This document provides an outline for a lecture on globalization, information and communication technologies (ICTs), and the information society. It begins with introductions to globalization, defining it as the flow of goods, services, capital, people, information and ideas across borders. It describes characteristics of globalization like transparency, connectivity, and the role of science and technology. It then discusses impacts of globalization, both positive like economic growth, and negative like increased competition. The document outlines how ICTs like the internet and mobile phones have increased globalization by reducing barriers. It defines the information society and references theorists like Daniel Bell and Manuel Castells who see it as successor to industrial society based on information.

1. Globalization, ICTs,
& the Information
Society
Boutkhil Guemide
University Mohammed Boudiaf, M’sila
Algeria

2. Lecture Outline
 INTRODUCTION
Globalization: Definition
 Characteristics of Globalization
 Effects ofGlobalization and in the 21stcentury
ICTs and Globalization
 The growing impact ofICTs onglobalisation
 Information Society: Definition and Characteristics
Information Infrastructure, Networks, & Services
 Information & social change: Culture, Cognition, & Literacy
 Information & social change: Printing & Print Culture
Information & social change: Computer & Computerization

3. INTRODUCTION Challenges facing he world's countries: achieving financial stability, economic growth, and higher
living standards.
 There are many different paths that can be taken to achieve these objectives, and every country's
path will bedifferentgiven thedistinctive nature of national economiesand political systems.
 The factors and potentials contributing to China's high growth rate over the past two decades have
been very different from those that have contributed to high growth in different countries; such as,
Malaysia, Indonesia, and Singapore.
 Throughout the world, several basic principles seem to underpin greater prosperity: Investment, the
spread of technology, strong institutions, macroeconomic policies, an educated workforce, and the
existenceof a market economy.
 Furthermore, a common denominator which appears to link nearly all high- growth countries
together istheir participation in, and integration with, theglobal economy.
 There is substantial evidence, from countries of different sizes and different regions, that as
countries "globalize" their citizens benefit, in the form of access to a wider variety of goods and
services, lower prices, more and better-paying jobs, improved health, and higher overall living
standards.
 Much has been achieved in connection with globalization: Poverty declined in East and South Asia,
great progress has been achieved in different economies; and development has been noticed in
differentsocieties.
 It is the people of developing economies who have the greatest need for globalization: It provides
themwithopportunitiesof beingpart ofthe world economy.

4. Whatis Globalization?
 Grewal & Levy (2009): “Processes by which goods, services, capital, people,
information, and ideas flow across national borders”.
 Wild, Wild, & Han (2008): “Trend toward greater economic, cultural, political, and
technological interdependence among national institutions and economies”.
 A new epoch in human history: A new age in which peoples everywhere are
increasingly subject to the disciplines of the global market.
 Giddens (1999): “Globalization is changing and transforming the structureof states, the
nature of economies, and most of our basic institutions. It is equated with liberalization
in politics, economy, and culture”.
 Economic "globalization" is a historical process, the result of human innovation and
technological progress.
 It refers to the increasing integration of economies around the world, particularly
through the movement of goods, services, and capital acrossborders.
 The term sometimes also refers to the movement of people (labor) and knowledge
(technology) acrossinternational borders.
 Globalization makes the world more accessible to all people.

5.  The term "globalization" began to be used more commonly in the 1980s, reflecting
technological advances that made it easier and quicker to complete international
transactions— both trade and financial flows.
 It refers to an extension beyond national borders of the same market forces that have
operated for centuries at all levels of human economic activity—village markets, urban
industries, orfinancial centers.
 There are countless indicators that illustrate how goods, capital, and people, have become
moreglobalized:
 The value of trade (goods and services) as a percentage of world GDP increased from 42.1
percent in 1980 to 62.1percent in 2007.
 Foreign direct investment increased from 6.5 percent of world GDP in 1980 to 31.8 percent
in 2006.
 The stock of international claims (primarily bank loans), as a percentage of world GDP,
increased from roughly 10 percent in 1980 to 48 percentin 2006.
 The number of minutes spent on cross-border telephone calls, on a per-capita basis,
increased from 7.3in 1991 to 28.8 in 2006.
 The number of foreign workers has increased from 78 million people (2.4 percent of the
world population) in 1965 to 191 million people (3.0 percent of the world population) in

6. Globalization Involving Us All

8. Characteristics of Globalization

9. Transparency and Limitless
 Each state and each of its residents have a chance to get
influenced by the incoming foreign cultures, or the
influences in all fields freely which can bring good and bad
effects for each individual and the group itself in line with
the supporting of advances in technology and information.
 The main role is a developed country where they do
spread lot of information and they influence the developing
countries.
 Limitless or borderless: Every country has the right to
break the national obstacles.
 Each country may freely conduct diplomacy or cooperation
with other countries, regardless of time and range.
 We also can openly see what happens out there without
being limited by space and time.

10. Connectivity and Integration
 Ech region or country has been
connected with the world by way of
'breaking' the national boundaries.
 Each individual and state start
building a connection or link
between one society to another, and
also from one country to another
country.
 “International Cooperation”: The
existence of the multinational
companies, regional and global
organizations which will lead to
increasing of business performance.
 The existence of international and
non- governmental organizations.

11. Science and Technology
 People have started to think critically: They
seemed to have started to think globally and
more developed.
 Changes of space and time: Changes already
happened in transportations and
communications.
 The changes of information technology also
can give the effects to another fields like
education, economics, politics, and also
cultures.
 The most changes of technology that can be
felt now are there are many global and
sophisticated communication medias like hand
phones, satellite televisions, and also tablets
that we can hold wherever we are.
 Those communication media will be
increasingly felt if it is added with the presence
of Internet as its supporter.
 With the existence of the science, we can
develop the technology.

12. Mass Media and Culture Interaction
 Globalization: The development of mass
media and the increasing of cultural
interaction.
 The development of the mass media:
Television, movies, music, and
transmission international news and sports.
 We easily learn, exchange information, and
access other cultures outside of our
culture.
 The mixture of western and eastern
cultures.
 Indonesia has started popping up a lot of
fast food restaurants which are brought by
western culture such as: Pronto, Domino’s
Pizza, Mc Donald’s, etc.
 Not only in the fields of food, we also can
feel the incoming of the western music’s
that already spread to Indonesia.

13. Globalization of Economic Activities
 A lot of free trade and the government
does not too control anymore about
the trade.
 But they still provide the rules and
regulation that guides the free trade.
 Freedom of the businessman and
factory owners to set up industry and
trade either in their country or abroad.
 Big industrials standing wisely on the
top of our lands.
 There is also the free exchange of
investment, commodities, services,
and technologies between all nations
around the world.

14. Competition and Dependency between Developed
Countries and Developing Countries
 The strong flow of information and
technology led to the intense of
competitiveness.
 People who do not have the advantage
will be eliminated and will be the target
to the actors of the changes in the
global situation.
 It can also occur in the State where
there is a gap between today's
developed countries and developing
countries.
 Developed countries dominate the
information flow in the world, so it
causes the dependency among
developing countries themselves.

16. Effects of Globalization in the 21st century
Positive Impacts NegativeImpacts
 A better economy: It introduces rapid development
ofthecapitalmarket
 Introducing new technologies: The new
technologies and progress in telecommunication,
introduction of satellites, mobiles … etc. (The results
ofglobalization).
 Thenew scientific researchpatterns.
 Livingstandardsarerisen.
 Globalization introduces better trade: More people
areemployed;Increasing productivity.
 Apart from economic aspect, globalization has also
broughtan impactonpoliticalandculturaldomain.
 Culturally speaking, globalization has brought in
different ideologies, and thought process amongst
people.
 Politically speaking, onset of Western democratic
systemhasanimpacton politics.
 Globalization brings fear as well: Because of too
much flow of capital amongst countries, it
introduces unfair and immoral distribution of
income.
 Another fear is loosing national integrity: Because of
too much exchange of trade, money, independent
domestic policiesarelost.
 Mental pressure on companies that causes many
peopletoloosetheirjobs.

17. ICTs and Globalization
 ICTs: InformationandCommunication Technologies .
 “Diverse set of technological tools and resources used to communicate, and to create,
disseminate, store, and manage information”: Computers, the Internet, radio and
television,andtelephony.
 ICTs are the services, platforms, and devices that have eroded the barriers of time and
space,makingswift andefficient internationalcommunication flows possible.
 ICT: The infrastructure andcomponents thatenablemoderncomputing.
 As a universal definition, the term is generally accepted to mean all devices, networking
components, applications and systems that allow people and organizations (i.e.,
businesses, nonprofit agencies, governments and enterprises) to interact in the digital
world.
 Digital technologies and infrastructure and products that facilitate the acquisition,
storage,analysis,manipulation,anddistributionofinformation.

18. Typesof ICTs
Other technologies that enable collection, processing,
transmission, and presentation of information in a number of
waysincludingvoice,data,text,images,video,andanimation.
There are three dominant ICT technologies: PC, cell-phone/
mobile,theInternet,
ICT also includes webcams, email, DVDs, flash memory, hard
drives,servers, andnetworks,soft-wares.
ICTsdigitaltechnologiesthathaverapidlychangedtheworld.
The list of ICT components is exhaustive, and it continues to
grow: Some components; such as, computers and telephones,
have existed for decades. Others; such as, smartphones, digital
TVsandrobots,aremore recententries.

20.  ICT has drastically changed how people work, communicate, learn and live: ICT
continuestorevolutionizeallpartsofthehumanexperience.
 Since globalization is seen as an increasingly influential social phenomenon that is
strikingly present in reality, Information communication technologies (ICTs) represent
the main drivers of globalized societies based on knowledge in new global era
(Herselman&Hay,2003).
 Walsham (2001): “ICTs are deeply implicated in the changes that are taking place in
todays’globalized andmodernsociety.ICTsinfluenceonthemodernsociety hasbeen
very strong and it has resulted in radical transformation in communication and
informationexchangearoundtheworld.”
 Kabamba (2008): “Technology advancements that include global telecommunication
infrastructure, cross- border transfer of data, the Internet, satellite networks and
wirelessphonecontributedtotheglobalizationprocess.”
 Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) are not only limited to the
transfer of information; they can accelerate development; enhance the effectiveness
and efficiency of the highest priority sectors of socio- economic development; for
instance,healthcare,byintroducingappropriateinformationsystems.

21. It is well known that not all parts of the world are touched
and influenced equally by globalization and ICTs; there are
places, which are totally excluded and isolated from today’s
global changes.
In a geographical perspective, it brings about
regionalization and; thus, divides the world into active
players and passive observers.
As such, the global information infrastructure is creating
gaps between the rich minority and the poor majority larger
and wider than any other socioeconomic and cultural
phenomena in the history of mankind (Robertson 1992;
Appadurai 1996;Castells 1996; Bilas & Frank 2010).

22. INFORMATIONSOCIETY: DEFINITION
 The most striking feature in the 21st century: Transforming the world
community from the industrial society paradigm to a new civilizational model;
namely, the global information society.
 Information and communication technologies have created new conditions for
the emergence of knowledge societies.
 The emerging global information society: Its raison d’être is to serve the
building, on a global scale, of knowledge societies that are sources of
development for both developed and developing countries.
 In terms of information and technologies, many Third World countries suffer
from accumulated intellectual poverty They are unable to
compete intellectuallywith developed countries.
 With regard to information, Third World countries have a very limited share in
the production of global information, making them highly dependent on
developed countries.

23.  Information Society (IS): A society where the creation, distribution,
use, integration and manipulation of information is a significant
economic, political, and culturalactivity.
 The aim of the information society is to gain competitive advantage
internationally, through using Information Technology (IT) in a
creative and productive way.
 The knowledge economy is its economic counterpart, whereby
wealth is created through the economic exploitation of
understanding.
 People who have the means to partake in this form of society are
sometimes called digital citizens: This is one of many dozen labels
that have been identified to suggest that humans are entering a new
phase of society.
 InformationSociety(IS):Thesuccessor to industrialsociety.

24. Information
Society
Post-industrial
Society
Post-Fordism
Post-modern
Society
Knowledge
Society
Telematic
Society
Information
Revolution
Network Society

25. IS: Theoretical Foundations
 Daniel Bell (1973): Post- industrial society (“information economy”,
“information society”,“new economy” and “Networked economy”)
 Rise of the service sector
 Decline of agricultural-based economy
 Predominance of “information-based” work
 Knowledge now key factor in the economy, outstripping physical
plant/ manufacturing
 Bell (1973): ‘In the pre-industrial society life is a game against
nature where one works with raw muscle power; In the industrial
era where machines predominates in a technical and rationalized
existence, … . In contrast to both, life in the post-industrial society
based on services, is a game between persons what counts is not
raw muscle power or energy but information (pp, 126- 7)

26. The InformationSociety: The“ThirdWave”
Agricultural Society Industrial Society Information Society
1 2 3

28.  Manuel Castells(2000): The Rise of the Network Society
 “Informational Society”: “it indicates the attribute of a specific form of social
organization in which information generation, processing, and transmission
become the fundamental sources of productivity and power because of new
technological conditions emerging in this historicalperiod.”
 “NetworkSociety”: The society of the Information Age
 Castells :The fundamental features of the network society
 Networks : Appropriate instruments for a capitalist economy based on
innovation, globalization, anddecentralized concentration,
 The New Economy: Organized around global networks of management,
capital, andinformation.
 Castells : Increasing interdependency of financial capital and industrial
capital (high technology);
 Financial capital relies on knowledge and information generated and enhanced
by ICT,
 Technology andinformation are decisive tools in generating profits.

29.  ManuelCastells (1996): The Network Society,
 Due to the explosion and exploitation of information and modern
ICTs, the Information Society is functioning as a network of social,
economic, and cultural structure,
 Modern Information Socities: Network Societies (Proccesses &
phenomena that accompany the implementation of ICTs & the
creation of communicationstructures),
 Network Society: Internet network and network connections between
thesubjects;
 The presence of digital technologies: They form the basic
infrastructure of mediating and increasing array of social, political,
and economic practises,
 The creation of the Network Society is the result of New Revolution in
InformationTechnologies.

30. Frank Webster: Five Dimensions of IS

31. Perspectives on the InformationSociety
Technological definitions: focus on rapid increase and
proliferation of information technology and its impact on
society
Economic definitions: focus on measuring size and growth of
informationindustries (as creatorsofwealth)
Occupational definitions: focus on number of individuals
engagedin workrelatedtoinformation
Spatial definitions: focus on networks that connect locations
andhavedramaticeffect ontheorganizationoftimeandspace
Cultural definitions: focus on increase of information in daily
lives

32. The “Information Age”
Information: The symbol for
our times
Emergence of highly educated
public with ready access to
knowledge

33. Data
Information
Knowledge
Wisdom

34. Data: Raw & unprocessed; material out of which information is
created; building blocks; often numbers, letters, symbols;
meaning is not yet apparent or assigned (like numbers stored in a
computer file)
 Information: Processed and communicated with meaning;
organized or classified data that has meaning; “informs” us;
implies some type of human processing or understanding; must
be true or accurate; must go from one person to another (like a
spreadsheet or budget report) -- processed withmeaning
Knowledge: Further processed and interrelated; cohesive body
of information integrated into a larger body of information;
interrelated-- further processedandorganized
 Wisdom:Knowledge applied to benefit humanity

35. Characteristics of Information as a Resource
Naturally diffusive
Reproduces rather than being consumed
Can be shared & exchanged
Compressible
Substitutable
Transportable
Basis of industries; such as, research,
education, publishing, marketing, politics
(worldwide)

36. The Information Infrastructure
“Institutions and individuals
involved in the dynamic process by
which information is created,
disseminated, and used in society”
(Rubin)
Foundations and framework
Libraries playvital role

37. Information Cycle
Creatorsof
information
Information
products
Distributorsof
information
Disseminators
ofinformation
Usersof
information

38. Creatorsofinformation writers, musicians, artists, researchers,
databaseproducers, webproducers
Informationproducts books, videos, magazines, CDs, web sites,
etc.
Distributorsofinformation publishers, Internet providers, vendors,
producers
Disseminators of
information
schools, libraries, colleges and universities,
businesses,government,museums,
Usersofinformation individuals, business persons, researchers,
employeesand employers

39. Information Infrastructure, Networks,& Services
 Information infrastructure: "an awesome shared, evolving, open,
standardized, andheterogeneous installedbase“ (Ole Hanseth, 2002).
 Pironti (2006): “… all of the people, processes, procedures, tools, facilities, and
technology which supports the creation, use, transport, storage, and
destruction of information”.
 Information infrastructure: Engineering and technical structure of an
organizational form.
 Information infrastructure: Introduced in the 1990’s and then later
developed into Information Systems(IS).
 Information technology infrastructure: Physical and virtual resources that
support the flow, storage, processing, and analysisof data.
 Infrastructure may be centralized within a data center, or it may be
decentralized and spread across several data centers that are either controlled
by an organization.

40. Infrastructure components
Datacenter
Power supply
Cooling system
Servers
Storage
systems
Networking
devices
Physical
cabling
Network
appliances
ITSecurity
Internet
infrstructure

41. Network Infrastructure
Network infrastructure: The hardware and software
resources of an entire network that enable network
connectivity, communication, operations and
management ofan enterprise network.
It provides the communication path and services
between users, processes, applications, services, and
external networks.
The entire network infrastructure is interconnected,
and can be used for both internal and external
communications orboth.

42. Networking
Hardware
Network
Services
Networking
Software

43. Information& social change:Culture, Cognition, & Literacy
 The Age of Computerization: Networked computer and communications systems are becoming
part of the daily life of the public: Allowing public access to the Internet is the most pivotal public
policy choice that stimulated this rise in networked computing;
 The possibilities of widespread Internet use have also stimulated substantial developments in a
variety of applications; such as, electronic commerce, distance education, electronic publishing,
digital libraries, and virtual communities.
 The emergence of these new applications has excited considerable speculation about the social
changes that could arise if these kinds of Internet uses were to become widespread.
 Would electronic commerce, as illustrated by Amazon.com and eBay, erode the markets of physical
stores?
 Could distance education provide new opportunities for a sound, inexpensive, and convenient
education athome?
 Would widespread distance education become commonplace and rapidly erode the demand for
place-based colleges and universities?
 Would electronic journals develop rapidly as low-cost alternatives to increasingly expensive print
journals?
 Would digital libraries erode the demand for “brick and mortar” libraries?
 In turn, if so much social activity shifted from face-to-face, place-based settings to these new online
forums, would community life erode?

44.  TheInternet provides better information
 ICT, in practice, is socially shaped:ICT characterizedastools create social impacts;
 ICT: A sociotechnicalnetwork:
 Sociotechnical:The interrelatedness of social andtechnical aspects of a society as a whole;
 An approach which optimizes the interaction of people and technology in society;
 Sociotechnical Systems (STS): The social aspects of people and society and technical
aspects of technology (both infrastructure andprocesses).
 Technical:Structure and a broadersense of technicalities.
 The devices, tools, and techniques needed to transform inputs into outputs in a way which
enhances performanceand interaction inside the society.
 Thesocial system comprises the people, the knowledge, skills, attitudes, values and needs.
 The use and value of the Internet: Providing new kinds of communications to support a
cornucopia of human activities in virtually every profession and kind of institution .
 The professional and middle classes have found the Internet to be useful for communication
with some government agencies, some forms of shopping, tracking investments,
maintaining ties with friends and family via e-mail, andas a sourceof entertainment.
 Thereareways inwhich the Internetenables the middle- class public to havebetteraccess to
important information ,

46. Information & social change: Media & Print Culture
 Print culture: All formsof printedtext andotherprintedformsof visualcommunication,
 Print culture is the conglomeration of effects on human society that is created by making printed forms of
communication.
 Printcultureencompasses many stagesasit has evolved in responsetotechnological advances.
 Gunkel (2003): ‘society is currently in the late age of the text; the moment of transition from print to
electronic culturewhere it is toolateforprintedbooksandyet tooearlyforelectronic texts’.
 Bolter(2003): "thelateageof print."
 Whether or not the computer will replace the printed book as the repository and definition of human
knowledge.
 There is still a very large audience committed to printed texts, who are not interested in moving to a
digitalrepresentationoftherepositoryforhuman knowledge.
 New forms oftechnology(newmedia) will be createdwhich utilize featuresof media.
 Gunkel stated that information now takes the form of immaterial bits of digital data that are circulated at
thespeed oflight.
 Placing information into electronic form not only liberates the information from its pages, but makes it
accessible toeveryone andeverywhere.
 People have become increasingly accustomed to acquiring information from homes that used to be only
accessible fromanoffice orlibrary.
 Once computersareall networked,allinformationshouldbe accessible from allplaces.

48. Information& socialchange:Computer & Computerization
 Computers have a significant impact on society: The vast
majority of people are using computers.
 Development of science and technology has direct effect on our
daily life as well as in our social life.
 Computer technology has made communication possible from
one part of the world to the other in seconds: They can see the
transactions in one part of the world while staying in the other
part.
 Computer development is one of the greatest scientific
achievements of the 20th century.
 Computers are used in various fields as well as in teaching and
learning:

49. Anaidto management The computer can also be used as a management tool to assist in solving
business problems.
Banking Branches are equipped with terminals giving them an online accounting facility
and enabling them to information as such things as current balances, deposits,
overdraftsandinterestcharges.
IndustrialApplication In industry, production may be planned, coordinated and controlled with the aid
ofa computer.
Engineering Design Computer help in calculating that all the parts of a proposed design are
satisfactoryandalsoassistin thedesigning.
Meteorology Data is recorded at different levels of atmosphere at different places, using
remotesensorscarriedon asatellite.
AirTravel Smallcomputersareinstalledasa partoftheplane'sequipment.
RoadTraffic Control Computersassistwiththe controloftrafficlights.
Telephones Computerized telephone exchanges handle an ever increasing volume of calls
very efficiently.
Medicine Computers are widely used in hospitals for such task as maintaining drugs,
surgical equipments and linen, for payroll and also for checkup and treatment of

50. Positive Impactsof Computer Negative Impacts of Computer
 The work can be done in very
lesstime.
 More information can be stored
insmallspace.
 Multitasking and
multiprocessing capabilities of
data.
 Easyto access data.
 Impartiality.
 Documentscan bekept secret.
 Error free result.
 It can be used for various
purposes. i.e. It can be used in
anytypeof work.
 Highly expensive.
 Accidents.
 Datapiracy.
 IncreasedUnemployment.
 Huge data and information can be
lostsometimes.
 Fast changing computer
technology.
 Servicedistribution.
 Illiteracy of computing and
computers.