GPS is a satellite-based navigation system that uses 24 satellites orbiting Earth to provide location and time information to GPS receivers anywhere in the world. The U.S. Department of Defense developed GPS, which became fully operational in 1995. GPS works by precisely measuring the time it takes signals from GPS satellites to reach a GPS receiver. These time measurements are then used to calculate the receiver's position by triangulating its location relative to the satellites. The key elements of GPS include space, control, and user segments. GPS provides accurate positioning anywhere on Earth and has many applications including navigation, mapping, and tracking.

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GPS TECHNOLOGY
Presented by: Sushil S.
Tirpude
From : 3rd yare

2. Introduction to GPS
>The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite
based navigation system.
> The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a location
system based on a constellation of about 24 satellites
orbiting the earth at altitudes of approximately 11,000
to 12,000miles.
>The concept of GPS was introduced by united states
department of defense (DOD).

3. • GPS is the only system today able show your
exact position on the earth any time, in any
weather, any where ground stations, located
world wide, continuously monitor them.
• Also known as NAVSTAR (Navigation
Satellite Timing and Ranging Global
positioning system) provides instantaneous
position, velocity and time information
What is GPS?

4. History of GPS
>1969- Defense Navigation Satellite system (DNSS)
formed.
>1973-NAVASTAR Global Positioning System Developed.
>1978- First 4 Satellites launched.
>1993-24th satellite launched.
>1995-full operational capability.
>May 2000-Military accuracy available to all users.

5. Elements Of GPS
>SATELLITES IN SPACE
>GROUND CONTROL STATIONS
>RECEIVERS

6. Operational GPS Structure
 SPACE SEGMENT
>CONTROL SEGMENT
>USER SEGMENT

8. >24 GPS space vehicles
satellite (SV).
>Satellites orbit the earth in
12hr.
>There are six orbital planes
with nominally four SVS in
each.
>This constellation provides 5
to 8 SVS from any point on the
earth.
Space segment

9. > The control segment consist of tracking stations located around
the world.
> The GPS control segment called the operational control
system,includes all fixed locations ground based monitor stations
located throughout the world.
Control Segment

10. User segment
> The GPS user segment consist of GPS receivers and user
community.
> The GPS receivers coverts SV signals into position, velocity
and time estimates.
> Four satellites required to compute the four dimensions of
x,y,z(position) and time

11. Simplified GPS Receiver Block Diagram

12. Working of GPS
> The GPS system works by determining how long it
takes a radio signal transmitted from a satellite to reach
a land based receiver and then, using time to
calculate distances between the satellite and earth
station receiver.
> The distance between the satellite and receiver the
mathematical relationship.
> Distance =velocity *time.

13. Advantages of GPS
> Fast speed.
> Leads u in right direction.
> Helps improve mapping skills.
> Makes navigation easier.
> Has panic buttons built in.
> You can be found easier if in danger or in
accident.

14. Disadvantages of GPS
 People focus on GPS more than road accident.
 Needs good care and handling.
 Required External power.
 Needs batteries (handheld ones).

15. Services:
> Standard Positioning Service
> Precise Position Service
> Differential Global Positioning System

16. Standard Positioning Service
 Civil worldwide use the SPS without charge or restrictions.
 Most of the receivers are capable of receiving the information’s.
 100m Horizontal accuracy.
 156m Vertical accuracy.
 340 nanoseconds time accuracy.

17. Precise Position Service
 Authorized users with cryptographic equipment and keys and specially
equipped receivers use PPS.
 PPS is highly accurate military positioning, velocity and timing service which
will be available on a continuous, worldwide basis to users.
> 22m horizontal accuracy.
> 27.7m Vertical accuracy.
> 200 nanosecond time accuracy.

18. > It is used to correct bias
errors at one location with
measured bias errors at a
known position.
> DGPS removes common
mode errors common to
both reference and remote
receiver.
> DGPS accuracy of 1- 10m.
DGPS

19. Earth
Satellite
System

20. Application of GPS Technology
 Positioning
 Navigation system
 Military purpose
 Time synchronization
> Tracking

21. Limitations of GPS
> Satellite Geometry :
> Propagation Delay Internal Clock Errors:
> Multipath:

22. > GPS satellites orbit at a height of about
12,000 miles (19,300 km) and orbit the earth once every 12 hours.
About 24 GPS satellites orbit the earth every 12 hours
Global Positioning Satellite

23. Conclusion
The technology of the Global Positioning System is allowing for huge
changes in society. The applications using GPS are constantly growing.
The cost of the receivers is dropping while at the same time the
accuracy of the system is improving. This affects everyone with things
such as faster Internet speed and safer plane landings.
> more reliable and accurate measurements.
> less costly to corporations - since the error removing equipment will
no longer be needed.
> more affordable and accessible to consumers.
> greater incentive for the development of new uses.

24. THANK
YOU ONE AND
ALL