The document provides an overview of the global positioning system (GPS). It discusses that GPS was created by the US Department of Defense to overcome limitations of previous navigation systems. GPS uses 24 satellites and their signals that allow GPS receivers to calculate their precise location on Earth. It is freely accessible and provides location and time information anywhere in any weather. While very accurate, GPS has some drawbacks such as signal interference and inability to work indoors. However, it has many applications in activities like navigation, mapping, aviation and more.
The document provides information about the Global Positioning System (GPS). It discusses how GPS uses a constellation of 24 satellites with atomic clocks to accurately determine the location of a GPS receiver anywhere on Earth. It explains how GPS measures the distance to multiple satellites to triangulate a user's 2D or 3D position via calculations based on the speed of light and signal travel times. Sources of error and techniques to improve accuracy like differential GPS are also summarized. The document outlines applications of GPS technology and its importance for navigation and other location-based services.
The Global Positioning System (GPS), originally Navstar GPS, is a satellite-based radionavigation system owned by the United States government and operated by the United States Space Force.
It is one of the global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) that provides geolocation and time information to a GPS receiver anywhere on or near the Earth where there is an unobstructed line of sight to four or more GPS satellites.
Obstacles such as mountains and buildings block the relatively weak GPS signals.
This document provides an overview of the Global Positioning System (GPS). It discusses the three main aspects of GPS which are determining position, speed, and time anywhere on Earth. It explains the basic principles of how GPS works by measuring the signal transit time between satellites and a receiver to calculate the receiver's location. It describes the three segments that make up the full GPS system - the space segment consisting of satellites, the control segment of ground stations, and the user segment of GPS receivers. It also provides a brief overview of differential GPS which improves location accuracy.
Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-based navigation system that provides location and time information to receivers anywhere on Earth. The system uses a constellation of 27 satellites that orbit Earth every 12 hours. GPS was developed by the U.S. Department of Defense and was originally only accurate for military use, but has since become accurate for civilian use with applications in vehicle navigation, mapping, precision agriculture and more. GPS works by satellites transmitting coded signals that receivers use to calculate the time it takes for signals to arrive and determine distance from multiple satellites to triangulate the user's position.
Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) allow users to pinpoint their geographic location anywhere in the world using signals from satellites. The two main GNSS currently in operation are the United States' Global Positioning System (GPS) and Russia's Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS). There are also other regional GNSS including the European Union's Galileo, China's BeiDou, Japan's QZSS, and India's NavIC. GPS and GLONASS both provide positioning and timing data to users worldwide, with GPS generally offering higher accuracy overall and GLONASS performing better at high latitudes.
Shivani Singh Chauhan presented a seminar on the Global Positioning System (GPS) to faculty at Govt. Girls Polytechnic. The presentation covered an overview of GPS, including its architecture, how it works using satellite geometry and signal triangulation, sources of errors, other global navigation systems, and applications. GPS is a satellite-based system consisting of 24 orbiting satellites used to determine location by calculating distance from satellites using radio signals. It has uses in navigation, mapping, military operations, and more.
The document provides an overview of the Global Positioning System (GPS) including:
- The three segments that make up GPS - the control segment, space segment, and user segment. The control segment monitors the satellites and ground stations, the space segment consists of GPS satellites, and the user segment includes GPS receivers.
- How GPS works by using trilateration based on precise timing signals from multiple satellites to determine a user's position. Sources of error and ways to improve accuracy are also described.
- Differential GPS (DGPS) and the Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) which enhance GPS accuracy by correcting for sources of error. DGPS uses reference stations and WAAS uses additional satellites
The document provides an overview of the Global Positioning System (GPS). It describes how GPS works using trilateration based on signal timing from multiple satellites. It discusses the space, control, and user segments. It also covers GPS signals, frequencies, accuracy issues, and methods to improve accuracy such as augmentation systems. Applications of GPS are outlined for civilian, military, and other uses.
The document provides information about the Global Positioning System (GPS). It discusses how GPS uses a constellation of 24 satellites with atomic clocks to accurately determine the location of a GPS receiver anywhere on Earth. It explains how GPS measures the distance to multiple satellites to triangulate a user's 2D or 3D position via calculations based on the speed of light and signal travel times. Sources of error and techniques to improve accuracy like differential GPS are also summarized. The document outlines applications of GPS technology and its importance for navigation and other location-based services.
The Global Positioning System (GPS), originally Navstar GPS, is a satellite-based radionavigation system owned by the United States government and operated by the United States Space Force.
It is one of the global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) that provides geolocation and time information to a GPS receiver anywhere on or near the Earth where there is an unobstructed line of sight to four or more GPS satellites.
Obstacles such as mountains and buildings block the relatively weak GPS signals.
This document provides an overview of the Global Positioning System (GPS). It discusses the three main aspects of GPS which are determining position, speed, and time anywhere on Earth. It explains the basic principles of how GPS works by measuring the signal transit time between satellites and a receiver to calculate the receiver's location. It describes the three segments that make up the full GPS system - the space segment consisting of satellites, the control segment of ground stations, and the user segment of GPS receivers. It also provides a brief overview of differential GPS which improves location accuracy.
Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-based navigation system that provides location and time information to receivers anywhere on Earth. The system uses a constellation of 27 satellites that orbit Earth every 12 hours. GPS was developed by the U.S. Department of Defense and was originally only accurate for military use, but has since become accurate for civilian use with applications in vehicle navigation, mapping, precision agriculture and more. GPS works by satellites transmitting coded signals that receivers use to calculate the time it takes for signals to arrive and determine distance from multiple satellites to triangulate the user's position.
Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) allow users to pinpoint their geographic location anywhere in the world using signals from satellites. The two main GNSS currently in operation are the United States' Global Positioning System (GPS) and Russia's Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS). There are also other regional GNSS including the European Union's Galileo, China's BeiDou, Japan's QZSS, and India's NavIC. GPS and GLONASS both provide positioning and timing data to users worldwide, with GPS generally offering higher accuracy overall and GLONASS performing better at high latitudes.
Shivani Singh Chauhan presented a seminar on the Global Positioning System (GPS) to faculty at Govt. Girls Polytechnic. The presentation covered an overview of GPS, including its architecture, how it works using satellite geometry and signal triangulation, sources of errors, other global navigation systems, and applications. GPS is a satellite-based system consisting of 24 orbiting satellites used to determine location by calculating distance from satellites using radio signals. It has uses in navigation, mapping, military operations, and more.
The document provides an overview of the Global Positioning System (GPS) including:
- The three segments that make up GPS - the control segment, space segment, and user segment. The control segment monitors the satellites and ground stations, the space segment consists of GPS satellites, and the user segment includes GPS receivers.
- How GPS works by using trilateration based on precise timing signals from multiple satellites to determine a user's position. Sources of error and ways to improve accuracy are also described.
- Differential GPS (DGPS) and the Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) which enhance GPS accuracy by correcting for sources of error. DGPS uses reference stations and WAAS uses additional satellites
The document provides an overview of the Global Positioning System (GPS). It describes how GPS works using trilateration based on signal timing from multiple satellites. It discusses the space, control, and user segments. It also covers GPS signals, frequencies, accuracy issues, and methods to improve accuracy such as augmentation systems. Applications of GPS are outlined for civilian, military, and other uses.
This document provides an overview of the Global Positioning System (GPS). It discusses what GPS is, its evolution, how it works, and its three segments: the space segment consisting of 24 satellites, the control segment of 5 ground stations, and the user segment of GPS receivers. The document outlines the information contained in GPS signals, how triangulation is used to determine position, and sources of errors like the ionosphere. It also discusses differential GPS, applications of GPS, and concludes with a bibliography.
The document discusses the history and applications of several global satellite navigation systems:
- GPS (U.S.), first launched in 1978, provides positioning for navigation worldwide.
- Galileo (EU), first launched in 2011, aimed to avoid relying on Russian and Chinese systems.
- GLONASS (Russia), first launched in 1982, combines with GPS in mobile devices.
- QZSS (Japan), first launched in 2010, complements GPS for improved signals in mountainous areas.
- BeiDou (China), first launched in 2000, supports applications like contactless payments and bike sharing.
The document provides an overview of the Global Positioning System (GPS) in 3 segments: the space segment consists of 24+ satellites in orbit that broadcast timing and position data; the control segment includes 5 monitoring stations that track satellites and upload corrections; the user segment comprises over 3 billion GPS receivers used for navigation, mapping, and other purposes by both military and civilian users. GPS determines position by precisely measuring the time it takes signals from at least 4 satellites to reach a receiver.
The Global Positioning System (GPS) consists of three segments - the control segment, space segment, and user segment. The control segment monitors the satellites and ground stations. The space segment is made up of 24 satellites that orbit the Earth. The user segment includes all GPS receivers on Earth. GPS uses trilateration to determine the precise position of receivers by calculating distances to multiple satellites. Sources of error include clock errors, atmospheric delays, and multipath interference. Error correction techniques like differential GPS improve accuracy. GPS has many applications including navigation, mapping, and timing systems. Its accuracy and uses are continuing to improve in the future.
Introduction of gps global navigation satellite systems DocumentStory
This document provides information on Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS). It discusses several GNSS including GPS (USA), GLONASS (Russia), and Galileo (Europe). It provides details on GLONASS and Galileo constellations and signal structures. The benefits of multiple GNSS include improved availability, accuracy, reliability and efficiency of position determination.
The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-based navigation system that can be used to locate positions anywhere on earth made up of a network of 24 satellites placed into orbit
Group presentation done on GPS technology it covers
1.Introduction -History,Background
2.What is GPS - Technology, infrastructure
3.How GPS Works - Theory,Mathematical explanation
4.Applications of GPS
5.Drawbacks of GPS
6.Future Development
#References are added to the note section of the slides.
This document discusses location tracking and global positioning systems. It provides an introduction and overview of the three segments of GPS - space, control, and user. The space segment consists of 24 operational satellites. The control segment includes master and monitor stations that track satellites. The user segment is made up of GPS receivers. It describes how GPS works using trilateration to determine location from distances to three or more satellites. Finally, it outlines various utilities and applications of GPS in areas like vehicle tracking, military, agriculture, and disaster relief. It notes some drawbacks including cost and inability to track if the receiver is off or insulated.
The document provides an introduction to GPS (Global Positioning System). It discusses how early humans navigated using methods like piles of stones or stars, and the development of modern navigation ideas like radar and sonar. It describes the history of GPS, which was developed by the US Department of Defense, launched its first satellites in 1978, and became fully operational in 1995. The document explains that GPS uses triangulation based on distance measurements to satellites to determine precise locations on Earth. It provides examples of GPS applications for military and civilian uses such as navigation, mapping, and tracking fishing fleets.
The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-based navigation system consisting of a constellation of over two dozen satellites. GPS satellites broadcast precise timing signals that allow GPS receivers to determine their longitude, latitude, and altitude on Earth. Originally developed by the U.S. military, GPS has become vital for navigation worldwide in applications like automobiles, ships, aircraft, and smartphones. It provides location services, timing references, and is used for surveying, agriculture, and more.
The Global Positioning System (GPS) consists of three segments - the control segment, space segment, and user segment. The control segment monitors the satellites and ground stations. The space segment is made up of 24 satellites that orbit the Earth. The user segment includes all GPS receivers on Earth. GPS uses trilateration to determine the precise position of receivers by calculating distances to multiple satellites. Sources of error include clock errors, atmospheric delays, and multipath interference. Error correction techniques like differential GPS improve accuracy. GPS has many applications including navigation, mapping, and timing systems. Its accuracy and uses are continuing to improve and expand.
The document discusses Global Positioning System (GPS). It describes GPS as a system that uses satellites to provide location and time information to receivers on Earth. The system has three segments: space (the satellites), control (ground stations that monitor the satellites), and user (people with GPS receivers). Some key uses of GPS include navigation, tracking, and mapping. The document outlines different types of GPS receivers and surveying techniques, such as static and rapid static surveys. It also briefly discusses GPS maps.
The Global Positioning System (GPS) uses 24 satellites and their signals to allow GPS receivers to determine their precise location on Earth by calculating latitude, longitude, and altitude. It has three segments - the space segment consisting of GPS satellites, the control segment of ground stations that monitor the satellites, and the user segment of GPS receivers. GPS was developed by the U.S. Department of Defense and achieved full operational capability in 1995, making highly accurate positioning available for civilian use.
The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-based navigation system that uses a constellation of satellites and receivers to determine locations on Earth. GPS works by precisely timing signals from at least 3 satellites to triangulate the user's position. The GPS system consists of 3 segments - the space segment containing the satellites, the control segment for monitoring the satellites, and the user segment of receivers. GPS is used for both military and civilian applications like navigation, mapping, and tracking the location of vehicles, ships and aircraft.
The document provides an overview of GPS (Global Positioning System), including its history, core components, working principles, accuracy limitations, and applications. GPS is a satellite-based navigation system consisting of 3 segments - space, control, and user. It works by precisely measuring the time it takes signals from GPS satellites to reach a GPS receiver and triangulating its position based on distances to 4 or more satellites. Various methods can improve its accuracy to within a few centimeters.
Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) allows mappers and resource managers to locate features using satellite positioning. GNSS receivers determine position by measuring distances to at least 4 satellites via signal travel time. Accuracy is typically 10-20 meters but can be improved to 1-5 meters using real-time differential corrections which account for errors. GNSS data can be incorporated into a GIS by converting point, line and polygon features collected using GNSS receivers.
The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-based navigation system consisting of 24 satellites maintained by the U.S. government that allows GPS receivers to determine their precise location. GPS was developed in 1973 by the U.S. Department of Defense and uses satellites to transmit timing and position data that allows receivers to calculate their position via triangulation. The current GPS architecture consists of three segments: the space segment of 24 satellites, a control segment of ground stations, and the user segment of GPS receivers.
GPS uses a constellation of 24 satellites orbiting Earth to enable GPS receivers to determine their precise location. The system works by using triangulation based on distance measurements from at least three satellites. The GPS segments include the space segment (satellites), control segment (ground stations that monitor satellites), and user segment (GPS receivers). GPS has both military and civilian applications including navigation, mapping, vehicle tracking, and monitoring fishing fleets.
Global positioning system and its mathematical form.
By Mustahsan Khan _ BS(physics-Nanotechnology) (International Islamic University Islamabad) Pakistan.
The document discusses the results of a study on the effects of exercise on memory and thinking abilities in older adults. The study found that regular exercise can help reduce the decline in thinking abilities that often occurs with age. Older adults who exercised regularly performed better on cognitive tests than those who did not exercise regularly.
Investigation of Effect of Process Parameters on Maximum Temperature during F...IJSRD
In case of friction stir welding, the maximum temperature along the weld line within appropriate range at tool workpiece interface is responsible for quality of welded joint. Through this paper, an attempt is made to establish a relationship between the input process parameters and the maximum temperature along the weld line during friction stir welding of aluminium alloy AA-7075. The design of pre-experimental simulation has been performed in accordance with full factorial technique. The simulation of friction stir welding has been performed by varying input parameters, tool rotational speed and welding speed. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) is used to investigate the effect of input parameters on maximum temperature during friction stir welding. A correlation was established between input parameters and maximum temperature by multiple regression lines. This study indicates that the tool rotational speed is the main input parameter that has high statistical influence on maximum temperature along the weld line during friction stir welding of aluminium alloy AA-7075.
This document provides an overview of the Global Positioning System (GPS). It discusses what GPS is, its evolution, how it works, and its three segments: the space segment consisting of 24 satellites, the control segment of 5 ground stations, and the user segment of GPS receivers. The document outlines the information contained in GPS signals, how triangulation is used to determine position, and sources of errors like the ionosphere. It also discusses differential GPS, applications of GPS, and concludes with a bibliography.
The document discusses the history and applications of several global satellite navigation systems:
- GPS (U.S.), first launched in 1978, provides positioning for navigation worldwide.
- Galileo (EU), first launched in 2011, aimed to avoid relying on Russian and Chinese systems.
- GLONASS (Russia), first launched in 1982, combines with GPS in mobile devices.
- QZSS (Japan), first launched in 2010, complements GPS for improved signals in mountainous areas.
- BeiDou (China), first launched in 2000, supports applications like contactless payments and bike sharing.
The document provides an overview of the Global Positioning System (GPS) in 3 segments: the space segment consists of 24+ satellites in orbit that broadcast timing and position data; the control segment includes 5 monitoring stations that track satellites and upload corrections; the user segment comprises over 3 billion GPS receivers used for navigation, mapping, and other purposes by both military and civilian users. GPS determines position by precisely measuring the time it takes signals from at least 4 satellites to reach a receiver.
The Global Positioning System (GPS) consists of three segments - the control segment, space segment, and user segment. The control segment monitors the satellites and ground stations. The space segment is made up of 24 satellites that orbit the Earth. The user segment includes all GPS receivers on Earth. GPS uses trilateration to determine the precise position of receivers by calculating distances to multiple satellites. Sources of error include clock errors, atmospheric delays, and multipath interference. Error correction techniques like differential GPS improve accuracy. GPS has many applications including navigation, mapping, and timing systems. Its accuracy and uses are continuing to improve in the future.
Introduction of gps global navigation satellite systems DocumentStory
This document provides information on Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS). It discusses several GNSS including GPS (USA), GLONASS (Russia), and Galileo (Europe). It provides details on GLONASS and Galileo constellations and signal structures. The benefits of multiple GNSS include improved availability, accuracy, reliability and efficiency of position determination.
The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-based navigation system that can be used to locate positions anywhere on earth made up of a network of 24 satellites placed into orbit
Group presentation done on GPS technology it covers
1.Introduction -History,Background
2.What is GPS - Technology, infrastructure
3.How GPS Works - Theory,Mathematical explanation
4.Applications of GPS
5.Drawbacks of GPS
6.Future Development
#References are added to the note section of the slides.
This document discusses location tracking and global positioning systems. It provides an introduction and overview of the three segments of GPS - space, control, and user. The space segment consists of 24 operational satellites. The control segment includes master and monitor stations that track satellites. The user segment is made up of GPS receivers. It describes how GPS works using trilateration to determine location from distances to three or more satellites. Finally, it outlines various utilities and applications of GPS in areas like vehicle tracking, military, agriculture, and disaster relief. It notes some drawbacks including cost and inability to track if the receiver is off or insulated.
The document provides an introduction to GPS (Global Positioning System). It discusses how early humans navigated using methods like piles of stones or stars, and the development of modern navigation ideas like radar and sonar. It describes the history of GPS, which was developed by the US Department of Defense, launched its first satellites in 1978, and became fully operational in 1995. The document explains that GPS uses triangulation based on distance measurements to satellites to determine precise locations on Earth. It provides examples of GPS applications for military and civilian uses such as navigation, mapping, and tracking fishing fleets.
The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-based navigation system consisting of a constellation of over two dozen satellites. GPS satellites broadcast precise timing signals that allow GPS receivers to determine their longitude, latitude, and altitude on Earth. Originally developed by the U.S. military, GPS has become vital for navigation worldwide in applications like automobiles, ships, aircraft, and smartphones. It provides location services, timing references, and is used for surveying, agriculture, and more.
The Global Positioning System (GPS) consists of three segments - the control segment, space segment, and user segment. The control segment monitors the satellites and ground stations. The space segment is made up of 24 satellites that orbit the Earth. The user segment includes all GPS receivers on Earth. GPS uses trilateration to determine the precise position of receivers by calculating distances to multiple satellites. Sources of error include clock errors, atmospheric delays, and multipath interference. Error correction techniques like differential GPS improve accuracy. GPS has many applications including navigation, mapping, and timing systems. Its accuracy and uses are continuing to improve and expand.
The document discusses Global Positioning System (GPS). It describes GPS as a system that uses satellites to provide location and time information to receivers on Earth. The system has three segments: space (the satellites), control (ground stations that monitor the satellites), and user (people with GPS receivers). Some key uses of GPS include navigation, tracking, and mapping. The document outlines different types of GPS receivers and surveying techniques, such as static and rapid static surveys. It also briefly discusses GPS maps.
The Global Positioning System (GPS) uses 24 satellites and their signals to allow GPS receivers to determine their precise location on Earth by calculating latitude, longitude, and altitude. It has three segments - the space segment consisting of GPS satellites, the control segment of ground stations that monitor the satellites, and the user segment of GPS receivers. GPS was developed by the U.S. Department of Defense and achieved full operational capability in 1995, making highly accurate positioning available for civilian use.
The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-based navigation system that uses a constellation of satellites and receivers to determine locations on Earth. GPS works by precisely timing signals from at least 3 satellites to triangulate the user's position. The GPS system consists of 3 segments - the space segment containing the satellites, the control segment for monitoring the satellites, and the user segment of receivers. GPS is used for both military and civilian applications like navigation, mapping, and tracking the location of vehicles, ships and aircraft.
The document provides an overview of GPS (Global Positioning System), including its history, core components, working principles, accuracy limitations, and applications. GPS is a satellite-based navigation system consisting of 3 segments - space, control, and user. It works by precisely measuring the time it takes signals from GPS satellites to reach a GPS receiver and triangulating its position based on distances to 4 or more satellites. Various methods can improve its accuracy to within a few centimeters.
Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) allows mappers and resource managers to locate features using satellite positioning. GNSS receivers determine position by measuring distances to at least 4 satellites via signal travel time. Accuracy is typically 10-20 meters but can be improved to 1-5 meters using real-time differential corrections which account for errors. GNSS data can be incorporated into a GIS by converting point, line and polygon features collected using GNSS receivers.
The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-based navigation system consisting of 24 satellites maintained by the U.S. government that allows GPS receivers to determine their precise location. GPS was developed in 1973 by the U.S. Department of Defense and uses satellites to transmit timing and position data that allows receivers to calculate their position via triangulation. The current GPS architecture consists of three segments: the space segment of 24 satellites, a control segment of ground stations, and the user segment of GPS receivers.
GPS uses a constellation of 24 satellites orbiting Earth to enable GPS receivers to determine their precise location. The system works by using triangulation based on distance measurements from at least three satellites. The GPS segments include the space segment (satellites), control segment (ground stations that monitor satellites), and user segment (GPS receivers). GPS has both military and civilian applications including navigation, mapping, vehicle tracking, and monitoring fishing fleets.
Global positioning system and its mathematical form.
By Mustahsan Khan _ BS(physics-Nanotechnology) (International Islamic University Islamabad) Pakistan.
The document discusses the results of a study on the effects of exercise on memory and thinking abilities in older adults. The study found that regular exercise can help reduce the decline in thinking abilities that often occurs with age. Older adults who exercised regularly performed better on cognitive tests than those who did not exercise regularly.
Investigation of Effect of Process Parameters on Maximum Temperature during F...IJSRD
In case of friction stir welding, the maximum temperature along the weld line within appropriate range at tool workpiece interface is responsible for quality of welded joint. Through this paper, an attempt is made to establish a relationship between the input process parameters and the maximum temperature along the weld line during friction stir welding of aluminium alloy AA-7075. The design of pre-experimental simulation has been performed in accordance with full factorial technique. The simulation of friction stir welding has been performed by varying input parameters, tool rotational speed and welding speed. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) is used to investigate the effect of input parameters on maximum temperature during friction stir welding. A correlation was established between input parameters and maximum temperature by multiple regression lines. This study indicates that the tool rotational speed is the main input parameter that has high statistical influence on maximum temperature along the weld line during friction stir welding of aluminium alloy AA-7075.
5 liz control de-daños-px-politraumatizadoEli Jimenez
Este documento describe las lesiones neurológicas secundarias a fracturas y luxaciones, la importancia de evaluar los nervios periféricos afectados, y el manejo adecuado. Se debe realizar un examen neurológico completo en pacientes con lesiones musculoesqueléticas y documentar cualquier cambio. La extremidad lesionada debe inmovilizarse y obtenerse una consulta quirúrgica de inmediato. Después de reducir una luxación, se debe reevaluar la función neurológica.
This document summarizes the design elements used in 4 different music DPS (digital press summaries). It discusses the graphology, typography, and color palettes used in each. The graphology includes placement of images and text. Typography focuses on font and highlighting techniques. Color palettes range from red/white/grey to solely black and white. The mode of address is direct in appealing to the reader.
- Scott Leibrand achieved the #1 ranking on the DAGGRE forecasting leaderboard through judicious forecasting, focusing on being less wrong than others, gathering information from multiple sources, sharing reasoning, prioritizing high confidence predictions, and understanding the scoring system to implement effective trading strategies.
- Some key strategies include patiently accumulating small positions when estimates are extreme to profit from large swings, moving estimates to split the difference on genuinely uncertain questions, adjusting estimates to actual odds data when available, editing early on new questions to gain points, and periodically checking positions to liquidate or adjust based on new information.
nshut.com online marketing E-commerce Directory. For the first in the country has been launched to bring relief to the consumers who make online shopping. The directory Will provide information about online market places and list of e-commerce portals on the basis of categories of products. Details of the related website. Contact addresses, website addresses, feedback of the customers. online chat service besides there will be some special features in the directory, said a press release, the directory has been launched keeping in mind that’s the buyers do not know where they can buy their required items, they take the decision depending on information obtained from different advertisements and individuals.
Solving Fuzzy Matrix Games Defuzzificated by Trapezoidal Parabolic Fuzzy NumbersIJSRD
This document discusses solving fuzzy matrix games where the payoff elements are fuzzy numbers. It begins with definitions related to fuzzy sets and fuzzy numbers. A two-person zero-sum matrix game model is presented where the payoff matrix contains trapezoidal fuzzy numbers. The fuzzy game is converted to a crisp equivalent game using defuzzification techniques. Different defuzzification methods are applied to a numerical example and the results are compared. The key concepts of mixed strategies, maximin-minimax criteria and saddle points in fuzzy matrix games are also covered.
Intergranular corrosion occurs along grain boundaries and preferentially attacks the boundaries rather than the grain interiors. It is caused by compositional differences at grain boundaries that create galvanic cells. Sensitization can occur during heating when chromium carbides precipitate out at grain boundaries, leaving the adjacent metal depleted in chromium and more susceptible to corrosion. Two types of intergranular corrosion that can occur during welding are knife line attack, which affects a narrow band of metal near the weld fusion line, and weld decay, which develops farther from the weld in non-stabilized steels. Prevention methods include using stabilized grades of stainless steel and performing post-weld heat treatments.
Brilliant Lecture delivered to me in Alagappa Engineering college Workshop.
The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite
based radio navigation system provided by the
United States Department of Defence. It gives
unequaled accuracy and flexibility in positioning
for navigation, surveying and GIS data collection.
GPS uses satellites to allow receivers to determine their precise location and time. It consists of 3 segments - space, control, and user. The space segment has 24 satellites that continuously transmit navigation data. The control segment generates ephemeris and clock data and uploads to satellites. For the user segment, receivers measure pseudorange and phase to calculate 3D position, velocity, and time with accuracy of meters. Key advantages are high precision, speed, and automation compared to traditional surveying methods.
GPS, or the Global Positioning System, is a satellite-based navigation system that provides location and time information to users with GPS receivers. It works by precisely timing the signals sent by GPS satellites high above the Earth. GPS was originally developed by the U.S. military but is now used worldwide for both military and civilian purposes. In healthcare, GPS technology helps emergency responders locate patients faster, tracks patients with cognitive issues, and aids in telemedicine, disease surveillance, disaster response, and more. It provides accurate positioning information that supports a variety of applications improving healthcare delivery and outcomes.
Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-based navigation system consisting of a network of 24 satellites placed into orbit by the U.S. Department of Defense. GPS allows land, sea, and airborne users to determine their exact location, velocity, and time 24 hours a day, in all weather conditions, anywhere in the world. The GPS uses trilateration to calculate a user's position by comparing times from at least three satellites, and it provides accuracy to within a few meters. GPS has many applications including navigation, construction, mining, military uses, and everyday uses on phones and in cars.
The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-based navigation system consisting of 24 satellites orbiting the Earth. GPS was developed by the United States Department of Defense to provide precise positioning and time information to military users. GPS uses trilateration to calculate a user's position by measuring the time it takes signals from at least four satellites to reach a GPS receiver. The system provides location and time information to both military and civilian users around the world.
GPS is a satellite-based navigation system that uses 24 satellites orbiting Earth to provide location and time information to GPS receivers anywhere in the world. The U.S. Department of Defense developed GPS, which became fully operational in 1995. GPS works by precisely measuring the time it takes signals from GPS satellites to reach a GPS receiver. These time measurements are then used to calculate the receiver's position by triangulating its location relative to the satellites. The key elements of GPS include space, control, and user segments. GPS provides accurate positioning anywhere on Earth and has many applications including navigation, mapping, and tracking.
The document provides information on the Global Positioning System (GPS) and remote sensing. It discusses the three main parts of GPS - the space segment consisting of satellites, the control segment of ground stations, and the user segment of receivers. It describes how GPS uses trilateration of satellite signals to determine position. Sources of error and applications including surveying, navigation, and remote sensing are also summarized. Remote sensing is defined and the basic components and types including optical, thermal, microwave, active and passive are outlined.
This document provides information about GPS (Global Positioning System) and planimeters. It describes the three main parts of GPS as satellites, receivers, and software. It explains how GPS works by using signals from satellites to calculate a receiver's distance and position on Earth. Examples of GPS applications include navigation, agriculture, surveying, and more. The document also gives an overview of how planimeters can be used to accurately measure the area of any shape on a plane or map. It describes the two main types of planimeters as polar and roller planimeters.
The document discusses the Global Positioning System (GPS). It has three segments - space, control, and user. 24 satellites comprise the space segment. The control segment monitors the satellites. GPS uses triangulation of signals from multiple satellites to determine a user's precise location. It provides location and navigation services to both military and civilian users around the world.
The document discusses the Global Positioning System (GPS). It provides details on:
- GPS was developed by the US Department of Defense and uses 27 satellites for positioning.
- It is free, precise, reliable, works in all weather, and has unlimited user capacity.
- Common applications include vehicle navigation, asset tracking, mapping, and precision agriculture.
- GPS determines location by measuring the time it takes for signals from multiple satellites to reach a receiver.
The document discusses the Global Positioning System (GPS). It describes GPS as a satellite-based navigation system developed by the U.S. Department of Defense that provides accurate positioning, navigation, and timing services to users worldwide. GPS uses 24 satellites orbiting the Earth to transmit signals that allow GPS receivers to determine their precise location. The system has three segments - the space segment consisting of satellites, the control segment that monitors and maintains the satellites, and the user segment of anyone using a GPS receiver. GPS enables positioning accuracy from several meters for basic users to millimeter-level precision for specialized applications.
The document discusses the Global Positioning System (GPS). It describes GPS as a satellite-based navigation system developed by the U.S. Department of Defense that provides accurate positioning, navigation, and timing services to users worldwide. GPS uses 24 satellites orbiting the Earth to transmit signals that allow GPS receivers to determine their precise location. The system has three segments - the space segment consisting of satellites, the control segment that monitors and maintains the satellites, and the user segment of anyone using a GPS receiver. GPS enables accurate positioning for applications like navigation, mapping, and surveying.
The document summarizes a seminar presentation on the Global Positioning System (GPS). It describes GPS as a satellite-based navigation system that provides location and time information anywhere on Earth. The presentation covers the history of GPS, how it works using satellites and receivers, its applications in navigation and tracking, and advantages like its coverage and ease of use, as well as disadvantages like potential signal interference.
This document provides an overview of GPS (Global Positioning System), including its history, components, working principles, accuracy, signals, sources of errors, and methods to improve accuracy. GPS is a satellite-based navigation system consisting of 30+ satellites that transmits location and time information to GPS receivers. It became fully operational in 1995 and is maintained by the US government. The three segments are the space, control, and user segments. The working principle involves determining the location of GPS satellites and calculating distances to them using signal travel times. [END SUMMARY]
The GPS consists of 3 segments - the space segment of 24 satellites orbiting Earth, the control segment of ground stations monitoring the satellites, and the user segment of GPS receivers. GPS satellites continuously transmit radio signals allowing receivers to calculate their location on Earth by triangulating signals from at least 3 satellites. Originally intended for military use, GPS is now widely used for civilian navigation in vehicles, hiking, boating and more.
The global positioning system is a spaced based satelite navigation system that provides location time information in all weather conditions , anywhere on or near the earth where there is an unobstructed line of sight to four or more GPS satellites.
Developed and maintained by the US Department of Defense (DOD)
The document provides an introduction to GPS and GNSS systems. It discusses how GPS works by using timing signals from multiple satellites to calculate a receiver's position via trilateration. It addresses sources of error like atmospheric delays and describes methods to improve accuracy, including using differential GPS with a base station to correct for shared errors over short distances. Real-time kinematic systems can achieve centimeter-level accuracy by correcting carrier phase measurements. The document aims to explain basic GPS concepts and choosing the appropriate receiver type for different applications.
The document provides an overview of the Global Positioning System (GPS). It discusses the history and development of GPS from 1969 to 1995. It describes the three segments that make up the GPS architecture: the space segment consisting of 24 satellites, the control segment of earth-based stations, and the user segment of any device receiving GPS signals. It then explains how GPS works by using triangulation of signals from three or more satellites to calculate a user's position and discusses applications such as vehicle navigation, mapping, and tracking stolen devices. Advantages listed include usability in all weather and coverage of the entire planet. The conclusion discusses expanding civilian uses of GPS for navigation and future autonomous vehicles.
The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-based navigation system that provides location and time information to users with GPS receivers. It was developed by the U.S. Department of Defense in the 1970s to overcome limitations of previous navigation systems. GPS uses 24 satellites that orbit the Earth and transmit signals that allow receivers to determine their precise location, speed and direction. The system works by calculating the time delay of signals from at least 3 satellites to determine the user's position through trilateration. GPS has both military and civilian applications including vehicle navigation, map-making, tracking valuable assets, and outdoor recreational activities.
GNSS/GPS systems enable precise positioning using signals from satellites. Consumer-grade receivers provide positions within 5 meters, while survey-grade systems can achieve precision of a few centimeters with post-processing. Earth scientists use GNSS to track ground movement, map topography, and monitor hazards, providing both direct benefits like early warning systems and indirect benefits like furthering scientific understanding.
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
5. Navigation and positioning
are crucial to so many
activities and yet the process
has always been quite difficult
and slow
6. Finally
Finally ,the us department of
defense decided that the military had
to have a super precise form of world
wide positioning.
The result is the global positioning
system , a system that changed
navigation forever
7. INTRODUCTION
• The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a space-
based Global navigation satellite system that
provides location and time information.
• The project was started in 1973 to overcome the
limitations of previous navigation systems.
• GPS was created by the US department of defence
and was originally run with 24 satellites.
• It became fully operational in 1994 at the cost of
twelve billion US taxpayer dollars.
• Freely accessible by anyone with a GPS receiver.
8.
9. Space segment
• 24 satellites
• At least six satellites on LOS
GPS Technology 9
10. Control Segment
Operate by US Air force
Consist of
• Master Control Segment (MCS)
• Alternative MCS
• Dedicated ground antennas
• Monitoring stations
GPS Technology 10
11. User segment
• Consist of GPS receivers
• Calculate location using GPS signals
GPS Technology 11
12. Velocity x Time = Distance
T + 3
Distance between satellite and
receiver = “3 times the speed of
light”
T
Signal leaves satellite at
time “T”
Velocity x Time = Distance
20. Sources of Signal Interference
Earth’s
Atmosphere
Solid
Structures
Met
al
Electro-magnetic
Fields
Selective
availability
MC
S
Receiver
errors
clock
24. That’s all we have for you!
Conclusion
Verdict:
GPS is the ultimate navigation system currently in the
worldin terms of cost, performance& reliability
Editor's Notes
http://www.gps.gov/systems/gps/space/
The GPS space segment consists of a constellation of satellites transmitting radio signals to users.
GPS satellites fly in medium Earth orbit (MEO) at an altitude of approximately 20,200 km. Each satellite circles the Earth twice a day
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Positioning_System#Space_segment
As of December 2012,[65] there are 32 satellites in the GPS constellation.
How a Receiver Determines Its Position
Traveling at the speed of light each satellite PRN signal takes a brief, but measurable amount of time to reach a GPS receiver. The difference between when the signal is sent and the time it is received, multiplied by the speed of light, enables a GPS receiver to accurately calculate the distance between it and each satellite, provided that several factors are met.
Those factors are:
Good satellite signal lock by the GPS receiver (already covered)
A minimum of four satellite signals (discussed next)
Good satellite geometry (discussed later)
When a GPS receiver is turned on it immediately begins searching the sky for satellite signals. If the receiver already has a curent almanac (such as one acquired on a previous outing), it speeds up the process of locating the first satellite signal. Eventually it locates and acquires its first signal. Reading this signal the receiver collects the Navigation Message. If the receiver does not have a current almanac, or was moved more than 300 miles while turned off, it must collect a new almanac, which will take about 12-13 minutes after the first satellite signal is acquired. Why the need for a new almanac if the receiver is moved more than 300 miles while turned off? Beyond 300 miles from its last used location the receiver is presumed to be using different GPS satellites, and therefore should download a new almanac to reflect the new PRN codes. If the receiver is turned on and collecting satellite signals while moving over 300 miles, its almanac is automatically updated.
In the above graphic, the GPS receiver calculates a rough location somewhere on this three dimensional sphere, which is actually thousands of miles in diameter. All the receiver can really do at this point is collect system data and search for more satellites.
How a Receiver Determines Its Position (cont.)
In a perfect world, where both satellite and receiver clocks were perfectly synchronized with each other, an accurate position could be determined from just two satellites. However, most receivers are incapable of calculating an accurate position using just two satellites. The dot in the example represents the approximate location of where the receiver thinks it is based on the information provided by two satellites. At least now the receiver knows that it is somewhere at the intersection of those two satellite signals. But that’s the only improvement in its position calculations.
The satellite signal spheres should intersect at precisely the receiver’s location, but don’t because the clock in the GPS receiver isn’t yet synchronized with GPS Time. So the receiver estimates a “pseudo-range” to each satellite.
How a Receiver Determines Its Position (cont.)
Three satellites can provide only a two-dimensional (2D) position. Without manually entering the receiver’s exact elevation (most GPS receivers don’t allow elevation to be entered manually), the rendered 2D position may be off by several kilometers on the ground. If the exact elevation of the GPS receiver is known, entering that elevation into a receiver with this capability replaces the need for a fourth satellite signal to allow a receiver to triangulate a precise position. The receiver essentially uses elevation in lieu of a fourth satellite, and makes the appropriate adjustments to trilaterate a reasonably good 3D position.
But without manual elevation correction most GPS receivers must rely on a fourth satellite to provide the final clock correction information necessary to calculate a 3D position. Until a fourth satellite signal is acquired the receiver will not be able to determine x and y horizontal, and z vertical positioning (a true 3D position). This is because the fourth satellite signal is used by the receiver not to provide more position data, but, rather, the final time correction factor in its ranging calculations.
As a rule, 2D positions should always be avoided whenever possible. Use 2D positioning only when a 3D position is not possible, but be aware of the horizontal error inherent in any 2D position. The inability of a GPS receiver to triangulate a 3D position may be due to a variety of factors, including user error, poor satellite geometry, and harsh landscape conditions (tall buildings, canyons, and dense tree cover among others). As will be shown later in the course, all GPS receivers provide some means for informing the user which mode they are operating in. It’s up to the user to be aware of the errors associated with 2D positioning.
How a Receiver Determines Its Position (cont.)
Unfortunately, accessing only two or three satellite signals, the clock in the GPS receiver cannot yet be synchronized precisely with GPS Time. The pseudo-range spheres (the diagram here shows only two satellites for simplification), as interpreted by the GPS receiver, will either be just a little too large (if the receiver’s clock is running faster than GPS Time) or too small (if the receiver’s clock is slower than GPS Time). The spheres will not intersect with each other. In this example, the “do not” could be the false pseudo-range position if the GPS receiver’s clock is running faster than GPS Time, or the dot is the position if the receiver’s clock is slower than GPS Time. For the purpose of this example, we’ll pretend that the receiver’s clock is running a little fast, so the dot is the true location.
How a receiver determines its position (cont.)
For a GPS receiver to achieve three-dimensional (3D) positioning it needs to acquire four or more satellite signals. A 3D position is comprised of X and Y (horizontal), Z (vertical) positions, and precise time (not varying more than a few hundred nanoseconds). The receiver’s processor uses the fourth satellite pseudo-range as a timing cross check to estimate the discrepancy in its own ranging measurements and calculate the amount of time offset needed to bring its own clock in line with GPS Time (recall the radio station and record player simultaneously playing the same song). Since any offset from GPS Time will affect all its measurements, the receiver uses a few simple algebraic calculations to come up with a single correction factor that it can add or subtract from all its timing measurements that will cause all the satellite spheres to intersect at a single point (x, y, and z).
That time correction synchronizes the receiver's clock with GPS Time. Now the receiver essentially has atomic clock accuracy with the time correction factor needed to achieve precise 3D positioning. The pseudo-ranges calculated by the GPS receiver will correspond to the four pseudo-range spheres surrounding the satellites, causing the four spheres to intersect at precisely the receiver’s location (the dot in the diagram).
Sources of Signal Interference (cont.)
Selective Availability (see previous slide).
Control Segment blunders due to computer glitches or human error can cause position errors from several meters to hundreds of kilometers. Checks and balances by the Air Force Space Command virtually eliminates any blunders in the Control and Space segments of the Global Positioning System.
User mistakes account for most GPS errors on the ground. Incorrect datum and typographic errors when inputting coordinates into a GPS receiver can result in errors up to many kilometers. Unknowingly relying on a 2D position instead of a 3D position can also result in substantial errors on the ground. A GPS receiver has no way to identify and correct user mistakes.
Even the human body can cause signal interference. Holding a GPS receiver close to the body can block some satellite signals and hinder accurate positioning. If a GPS receiver must be hand held without benefit of an external antenna, facing to the south can help to alleviate signal blockage caused by the body because the majority of GPS satellites are oriented more in the earth's southern hemisphere.
Errors in GPS are cumulative, and are compounded by position dilution of precision (PDOP) (covered later). It is the user’s responsibility to insure the accuracy of the data being collected with the GPS.
[R]: Features that makes the GPS so popular are:
One, and the most important. It is free.
It can precisely predict the location.
GPS never fails, we can rely on it.
It can work in all weather.
No matter we are in the middle of sea or in the desert, it’ll work anytime, anywhere.
It can handle unlimited number of users at a time, without any problem.
Attack – jmming sig. or altering
iran capture US drone
[D]: Now, where GPS can be used. It’s applications.
It can be used in numerous places, like
Agriculture
Timing
Government uses it Surveying and Mapping
It has number of application in space
Road, Highways for navigation
Can be helpful in Disaster Control
Used in railways to prevent clash between trains
For recreational activities like, hiking, trekking
In marine industry,
And lastly, in aviation industry.
[R]: And. That’s all we have for you as of now.
[D]: Thank you, have a good day ahead.