 0 0 0 7
IIF From 2010 4 0 10 0 4
IIIA From 2014 0 0 0 12 0
IIIB — 0 0 0 8 0
IIIC — 0 0 0 16 0
Total 61 2 10 36 31
(Last update: November 30, 2013)
5. Satellites are placed in Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) at
an altitude of 12,552 miles
Orbital periods of MEO satellites range from 2 - 12
hrs.
Orbital period of GPS satellites is 12 hours (2
rotations/day)
GPS Satellites travel at a speed of 7,000 mph
Orbits are arranged so that at any time, anywhere on
Earth, at least four satellites are visible in the sky
6. A visual example of a 24 satellite GPS constellation in motion with
the Earth rotating. About nine satellites are visible from any point
on the ground at any one time, ensuring considerable redundancy
over the minimum four satellites needed for a position.
7. A GPS receiver calculates its position by
precisely timing the signals sent by GPS
satellites high above the Earth.
Each satellite continually transmits messages
that include-
the time the message was transmitted
satellite position at time of message
transmission
Differential time of arrival and triangulation
are the methods used to determine location
in a GPS system.
8. Differential Time of Arrival: Differential time of
arrival is the method used to determine how far
each satellite is from a GPS device. Although
each satellite transmits its position and the time
it was at that position, it takes time for that
signal to reach the Earth.
The receiver contains a very accurate clock,
which can determine the difference in time
between the current time and when the satellite
sent the signal. With this differential time and
the speed of radio waves, the distance from each
of the three satellites can be determined using
the simple formula:
Rate x Time = Distance
9. Trilateration
Trilateration is a method that is used to determine
position on Earth in three dimensions. GPS deals with
three-dimensions rather than two. Since the distance
from the Earth to a satellite results in a sphere
rather than a flat circle, the calculation is a bit
complex.
Using trilateration, rather than draw circles to
determine position we need to draw spheres.
For example, if the first acquired satellite is 25,000
miles from position one cannot simply draw a circle
around that satellite and determine a position 25,000
miles from it. A sphere must be plotted, extending
toward Earth and away from Earth.
10. A second satellite is calculated to be 25,001 miles from
position, resulting in another sphere. The two spheres
intersect, creating a perfect circle. A circular plane now
exists, extending down through the earth and out into
space. A large number of potential positions have now
been eliminated, but there is not yet an exact location.
Many potential positions still exist and a third satellite is
needed to define a sphere that intersects with the two
current spheres resulting in two points that define
possible position. One point is in space and one is on
earth. Since the world is roughly a sphere, the point in
space can be eliminated and the approximate position of
the GPS receiver is located on Earth.
A fourth satellite is necessary to account for altitude and
provide an exact fix of the location. The plotting of a
fourth sphere provides the exact location and altitude of
the receiver at the time the four measurements were
taken.
11. The receiver uses the messages it receives to determine
the transit time of each message and computes the
distance to each satellite using the speed of light.
Each of these distances and satellites' locations defines
a sphere.
The receiver is on the surface of each of these spheres
when the distances and the satellites' locations are
correct.
These distances and satellites' locations are used to
compute the location of the receiver using the
navigation equations.
This location is then displayed, perhaps with a moving
map display or latitude and longitude; elevation or
altitude information may be included, based on height
above the geoid (e.g. EGM96).
In typical GPS operation, four or more satellites must be
visible to obtain an accurate result.
13. The current GPS consists of three major
segments.
These are the space segment (SS), a control
segment (CS), and a user segment (US).
The U.S. Air Force develops, maintains, and
operates the space and control segments.
GPS satellites broadcast signals from space,
and each GPS receiver uses these signals to
calculate its three-dimensional location
(latitude, longitude, and altitude) and the
current time.
14. The space segment is composed of 24 to 32 satellites in
medium Earth orbit and also includes the payload
adapters to the boosters required to launch them into
orbit.
The control segment is composed of a master control
station, an alternate master control station, and a host
of dedicated and shared ground antennas and monitor
stations.
The user segment is composed of hundreds of thousands
of U.S. and allied military users of the secure GPS
Precise Positioning Service, and tens of millions of civil,
commercial, and scientific users of the Standard
Positioning Service.
15. CONTROL SEGMENT: Ground monitor
station used from 1984 to 2007SPACE SEGMENT: Satellite
USER SEGMENT: GPS
Figure: Structure of GPS
16. GPS receivers are composed of an antenna,
tuned to the frequencies transmitted by the
satellites, receiver-processors, and a highly
stable clock (often a crystal oscillator).
They may also include a display for providing
location and speed information to the user.
A receiver is often described by its number of
channels: this signifies how many satellites it
can monitor simultaneously.
Originally limited to four or five, this has
progressively increased over the years so that,
as of 2007, receivers typically have between 12
and 20 channels.
17. While originally a military project, GPS is
considered a dual-use technology, meaning it has
significant military and civilian applications.
GPS has become a widely deployed and useful tool
for commerce, scientific uses, tracking, and
surveillance.
GPS's accurate time facilitates everyday activities
such as banking, mobile phone operations, and even
the control of power grids by allowing well
synchronized hand-off switching.
18. Astronomy: both positional and clock synchronization data is used in Astrometry and
Celestial mechanics calculations. It is also used in amateur astronomy using small
telescopes to professionals observatories, for example, while finding extrasolar
planets.
Automated vehicle: applying location and routes for cars and trucks to function
without a human driver.
Cartography: both civilian and military cartographers use GPS extensively.
Cellular telephony: clock synchronization enables time transfer, which is critical for
synchronizing its spreading codes with other base stations to facilitate inter-cell
handoff and support hybrid GPS/cellular position detection for mobile emergency calls
and other applications. The first handsets with integrated GPS launched in the late
1990s. The U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) mandated the feature in
either the handset or in the towers (for use in triangulation) in 2002 so emergency
services could locate 911 callers. Third-party software developers later gained access
to GPS APIs from Nextel upon launch, followed by Sprint in 2006, and Verizon soon
thereafter.
Clock synchronization: the accuracy of GPS time signals (±10 ns) is second only to the
atomic clocks upon which they are based.
19. Disaster relief/emergency services: depend upon GPS for location
and timing capabilities.
Meteorology-Upper Airs: measure and calculate the atmospheric
pressure, wind speed and direction up to 27 km from the earth's
surface
Fleet Tracking: the use of GPS technology to identify, locate and
maintain contact reports with one or more fleet vehicles in real-
time.
Geofencing: vehicle tracking systems, person tracking systems, and
pet tracking systems use GPS to locate a vehicle, person, or pet.
These devices are attached to the vehicle, person, or the pet
collar. The application provides continuous tracking and mobile or
Internet updates should the target leave a designated area.[72]
Geotagging: applying location coordinates to digital objects such as
photographs (in exif data) and other documents for purposes such
as creating map overlays with devices like Nikon GP-1
20. GPS Aircraft Tracking
GPS for Mining: the use of RTK GPS has significantly improved several
mining operations such as drilling, shoveling, vehicle tracking, and
surveying. RTK GPS provides centimeter-level positioning accuracy.
GPS tours: location determines what content to display; for instance,
information about an approaching point of interest.
Navigation: navigators value digitally precise velocity and orientation
measurements.
Phasor measurements: GPS enables highly accurate timestamping of power
system measurements, making it possible to compute phasors.
Recreation: for example, geocaching, geodashing, GPS drawing and
waymarking.
Robotics: self-navigating, autonomous robots using a GPS sensors, which
calculate latitude, longitude, time, speed, and heading.
Surveying: surveyors use absolute locations to make maps and determine
property boundaries.
Tectonics: GPS enables direct fault motion measurement in earthquakes.
Telematics: GPS technology integrated with computers and mobile
communications technology in automotive navigation systems
21. Proceed to an outdoor location with a clear view of the sky from
horizon to horizon. You should stand well away from the building,
trees, etc., so that you have an unobstructed view of the sky.
Hold the receiver at arm's length from your body so the built-in
antenna (the flat area above the display) is parallel to the
ground. Power-on the GPS receiver by pressing the red key. After
the Welcome Page, by default the receiver displays the Satellite
Status Page (sky view) and begins searching for satellite signals.
GPS receivers get their information from a system of 24 orbiting
satellites located approximately 18,300 kilometers (11,000 miles)
above the Earth's surface. To provide accurate position
information, the receiver must be able to "see" three or four
satellites.
As satellites are acquired, you will see bars appear on the graph
at the bottom of the display; these bars indicate the strength of
the satellite signal. Once enough satellites have been acquired,
the Satellite Status Page will disappear automatically and be
replaced with the Position Page (graphic compass).
22. Your GPS receiver has been pre-programmed (by
your instructor) with a mystery location. Now
let's explore how the GPS receiver can be used
to navigate to an unknown location.
Randomly choose three-to-five different
locations on the grounds. These locations should
be fairly distant from each other (at least 500
feet apart). Remember to choose locations
where the GPS receiver will have a good view of
the sky.
23. Proceed to Point No. 1. Record the following
information in the data table below:
Use the Position Page (graphic compass) to acquire
your current position. Record your latitude and
longitude.
Press the GOTO key. The Navigation Page (graphic
highway) will appear with the waypoint field
highlighted. Press the up or down arrow keys to
scroll through the available waypoints until
"MYSLOC" (short for "mystery location") is
displayed.
Press the ENTER key to confirm that you want to
navigate to "MYSLOC". Record the bearing (in
degrees) and distance (in kilometers) to the
mystery location.
Briefly describe the location.
24. Repeat Steps 1-3 until you have visited at least
three different locations on the grounds. Do not
actually go to the mystery location!
Field Data
Point
No.
Latitude
(deg. N)
Longitude
(deg. W)
Bearing
(deg.)
Distance
(km)
Brief
Description
1
2
3
4
5
25. Using your Field Data for Point No. 1
(latitude, longitude, and distance), draw
Circle 1. Technique Hint: Use latitude and
longitude to locate Point 1 on the map; use
the map scale to measure the radius of Circle
1; draw the circle.
Using your Field Data for Point No. 2, draw
Circle 2.
Using your Field Data for Point No. 3, draw
Circle 3.
You would discover that there is one and only
one point where all three circles intersect.
26. Yield Monitoring Systems
Yield monitoring systems typically utilize a mass flow sensor for
continuous measuring of the harvested weight of the crop. The
sensor is normally located at the top of the clean grain elevator.
As the grain is conveyed into the grain tank, it strikes the sensor
and the amount of force applied to the sensor represents the
recorded yield. While this is happening, the grain is being tested
for moisture to adjust the yield value accordingly.
At the same time, a sensor is detecting header position to
determine whether yield data should be recorded. Header width
is normally entered manually into the monitor and a GPS, radar,
or a wheel rotation sensor is used to determine travel speed. The
data is displayed on a monitor located in the combine cab and
stored on a computer card for transfer to an office computer for
analysis.
Yield monitors require regular calibration to account for varying
conditions, crops, and test weights. Yield monitoring systems cost
approximately $3,000 to $4,000, excluding the cost of the GPS
unit.
27. GPS technology is used to locate and map
regions of fields, such as high weed, disease,
and pest infestations. Rocks, potholes, power
lines, tree rows, broken drain tile, poorly
drained regions, and other landmarks can
also be recorded for future reference.
GPS is used to locate and map soil-sampling
locations, allowing growers to develop
contour maps showing fertility variations
throughout fields.
The various datasets are added as map layers
in geographic information system (GIS)
computer programs. GIS programs are used
to analyze and correlate information
between GIS layers.
28. GPS technology is used to vary crop inputs
throughout a field based on GIS maps or real-time
sensing of crop conditions. Variable rate technology
requires a GPS receiver, a computer controller, and
a regulated drive mechanism mounted on the
applicator. Crop input equipment, such as planters
or chemical applicators, can be equipped to vary
one or several products simultaneously.
Variable rate technology (VRT) is used to vary
fertilizer, seed, herbicide, fungicide, and insecticide
rates and for adjusting irrigation applications. The
cost of all of the components necessary for variable
rate application of several products is
approximately $15,000, not including the cost of the
GPS receiver. Technology capable of varying just one
product costs approximately $4,000.
29. The drawback to current GPS units is that
they cannot track positions inside of
buildings or other places that shield signals
coming from satellites.