The lecture analyzes the phenomenon of Globalization, the technological revolution, the over exploitation of ICTs, and the rise of Information Society.
Globalization, ICTs, and the Information societyBoutkhil Guemide
In a world characterized by globalization and shaped by information and communication, the ability to act on information flows, and on media messages, becomes an essential tool for fostering a political agenda. With noopolitik, diplomacy will now include not only governments but also the societies they represent.
Globalization, ICTs, and the Information societyBoutkhil Guemide
In a world characterized by globalization and shaped by information and communication, the ability to act on information flows, and on media messages, becomes an essential tool for fostering a political agenda. With noopolitik, diplomacy will now include not only governments but also the societies they represent.
Definition of globalization. Types of globalization. Advantage of globalization: Cultural impact of globalization.Economic impact of globalization. Disadvantages of Globalization
Globalization and Nigeria’s quest for self-Reliance and Political sovereignty...inventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Globalization represents an unavoidable phenomenon in the history of mankind, which is making the world smaller and smaller by increasing the exchange of goods, services, information, knowledge and cultures between different countries, therefore, it is very important to understand the "why, where, what and how" of our current situation.
International business management essay globalizationBobby Darmawan
It is very hard to determine whether globalization is a good or bad thing. But after reviewing some literature, I would have to say that globalization is a good thing, despite all the critics. The most important thing is the usage of globalization to promote end of poverty.
Globalization, ICTs, and the Information SocietyBoutkhil Guemide
In a world characterized by globalization and shaped by information and communication, the ability to act on information flows, and on media messages, becomes an essential tool for fostering a political agenda. With noopolitik, diplomacy will now include not only governments but also the societies they represent.
Definition of globalization. Types of globalization. Advantage of globalization: Cultural impact of globalization.Economic impact of globalization. Disadvantages of Globalization
Globalization and Nigeria’s quest for self-Reliance and Political sovereignty...inventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Globalization represents an unavoidable phenomenon in the history of mankind, which is making the world smaller and smaller by increasing the exchange of goods, services, information, knowledge and cultures between different countries, therefore, it is very important to understand the "why, where, what and how" of our current situation.
International business management essay globalizationBobby Darmawan
It is very hard to determine whether globalization is a good or bad thing. But after reviewing some literature, I would have to say that globalization is a good thing, despite all the critics. The most important thing is the usage of globalization to promote end of poverty.
Globalization, ICTs, and the Information SocietyBoutkhil Guemide
In a world characterized by globalization and shaped by information and communication, the ability to act on information flows, and on media messages, becomes an essential tool for fostering a political agenda. With noopolitik, diplomacy will now include not only governments but also the societies they represent.
Globalization_- Definition, Processes and Concepts.pdfDhruvita1
Globalization is a term used to describe how trade and technology have made the world into a more connected and interdependent place. Globalization also captures in its scope the economic and social changes that have come about as a result.
As per the adage, ‘Every cloud has a silver lining’, we have observed that pro- and anti-globalization go hand in hand. If one section of the society considers it to be advancing for good, other section will always pick the bad out of it.
Pro-globalists debate that globalization brings about much increased opportunities for almost everyone, and increased competition is a good thing since it makes agents of production more efficient, the anti-globalists, on the contrary, argue that certain groups of people who are devoid in terms of resources are not currently capable of functioning within the increased competitive pressure that will be brought about by allowing their economic to be more connected to the rest of the world.
Let's read more to understand the impact of both the faces of globalists, their ideology and perception.
Happy reading!
This ppt file contains complete information about galobalization and its very simple to present because its very relitive to the topic.
I present this to my class and got 10/10.
Its well designed and much easy to view the whole globalization .Its contains detaid information about globalization causes of globalization effects of globalization law of globalization and analysis of advantages and disadvantages of globalization.
I you pick this presentation you just need to change the name because it don't have unrelated constants.
Since Islam originated and has developed in an Arab culture, other cultures which have adopted Islam have tended to be influenced by Arab customs. Thus Arab Muslim societies and other Muslims have cultural affinities, though every society has preserved its distinguishing characteristics. Islamic culture inherited an Arab culture born in the desert, simple but by no means simplistic. It has an oral tradition based on the transmission of culture through poetry and narrative. However, it has been the written record that has had the greatest impact on civilization. Islam civilization is based on the value of education, which both the Qur'an and the Prophet stressed.
One of the distinctive features of the Islamic tradition is its rapid expansion into a large and diverse civilization, soon becoming divided into several centers of political authority. Although the Prophet’s activities were mostly limited to the Arabian Peninsula and the Levant, after his death the first four “Rightly Guided” caliphs sent armies to conquer Syria, Egypt, Iraq and parts of Persia, which were then within the declining Byzantine and Persian empires.
Carthage was a Phoenician state that included, during the 7th–3rd centuries BC, its wider sphere of influence known as the Carthaginian Empire. The empire extended over much of the coast of Northwest Africa as well as encompassing substantial parts of coastal Iberia and the islands of the western Mediterranean Sea.
The Kingdom of Carthage was the major power in the western Mediterranean from its establishment by the semi-legendary Queen Dido in 814 B.C. until its fall following its struggles against the rising Roman Republic. Carthage was one of the great trading powers of the Mediterranean and had relatively few rivals until its fall from grace, namely the Etruscans and the Greek city-states of Sicily and Cyrenaica. Much of Carthage's foreign policy depended on maintaining its mercantile dominance and expanding its control over island territories with which it could base its powerful navies and trade fleet.
The Phoenicians were the great mariners of the ancient world, and their thalassocracy (maritime realm) was organized into city-states. It is important to understand there was never a country or empire called “Phoenicia.” A possible origin of the historical name for this Semitic/Canaanite culture might have come from the ancient Greek Φοινίκη (Phoiníkē) meaning “Purple Land.” That is because the Phoenicians were famous in their own time for their dark purple dye—a rare and prized commodity. Inhabitants of the Phoenician city-states along the Eastern Mediterranean coast (like Sidon and Tyre) might have called themselves Kenaani (Canaanites).
With the coming of the new millenuim, the entire world has entered the globalized age, which is characterized by the US global power leading the world after the fall of the ex- USSR. The emergence of globaization rose several questions about the role of the US: Is it acting in favor preserving the world cultures, or trying to model the world according to the US Western and liberal values? This; in fact, has paved the way to rise of such theories, expliaing that the US has enetered a new phase of conflict which is basically cutural in order to survive and promote its cultural values.
The Bush era has seen remarkable change in the US foreign policy. After 9/ 11 attacks, President Bush (the son) initiated the Bush Doctrine and started his war on terror which had such implications as the invasion of Afghanistan in 2011, and the invasion of Iraq in 2003.
Computer-mediated communication (CMC) refers to human communication via computers and includes many different forms of synchronous, asynchronous or real-time interaction that humans have with each other using computers as tools to exchange text, images, audio and video.
The Bill Clinton Era the 1990s and the new millenniumBoutkhil Guemide
The Presidency of Bill Clinton has been an important era in the history of the US. Clinton is best known of his economic policies; namely, Clintonomics which produced a huge surplus of the budget. In foreign policy, Clinton is best known of the Engagement and Enlargement which relied on building of a new world order based on both Democracy and Freemarket economy.
Globally, educational systems are adopting new technologies to integrate ICT in the teaching and learning process, to prepare students with the knowledge and skills they need in their subject matter. In this way the teaching profession is evolving from teacher-centered to student-centered learning environments. ICT integration is understood as the usage of technology seamlessly for educational processes like transacting curricular content and students working on technology to do authentic tasks. Nowadays ICT facilitate not only the delivery of lessons but also the learning process itself. This includes computer based technologies, digital imaging, the internet, file servers, data storage devices, network infrastructure, desktops, laptops and broadcasting technologies namely radio and television, and telephone which are used as instructional tools at schools.
Globally, educational systems are adopting new technologies to integrate ICT in the teaching and learning process, to prepare students with the knowledge and skills they need in their subject matter. In this way the teaching profession is evolving from teacher- centered to student- centered learning environments. ICT integration is understood as the usage of technology seamlessly for educational processes like transacting curricular content and students working on technology to do authentic tasks.
Nowadays ICT facilitate not only the delivery of lessons but also the learning process itself. This includes computer based technologies, digital imaging, the internet, file servers, data storage devices, network infrastructure, desktops, laptops and broadcasting technologies namely radio and television, and telephone which are used as instructional tools at schools.
The US presence in the Middle East can be explained to the fact that it always defends its interets in the region. For, that reason, the US uses divergent means and methods to achieve its ends.
Reagan's 1980 election resulted from a dramatic conservative shift to the right in American politics, including a loss of confidence in liberal, New Deal, and Great Society programs and priorities that had dominated the national agenda since the 1930s.
Domestically, the Reagan administration enacted a major tax cut, sought to cut non-military spending, and eliminated federal regulations. The administration's economic policies, known as "Reaganomics", were inspired by supply-side economics. The combination of tax cuts and an increase in defense spending led to budget deficits, and the federal debt increased significantly during Reagan's tenure. Reagan signed the Tax Reform Act of 1986 (which simplified the tax code by reducing rates and removing several tax breaks) and the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986. Reagan also appointed more federal judges than any other president, including four Supreme Court Justices.
Reagan's foreign policy stance was resolutely anti-communist; its plan of action, known as the Reagan Doctrine, sought to roll back the global influence of the Soviet Union in an attempt to end the Cold War. Under this doctrine, the Reagan administration initiated a massive buildup of the United States military; promoted new technologies such as missile defense systems; and, in 1983, undertook an invasion of Grenada, the first major overseas action by U.S. troops since the end of the Vietnam War. The administration also created controversy by granting aid to paramilitary forces seeking to overthrow leftist governments, particularly in war-torn Central America and Afghanistan. Specifically, the Reagan administration engaged in covert arms sales to Iran to fund Contra rebels in Nicaragua that were fighting to overthrow their nation's socialist government; the resulting scandal led to the conviction or resignation of several administration officials. During Reagan's second term, he sought closer relations with Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev, and the two leaders signed a major arms control agreement known as the INF Treaty.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
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2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
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Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
1. Globalization, ICTs,
& the Information
Society
Boutkhil Guemide
University Mohammed Boudiaf, M’sila
Algeria
2. Lecture Outline
INTRODUCTION
Globalization: Definition
Characteristics of Globalization
Effects ofGlobalization and in the 21stcentury
ICTs and Globalization
The growing impact ofICTs onglobalisation
Information Society: Definition and Characteristics
Information Infrastructure, Networks, & Services
Information & social change: Culture, Cognition, & Literacy
Information & social change: Printing & Print Culture
Information & social change: Computer & Computerization
3. INTRODUCTION Achieving financial stability, economicgrowth,andhigher living standards.
There are many different paths that can be taken to achieve these objectives, and every country's
pathwill be differentgiventhe distinctive nature ofnational economiesandpolitical systems.
The factors and potentials contributing to China's high growth rate over the past two decades have
been very different from those that have contributed to high growth in different countries; such
as,Malaysia,Indonesia,andSingapore.
Throughout the world, several basic principles seem to underpin greater prosperity: Investment,
the spread of technology, strong institutions, macroeconomic policies, an educated workforce, and
the existenceofamarketeconomy.
Furthermore, a common denominator which appears to link nearly all high- growth countries
togetheristheir participation in, andintegrationwith, the global economy.
There is substantial evidence, from countries of different sizes and different regions, that as
countries "globalize" their citizens benefit, in the form of access to a wider variety of goods and
services, lower prices, more and better-paying jobs, improved health, and higher overall living
standards.
Much has been achieved in connection with globalization: Poverty declined in East and South Asia,
great progress has been achieved in different economies; and development has been noticed in
differentsocieties.
It is the people of developing economies who have the greatest need for globalization: It provides
themwith opportunitiesofbeing partofthe world economy.
4. Whatis Globalization?
Grewal & Levy (2009): “Processes by which goods, services, capital, people,
information, and ideas flowacross national borders”.
Wild, Wild, & Han (2008): “Trend toward greater economic, cultural, political, and
technological interdependence among national institutions and economies”.
A new epoch in human history: A new age in which peoples everywhere are
increasingly subject to the disciplines of the global market.
Giddens (1999): “Globalization is changing and transforming the structure of
states, the nature of economies, and most of our basic institutions. It is equated
with liberalizationin politics, economy, and culture”.
Economic "globalization" is a historical process, the result of human innovation
and technological progress: It refers to the increasing integration of economies
around the world, particularly through the movement of goods, services, and
capital across borders.
The term sometimes also refers to the movement of people (labor) and knowledge
(technology) across international borders.
5. The term "globalization" began to be used more commonly in the 1980s, reflecting
technological advances that made it easier and quicker to complete international
transactions— both trade and financial flows.
It refers to an extension beyond national borders of the same market forces that have
operated for centuries at all levels of human economic activity—village markets, urban
industries, orfinancial centers.
There are countless indicators that illustrate how goods, capital, and people, have become
moreglobalized:
The value of trade (goods and services) as a percentage of world GDP increased from 42.1
percent in 1980 to 62.1percent in 2007.
Foreign direct investment increased from 6.5 percent of world GDP in 1980 to 31.8 percent
in 2006.
The stock of international claims (primarily bank loans), as a percentage of world GDP,
increased from roughly 10 percent in 1980 to 48 percentin 2006.
The number of minutes spent on cross-border telephone calls, on a per-capita basis,
increased from 7.3in 1991 to 28.8 in 2006.
The number of foreign workers has increased from 78 million people (2.4 percent of the
world population) in 1965 to 191 million people (3.0 percent of the world population) in
9. Transparency and Limitless
Each state and each of its residents have a chance to get
influenced by the incoming foreign cultures, or the
influences in all fields freely which can bring good and
bad effects for each individual and the group itself in line
with the supporting of advances in technology and
information.
The main role is a developed country where they do
spread lot of information and they influence the
developing countries.
Limitless or borderless: Every country has the right to
break the national obstacles.
Each country may freely conduct diplomacy or
cooperation with other countries, regardless of time and
range.
We also can openly see what happens out there without
10. Connectivity and Integration
Each region or country has been
connected with the world by way of
'breaking' the national boundaries.
Each individual and state start
building a connection or link
between one society to another, and
also from one country to another
country.
“International Cooperation”: The
existence of the multinational
companies, regional and global
organizations which will lead to
increasing of business performance.
The existence of international and
non- governmental organizations.
11. Science and Technology
Thinking critically: People seemed to
have started to think globally and more
developed.
Changes of space and time: Changes
already happened in transportations and
communications.
The changes of information technology also
can give the effects to another fields like
education, economics, politics, and also
cultures.
The most changes of technology that can
be felt now are there are many global and
sophisticated communication medias like
hand phones, satellite televisions, and also
tablets that we can hold wherever we are.
Those communication media will be
increasingly felt if it is added with the
presence of the Internet as its supporter.
12. Mass Media and Culture Interaction
Globalization: The development of mass
media and the increasing of cultural
interaction.
The development of mass media:
Television, movies, music, and
transmission international news and
sports.
We easily learn, exchange information,
and access other cultures outside of our
culture.
The mixture of western and eastern
cultures.
Popping up a lot of fast food restaurants
which are brought by western culture:
Pronto, Domino’s Pizza, Mc Donald’s, etc.
The incoming of the western music’s that
already spread everywhere.
13. Globalization of Economic Activities
A lot of free trade and the government
does not too control trade anymore.
They still provide the rules and
regulation that guides free trade.
Freedom of businessmen and factory
owners to set up industry and trade
either in their country or abroad.
Big industrials standing wisely on the
top of lands.
Free exchange of investment,
commodities, services, and
technologies between all nations
around the world.
14. Competition and Dependency between Developed
Countries and Developing Countries
The strong flow of information and
technology led to competitiveness.
People who do not have the
advantage will be eliminated and will
be the target to the actors of the
changes in the global situation.
There is a gap between today's
developed countries and developing
countries.
Developed countries dominate
information flow in the world, so it
causes dependency among
developing countries themselves.
15.
16. Effects of Globalization in the 21st century
Positive Impacts NegativeImpacts
A better economy: It introduces rapid development
ofthecapitalmarket
Introducing new technologies: The new
technologies and progress in telecommunication,
introduction of satellites, mobiles … etc. (The results
ofglobalization).
Thenew scientific researchpatterns.
Livingstandardsarerisen.
Globalization introduces better trade: More people
areemployed;Increasing productivity.
Apart from economic aspect, globalization has also
broughtan impactonpoliticalandculturaldomain.
Culturally speaking, globalization has brought in
different ideologies, and thought process amongst
people.
Politically speaking, onset of Western democratic
systemhasanimpacton politics.
Globalization brings fear as well: Because of too
much flow of capital amongst countries, it
introduces unfair and immoral distribution of
income.
Another fear is loosing national integrity: Because of
too much exchange of trade, money, independent
domestic policiesarelost.
Economic crises: Companies cause many people to
loosetheirjobs.
17. ICTs and Globalization
ICTs: Information andCommunicationTechnologies.
“Diverse set of technological tools and resources used to
communicate, and to create, disseminate, store, and manage
information”. i. e. Computers, the Internet, radio and television, and
telephony.
The services, platforms, and devices that have eroded the barriers of
time and space, making swift and efficient international
communicationflows possible.
The term is generally accepted to mean all devices, networking
components, applications and systems that allow people and
organizations (i.e., businesses, nonprofit agencies, governments and
enterprises) tointeractin thedigitalworld.
Digital technologies and infrastructure and products that facilitate
the acquisition, storage, analysis, manipulation, and distribution of
18.
19. Types of ICTs
Other technologies that enable collection, processing,
transmission, and presentation of information in a number of
ways including voice, data, text,images,video, and animation.
There are three dominant ICT technologies: PC, cell-phone/
mobile, theInternet,
ICTs also include webcams, email, DVDs, flash memory, hard
drives, servers, and networks,software.
The list of ICT components is exhaustive, and it continues to
grow: Some components; such as, computers and telephones,
have existed for decades.
Smartphones,digital TVs and robots.
20.
21. ICT has drastically changed how people work, communicate, learn and live: ICT
continuestorevolutionizeallpartsofthehumanexperience.
Since globalization is seen as an increasingly influential social phenomenon that is
strikingly present in reality, Information communication technologies (ICTs) represent
the main drivers of globalized societies based on knowledge in new global era
(Herselman&Hay,2003).
Walsham (2001): “ICTs are deeply implicated in the changes that are taking place in
todays’globalized andmodernsociety.ICTsinfluenceonthemodernsociety hasbeen
very strong and it has resulted in radical transformation in communication and
informationexchangearoundtheworld.”
Kabamba (2008): “Technology advancements that include global telecommunication
infrastructure, cross- border transfer of data, the Internet, satellite networks and
wirelessphonecontributedtotheglobalizationprocess.”
Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) are not only limited to the
transfer of information; they can accelerate development; enhance the effectiveness
and efficiency of the highest priority sectors of socio- economic development; for
instance,healthcare,byintroducingappropriateinformationsystems.
22. It is well known that not all parts of the world are
touched and influenced equally by globalization and
ICTs; there are places, which are totally excluded and
isolated from today’s global changes.
It brings about regionalization and; thus, divides the
world into active players and passiveobservers.
The global information infrastructure is creating gaps
between the rich minority and the poor majority larger
and wider than any other socioeconomic and cultural
phenomena in the history of mankind (Robertson 1992;
Appadurai 1996; Castells1996; Bilas& Frank 2010).
23. INFORMATION SOCIETY: DEFINITION
The most striking feature in the 21st century: Transforming the world
community from the industrial society paradigm to a new civilizational model;
namely, the global information society.
Information and communication technologies have created new conditions for
the emergence of knowledge societies.
The emerging global information society: Its raison d’être is to serve the
building, on a global scale, of knowledge societies that are sources of
development for both developed and developing countries.
In term of information and technologies, many Third World countries suffer
from accumulated intellectual poverty They are unable to
compete intellectuallywith developed countries.
With regard to information, Third World countries have a very limited share in
the production of global information, making them highly dependent on
developed countries.
24. Progress in information technologies and communication is changing the
way we live: how we work and do business, how we educate our children,
study and do research, train ourselves, and how we are entertained. The
information society is not only affecting the way people interact but it is
also requiring the traditional organisational structures to be more flexible,
more participatory and more decentralised. (Chair's conclusions from the
G-7MinisterialConferenceon theInformationSociety, February 1995.)
Information Society: A society characterised by a high level of information
intensity in the everyday life of most citizens, in most organisations and
workplaces; by the use of common or compatible technology for a wide
range of personal, social, educational and business activities, and by the
ability to transmit, receive and exchange digital data rapidly between
places irrespective of distance (IBM Community Development
Foundation,1997).
25. Information Society (IS): A society where the creation, distribution,
use, integration and manipulation of information is a significant
economic, political, and culturalactivity.
The aim of the information society is to gain competitive advantage
internationally, through using Information Technology (IT) in a
creative and productive way.
The knowledge economy is its economic counterpart, whereby
wealth is created through the economic exploitation of
understanding.
People who have the means to partake in this form of society are
sometimes called digital citizens: This is one of many dozen labels
that have been identified to suggest that humans are entering a new
phase of society.
InformationSociety(IS):Thesuccessor to industrialsociety.
26.
27. IS: Theoretical Foundations
Daniel Bell (1973): Post- industrial society (“information economy”,
“information society”,“new economy” and “Networked economy”)
Rise of the service sector
Decline of agricultural-based economy
Predominance of “information-based” work
Knowledge now key factor in the economy, outstripping physical
plant/ manufacturing
Bell (1973): ‘In the pre-industrial society life is a game against
nature where one works with raw muscle power; In the industrial
era where machines predominates in a technical and rationalized
existence, … . In contrast to both, life in the … information society
based on services, is a game between persons what counts is not
raw muscle power or energy but information (pp, 126- 7)
30. Manuel Castells (2000):TheRise of theNetwork Society
“Informational Society”: “it indicates the attribute of a specific form of social organization in which
information generation, processing, and transmission become the fundamental sources of productivity
and power because ofnew technological conditions emerging in this historical period.”
The term means the social structures of the Information Age which is dominated by decentralized
networks;
Social networks:Driven by macro- electronic communication technologies;
“NetworkSociety”: The societyof theInformation Age
Castells :Thefundamental featuresofthe networksociety
Networks : Appropriate instruments for a capitalist economy based on innovation, globalization, and
decentralized communication,
A decent close system of nodes through which communication can occur; Every node is necessary for
thesystem tofunction,
Networks haveopen structure;Theycan expandand contract as necessary;
TheNew Architectureof Society;A dominant modeof social relations;
Timeless time and thespace of flows;Not geographically bounded;
TheNewEconomy: Organized around global networks ofmanagement, capital, and information.
Castells :Increasing interdependency of financial capital and industrial capital (high technology);
Financial capital relieson knowledge and information generated and enhanced by ICT,
Technology and information are decisivetools in generating profits.
31. ManuelCastells(1996):TheNetworkSociety,
Due to the explosion and exploitation of information and modern ICTs, the
Information Society is functioning as a network of social, economic, and
cultural structure,
Modern Information Socities: Network Societies (Proccesses &
phenomena that accompany the implementation of ICTs & the creation of
communicationstructures),
Network Society: Internet network and network connections between the
subjects;
The presence of digital technologies: They form the basic infrastructure of
mediating andincreasingarray of social,political,andeconomic practises,
The creation of the Network Society is the result of New Revolution in
InformationTechnologies.
The network society leads to more connected, productive, accepting, and
open- mindedglobalsociety,
33. Perspectives on the InformationSociety
Technological definitions: focus on rapid increase and
proliferation of information technology and its impact on
society
Economic definitions: focus on measuring size and growth of
informationindustries (as creatorsofwealth)
Occupational definitions: focus on number of individuals
engagedin workrelatedtoinformation
Spatial definitions: focus on networks that connect locations
andhavedramaticeffect ontheorganizationoftimeandspace
Cultural definitions: focus on increase of information in daily
lives
34. Focus on rapid increase and
proliferation of information
technologyandits impactonsociety
New technologies: The most visible
indicators of new times; The coming
ofan informationsociety.
Cable and satellite television, computer-
to computer communications, personal
computers, new office technologies,
online informationservices.
Technological innovations leads to
a reconstitution of the social world
becauseits impactisso profound.
The merging of (ICTs) is of such
consequence that we are being ushered
into anew sort ofsociety.
35. Economic
Focus on measuring size and
growth of information industries
(as creators of wealth)
Information industries (education, law,
publishing, media and computer manufacture)
change the economic structure.
The primary and secondary
information sectors of the
economy.
The primary sector: It has an ascribable market
price,
The secondary sector: It is essential to all
modern-day organisation, involves informational
activities within companies and stateinstitutions
Information-based economy
36. Occupational
Focus on number of
individuals engaged in
work related to
information
Occupational change: The
transformative power of
information;
Information: drawn upon and
generated in occupations, or
embodied in people through
their education and
experiences.
‘thinking smart’, being
‘inventive’, and having the
capacity to develop and
exploit ‘networks’ is actually
the key to the new economy.
The economy today is
led and energised by people whose
major characteristic is the capacity
to manipulate information.
Wealth production comes,
not from physical effort, but
from ‘ideas, knowledge,
skills, talent and creativity’
37. Spatial
Focus on networks that connect
locations and have dramatic
effect ontheorganizationof time
andspace
Popular index of the information society:
Information networks have become
prominent features of socialorganisation.
The centrality of information networks
link different locations within and
between an office, a town, a region, a
continent – indeed, the entire world.
A ‘wired society’ operating at the
national, international and global
level to provide an ‘information ring
main’
All connected to networks of one sort or
another– networks themselves are expanding
their reach and capabilities in an exponential
manner.
38. Cultural
Focus on increase of information in dailylives
Technologies are becoming an important
part of people’s information environment
New media surround us, presenting
us with messages to which we may or
may not respond.
41. Data: Raw & unprocessed; material out of which information is
created; building blocks; often numbers, letters, symbols;
meaning is not yet apparent or assigned
Information: Processed and communicated with meaning;
organized or classified data that has meaning; “informs” us;
implies some type of human processing or understanding; must
be true or accurate; must go from one person to another (like a
spreadsheet or budget report) -- processed withmeaning
Knowledge: Further processed and interrelated; cohesive body
of information integrated into a larger body of information;
interrelated-- further processedandorganized
Wisdom: Knowledge applied to benefit humanity
42. Characteristics of Information as a Resource
Naturally diffusive
Reproduces rather than being consumed
Can be shared & exchanged
Compressible
Substitutable
Transportable
Basis of industries; such as, research,
education, publishing, marketing, politics
(worldwide)
43. The Information Infrastructure
“Institutions and individuals
involved in the dynamic process by
which information is created,
disseminated, and used in society”
(Rubin)
Foundations and framework
Libraries playvital role
45. Creators ofinformation writers, musicians, artists,
researchers, database producers,
web producers
Informationproducts books, videos, magazines, CDs, web
sites, etc.
Distributors of
information
publishers, Internet providers, vendors,
producers
Disseminators of
information
schools, libraries, colleges and
universities, businesses, government,
museums,
Users ofinformation individuals, business persons,
46. Information Infrastructure, Networks,& Services
Information infrastructure: "an awesome shared, evolving, open,
standardized, andheterogeneous installedbase“ (Ole Hanseth, 2002).
Pironti (2006): “… all of the people, processes, procedures, tools, facilities, and
technology which supports the creation, use, transport, storage, and
destruction of information”.
Information infrastructure: Engineering and technical structure of an
organizational form.
Information infrastructure: Introduced in the 1990’s and then later
developed into Information Systems(IS).
Information technology infrastructure: Physical and virtual resources that
support the flow, storage, processing, and analysisof data.
Infrastructure may be centralized within a data center, or it may be
decentralized and spread across several data centers that are controlled by an
organization.
48. Network Infrastructure
Network infrastructure: The hardware and software
resources of an entire network that enable network
connectivity, communication, operations and
management ofan enterprise network.
It provides the communication path and services
between users, processes, applications, services, and
external networks.
The entire network infrastructure is interconnected,
and can be used for both internal and external
communications.
50. Information& social change:Culture, Cognition, & Literacy
The Age of Computerization: Networked computer and communications systems are becoming
part of the daily life of the public: Allowing public access to the Internet is the most pivotal public
policy choice that stimulated this rise in networked computing;
The possibilities of widespread Internet use have also stimulated substantial developments in a
variety of applications; such as, electronic commerce, distance education, electronic publishing,
digital libraries, and virtual communities.
The emergence of these new applications has excited considerable speculation about the social
changes that could arise if these kinds of Internet uses were to become widespread.
Would electronic commerce, as illustrated by Amazon.com and eBay, erode the markets of physical
stores?
Could distance education provide new opportunities for a sound, inexpensive, and convenient
education athome?
Would widespread distance education become commonplace and rapidly erode the demand for
place-based colleges and universities?
Would electronic journals develop rapidly as low-cost alternatives to increasingly expensive print
journals?
Would digital libraries erode the demand for “brick and mortar” libraries?
In turn, if so much social activity shifted from face-to-face, place-based settings to these new online
forums, would community life erode?
51. TheInternet provides better information
ICT, in practice, is socially shaped:ICT characterizedastools create social impacts;
ICT: A sociotechnicalnetwork:
Sociotechnical:The interrelatedness of social andtechnical aspects of a society as a whole;
An approach which optimizes the interaction of people and technology in society;
Sociotechnical Systems (STS): The social aspects of people and society and technical
aspects of technology (both infrastructure andprocesses).
Technical:Structure and a broadersense of technicalities.
The devices, tools, and techniques needed to transform inputs into outputs in a way which
enhances performanceand interaction inside the society.
Thesocial system comprises the people, the knowledge, skills, attitudes, values and needs.
The use and value of the Internet: Providing new kinds of communications to support a
cornucopia of human activities in virtually every profession and kind of institution .
The professional and middle classes have found the Internet to be useful for communication
with some government agencies, some forms of shopping, tracking investments,
maintaining ties with friends and family via e-mail, andas a sourceof entertainment.
Thereareways inwhich the Internetenables the middle- class public to havebetteraccess to
important information ,
52.
53. Information & social change: Media & Print Culture
Printculture:Allformsof printedtextand otherprintedformsof visualcommunication,
Print culture is the conglomeration of effects on human society that is created by making printed
formsof communication.
Printcultureencompassesmanystagesas ithas evolvedinresponsetotechnologicaladvances.
Gunkel (2003): ‘society is currently in the late age of the text; the moment of transition from print
toelectronicculturewhereit istoolate forprintedbooksand yettooearlyforelectronictexts’.
Bolter(2003):"thelateageof print."
Whether or not the computer will replace the printed book as the repository and definition of
human knowledge.
There is still a very large audience committed to printed texts, who are not interested in moving to
a digitalrepresentationof therepositoryforhumanknowledge.
Gunkel stated that information now takes the form of immaterial bits of digital data that are
circulatedat thespeedof light.
Placing information into electronic form not only liberates the information from its pages, but
makesitaccessibletoeveryoneand everywhere.
People have become increasingly accustomed to acquiring information from homes that used to
beonlyaccessiblefroman officeorlibrary.
Oncecomputersare allnetworked,allinformationshouldbeaccessiblefromallplaces.
54.
55. Information& socialchange:Computer & Computerization
Computers have a significant impact on society: The vast
majority of people are using computers.
Development of science and technology has direct effect on our
daily life as well as in our social life.
Computer technology has made communication possible from
one part of the world to the other in seconds: They can see the
transactions in one part of the world while staying in the other
part.
Computer development is one of the greatest scientific
achievements of the 20th century.
Computers are used in various fields as well as in teaching and
learning:
56. Anaidto management The computer can also be used as a management tool to assist in solving
business problems.
Banking Branches are equipped with terminals giving them an online accounting facility
and enabling them to information as such things as current balances, deposits,
overdraftsandinterestcharges.
IndustrialApplication In industry, production may be planned, coordinated and controlled with the aid
ofa computer.
Engineering Design Computer help in calculating that all the parts of a proposed design are
satisfactoryandalsoassistin thedesigning.
Meteorology Data is recorded at different levels of atmosphere at different places, using
remotesensorscarriedon asatellite.
AirTravel Smallcomputersareinstalledasa partoftheplane'sequipment.
RoadTraffic Control Computersassistwiththe controloftrafficlights.
Telephones Computerized telephone exchanges handle an ever increasing volume of calls
very efficiently.
Medicine Computers are widely used in hospitals for such task as maintaining drugs,
surgical equipments and linen, for payroll and also for checkup and treatment of
57. Positive Impactsof Computer Negative Impacts of Computer
The work can be done in very
lesstime.
More information can be stored
insmallspace.
Multitasking & multiprocessing
capabilities of data.
Easyto access data.
Impartiality.
Documentscan bekept secret.
Error free result.
It can be used for various
purposes. i.e. It can be used in
anytype of work.
Highly expensive.
Accidents.
Datapiracy.
IncreasedUnemployment.
Huge data and information can be
lostsometimes.
Fast changing computer
technology.
Servicedistribution.
Illiteracy of computing and
computers.