Globalization is the process of increasing integration and exchange between countries through trade and cultural exchange. It has been driven by advances in technology and transportation. Key events promoting globalization include the 1945 Bretton Woods Agreement which established institutions like the IMF and World Bank, and the post-WWII Marshall Plan which invested $12 billion to rebuild Europe. Globalization involves the increased flow of goods, services, finances, people, ideas and culture across borders.

2. Globalization is the process of shifting the world we live in the place of
isolation to place of integration. It is the product of advancement of
technology.
Globalization or globalisation is the process of international integration
arising from the interchange of world views, products, ideas, and other
aspects of culture.
Simply stated, globalization means an increase in cross-border
interactions that includes the flow of goods, services, finances, people,
nature, laws and ideas that lead to high similarity globally in different life
spheres.

3. 1945 Agreement Bretton Wood
 IMF
 World Bank
 GATT ( General Agreement of Trade and Tariff) or WTO
 UN
Marshal Plan 1948, $12 Bn

4. Trade and Transaction
 Capital investment and Movement
 Migration and Movement of People
 Dissemination of Knowledge

5.  Economic Globalization
 Cultural Globalization
 Political Globalization

6.  Neoliberalism( Increase powers of Govt and Unions, Shrinking Corporate profits)
 Underground Globalization ( run by criminals, Illegal flow of goods, services etc, it supports neoliberalism means complete absence of
Govt control, legality, and morality)
 Keynesian Globalization ( Encourage Foreign Aid, technology, and long term projects, discourage short term projects, stop the import
of intermediate goods)
 Ecological Globalization ( Global Warming)
 Green Globalization ( Countries should live within ecological limits, Rich countries should start it first, then developing)

7.  It will reduce Poverty
 It will provide employment
 It will bring technology
 It will bring Economic Stability

8.  Capital
 High Technology
 Foreign Financial Investment/ FDI
 Capitalism
 Reduce Social Expenditures
 Open Gate for Multinational Companies/ Corporations
 National Treatment with the Multinational Companies

9. Liberals:
1. It increases interdependence
2. It ends isolation
3. It makes state dependent
 Realists:
1. Integration can’t be left
2. Cooperation can’t be left
3. It creates a position of winner and loser
4. It can’t control future

10.  Common Problems
 Free Trade
Competitive Prices
 Single Global Market
 Modernization

11.  Limited Resources
 Degradation of Environment
Multinational Corporation
Technology Theft
Spread of Diseases

12.  Leadership
 Balanced Trade
 Controlling Climate Change
 Rules and Regulation